The Ritualized Commemoration of War in the Hellenistic City: Memory, Identity, Emotion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELOS CHANIOTIS
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
War Memories ◽  
War Dead ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
City Memory ◽  
Remote Past

This chapter studies (primarily using epigraphic evidence) the various ways in which wars, both wars of the remote past and more recent conflicts, were present in the ritual life of Hellenistic cities. It demonstrates the continual presence of war memories and memorials in ritual activities, exploring the diverse ways in which that presence was manifested (for example, historical anniversaries, public funerals, the graves of the war dead as places of memory, the part played by war dedications in sanctuaries, the commemoration of war in the public recitation of honorary decrees).

The screen performance as an instrument of propaganda (on the example of Ivan Kavaleridze’s film «Koliivshchyna», 1933)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25242644 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Alina Lisnevska
Keyword(s):  
Video Content ◽  
The Public ◽  
Screen Media ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Screen Performance ◽  
Personalized Video ◽  
Remote Past

The myth-making processes in the communicative space are the «cornerstone» of ideology at all times of mankind’s existence. One of the tools of the effective impact of propaganda is trust in information. Today this come round due to the dissemination of information on personalized video content in social networks, including through converged media. New myths and social settings are creating, fate of the countries is being solved, public opinion is being formed. It became possible to create artificially a model of social installation using the myths (the smallest indivisible element of the myth) based on real facts, but with the addition of «necessary» information. In the 20–30 years of the XX century cinematograph became the most powerful screen media. The article deals with the main ideological messages of the Ukrainian Soviet film «Koliivshchyna» (1933). In the period of mass cinematography spread in the Soviet Ukraine, the tape was aimed at a grand mission – creation of a new mythology through the interpretation of the true events and a con on the public, propaganda of the Soviet ideology. This happened in the tragic period of Ukrainian history (1933, the Holodomor) through the extrapolation of historical truth and its embodiment in the most formative form at that time – the form of the screen performance. The Soviet authorities used the powerful influence of the screen image to propagate dreams, illusions, images, stereotypes that had lost any reference to reality. I. Kavaleridze’s film «Koliivshchyna» demonstrates the interpretation of historical events and national ideas, the interpretation of a relatively remote past through the ideology of the «Soviet-era». The movie is created as a part of the political conjuncture of the early 1930s: the struggle against Ukrainian «bourgeois nationalism» and against the «Union of Liberation Ukraine», the repressive policies against the peasants, the close-out of the «back to the roots» policy. The movie, on the one hand, definitely addresses to the Ukrainian ideas, on the other hand it was made at the period of the repressions against the Ukrainian peasantry. In the movie «Koliivshchyna», despite the censorship, I. Kavaleridze manages to create a national inclusive narrative that depicts Ukrainian space as multi-ethnic and diverse, but at the same time nationally colorful.

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND MONETARY POLICY IN THE FIRST CENTURY AD ROMAN EMPIRE

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oldroyd
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence

Previous authors have argued that Roman coinage was used as an instrument of financial control rather than simply as a means for the state to make payments, without assessing the accounting implications. The article reviews the literary and epigraphic evidence of the public expenditure accounts surrounding the Roman monetary system in the first century AD. This area has been neglected by accounting historians. Although the scope of the accounts supports the proposition that they were used for financial control, the impetus for keeping those accounts originally came from the emperor's public expenditure commitments. This suggests that financial control may have been encouraged by the financial planning that arose out of the exigencies of funding public expenditure. In this way these two aspects of monetary policy can be reconciled.

The Monuments to the War Dead in Classical Athens: Form, Contexts, Meanings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
POLLY LOW
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
War Dead ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses one of the best-known instances of classical commemoration: the public funeral and collective burial and commemoration of the Athenian war dead. Its particular aim is to explore the various contexts in which Athenian practice might be understood. How do these monuments fit into the wider picture of Athenian burial and commemoration, in terms of both form and physical location? How do they relate to the political system and ideology of the city that created them? And how might these contexts shape the way in which the monuments were used and understood by contemporary and later viewers?

scholarly journals Lista dei caduti in guerra della tribù Eretteide

Axon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Zaccarini
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
War Dead

This Athenian casualty list of the Erechtheis tribe, c. 460-459 BCE, is an important source for our understanding of the Athenian military effort in the Eastern Mediterranean in the central decades of the 5th century. While it can be safely dated and contextualized on the basis of Thucydides, the inscription highlights the selective and biased narrative provided by the literary sources. Furthermore, along with other similar documents, this list provides valuable information on the rationale and aims of the public celebration of the war dead in Athens, on the identity of the civic body, and on the inclusion of various social classes in the celebration of the polis.

scholarly journals “The Greatest Slovak” in the Historical Memory of Modern Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
O.S. Krylova ◽  
◽  
G.V. Rokina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Places Of Memory

The development and preservation of historical memory in the Slovak Republic were discussed using the Slovak pantheon of national heroes as an example. The study aims to show commemorative practices used in the historical development of the country. The mechanisms and tools for defining the collective historical memory of Slovaks in the modern times were considered. Some examples of the political use of memories of the past were analyzed. The title of the paper traces back to the public survey about “the greatest Slovak” arranged by the Slovak radio station and television in May 2018–October 2019. A number of examples illustrating the process of formation of historical myths and stereotypes in the collective historical memory of Slovaks over several centuries were provided. In modern Slovakia, the public is generally rejecting the old stereotypes and new myths are emerging against the background of heated discussions between politicians and historians. A simultaneous destruction of the old “places of memory” and the formation of the new ones is taking place. Furthermore, the traditional pantheon of Slovak national heroes is being updated. These processes have a considerable influence on the development of the country. In this work, special attention was paid to such historical figures of Slovakia as L. Štúr, the Founding Father of the Slovak nation, and M.R. Štefánik, the outstanding politician. The results of the television survey were analyzed in detail: the public had to choose 100 most outstanding personalities of the Slovak history, politics, and culture, as well as to determine “the greatest Slovak” among them. The latter title was finally awarded to M.R. Štefánik. It was concluded that the collective historical memory in Slovakia is at its early stage of development and that Slovaks have not fully overcome the myths and stereotypes of the past.

scholarly journals Historia y representación de la guerra en el espacio público valenciano = History and representation of war in the Valencian public spaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Rafael Zurita Aldeguer
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
War Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Peninsular War ◽  
War Memories ◽  
Historical Heritage

Resumen: La Guerra de la Independencia española sigue presente en el espacio público de la Comunidad Valenciana. Monumentos, esculturas, pinturas, placas conmemorativas, nombres de calles y plazas, espacios museográficos y recreaciones históricas son una prueba de ello. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es señalar los elementos de la memoria histórica que están visibles en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos del siglo XXI y ofrecer una interpretación sobre el significado que se da a estos lugares de la memoria de la guerra. Además, se constata que apenas existe una política para la puesta en valor del patrimonio histórico relacionado con la guerra ni una promoción del turismo cultural sobre esta época histórica.Palabras clave: Historia pública, Guerra de la Independencia, Memoria de la guerra, Conmemoraciones, Turismo cultural.Abstract: The Peninsular War is still present in the public spaces of the Valencian Community. Monuments, sculptures, paintings, commemorative plates, names of streets and squares, museums and re-enactments provide  proof of this. The   objective of this work is to point out the elements of historical memory that are visible in the everyday life of 21st century citizens, and to offer an interpretation of the meaning given to those places in war memories. Additionally, there is hardly any policy for the enhancement of historical heritage related to the war nor some kind of promotion of cultural tourism on those  historical times.Keywords: Public history, Peninsular War, War Memory, Commemorations, Cultural tourism.

La « garde du fleuve » dans l’Egypte hellénistique et romaine

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-150
Author(s):  
Lucia Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Premier Lieu ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Effective Functioning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Official Status

This contribution proposes a study of the river guard in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt. It aims to enlighten the social, administrative, and fiscal peculiarities of this institution by which public powers ensured the security of human mobility on the Nile. This study starts from the analysis of Greek and Latin vocabulary of the “river guard” according to literary and epigraphic evidence found on papyri and ostraca. Next, it focuses on the actors ensuring the “river guard,” notably on their social and ethnic background, on their official status, as well as on the public regulations governing the “river guard.” Finally, it examines the different functions assigned to river guards, the material means for this institution’s effective functioning, and the tax system organized for its financing. Le présent article est centré sur l’étude de la « garde du fleuve » dans l’Egypte hellénistique et romaine. Dans le cadre d’une réflexion historique large, il vise à rendre compte des spécificités sociales, administratives et fiscales de cette institution ayant assuré la sécurité des circulations humaines sur le Nil. Cette réflexion est ainsi fondée en premier lieu sur l’étude du vocabulaire grec et latin de la garde du fleuve, conservé dans les papyrus et les ostraka égyptiens, dans les textes littéraires et épigraphiques. Dans un second temps, il est question d’étudier les acteurs de la garde du fleuve, notamment les milieux socio-ethniques de recrutement, les statuts et les formes publiques de leur encadrement. Il s’agit enfin de s’intéresser aux différentes fonctions assurées par la garde du fleuve, aux moyens matériels nécessaires à son exercice et à la fiscalité préposée à son financement. This article is in French.

scholarly journals The historiography of kardimarkara: Reading a desert tradition as cultural memory of the remote past

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Remote Past

The idea that the kardimarkara tradition in the Lake Eyre region is a distant cultural memory of the remote past, of a time when the desert once teemed with life, was propelled into the public domain by JW Gregory in his 1906 book, The Dead Heart of Australia. This paper examines the historiography of the kardimarkara narratives, arguing that such use of Indigenous tradition needs to be subject to the same canons of scholarship and critical analysis as other historical records. The reading of kardimarkara as cultural memory is a misunderstanding of a typical ‘Dreaming’ narrative, in which kardimarkara represents the rainbow serpent, and where contemporary observations of fossil bones are used to validate this landesque ideology. This paper proposes a general framework for scrutinising and evaluating the historicity of oral tradition.

Jerash in the First Century A.D.

1933 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Present Form ◽  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Good Picture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
North East ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
The City

Some fifty miles north-east of Jerusalem, on the rugged plateau between the Jordan and the desert to the east, lies a ruined city whose striking remains have attracted the interest of hardy travellers ever since the beginning of the last century—Jerash, the ancient Gerasa, in Transjordania. This district was the Decapolis of the Romans, though its cities numbered more than ten. Since that time war and the centuries have obliterated all trace of many of them; but Jerash, with its temples and theatres, its paved and colonnaded market and streets, its almost intact walls and its many Christian churches, is still beautiful and imposing. None the less, it is only very recently that its full significance has begun to be realised. Heretofore it has been usual to assume that Jerash attained prosperity and importance only under the Antonines, beginning with Trajan's annexation of Arabia in A.D. 105–6, and his assignment of Jerash to that province. This opinion was supported by the fact that the inscriptions supply dates of the second century or later for most of the public buildings; but a reconsideration of the archaeological and epigraphic evidence shows that the present plan of the city and the present form of the public buildings are due merely to alteration and rebuilding under the Antonines. From the materials which we now have it is possible to reconstruct a good picture of the flourishing and active city of the first century—further, to show that this prosperity was itself not new, but firmly based on a long and continuous past.

scholarly journals Cultural Heritage and the Crisis of Democracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yussef Campos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Direct Elections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Artistic Heritage

Democracy in Brazil is experiencing a crisis that has not been seen for a long time. After the 1988 Constitution, democratic institutions began to show signs of strengthening, such as the Public Ministry, the Judiciary, direct elections, among others. However, the rise of the extreme right – a non-exclusive event in our country – has mitigated and persecuted these institutions, with their dismantling, their ideological and religious equipment and even their extinction, as happened with the Ministry of Culture. The National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute has also been the target of repeated attacks. Appointments of unprepared individuals, without adequate qualification to assume management and leadership positions at the Institute has been the Achilles heel of the almost centenary IPHAN (National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute, in the acronym in Portuguese). Other facts mark the attack on places of memory and Brazilian heritage. In the midst of demonstrations around the world about the modification of place names that honor human rights defenders and the overthrowing of their statues, in Brazil the president of the republic testifies to his inability to occupy this position by giving prizes to torturers who acted as torturers in the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964–1985). Thus, this brief text will seek to exemplify how some facts – some prior to the current administration but which solidify with it – exemplify the current democratic crisis, which strikes not only Heritage and places of memory, but also an entire state structure that comes undone through the virulence of fake news and corruption led by the Bolsonaro family.

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