Comparative institutional advantage in the context of development*

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Hepple QC
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Positive Interaction

This chapter discusses how the theory of comparative institutional advantage might be applied in the context of development. In so doing, it draws on the work of Hall and Soskice on Varieties of Capitalism (2001) and the author's own work on Labour Laws and Global Trade (2005), which argued that nations prosper in a globalised economy, not by becoming more similar in their labour laws, but by building their institutional advantages on a floor of fundamental human rights. The chapter develops this argument in the context of national responses to economic crisis. It considers the issue of comparative advantage in trade, questioning assumptions relating to the sources of such advantage, and proposing innovative regulatory means of addressing current shortcomings. It advocates positive interaction of local, national, regional, and international measures which empower workers' voices.

Inter- and Intra-industry Trade Relations between Bangladesh and India: Empirical Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Anisul M. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Economic Ties

Bangladesh and India are two neighbouring countries in South Asia having strong political, diplomatic, trade and economic ties with each other. This article reviews and updates on the inter- and intra-industry trade relationship between these two countries using more recent data. More specifically, it examines the relative position of the two countries in global trade followed by trends and patters of bilateral trade using aggregative data. At a disaggregate level, the commodity composition of Bangladesh exports to and imports from India by major product categories is examined focusing on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) to review and update the degree of inter-industry trade. Further, the Grubel–Lloyd index (GLI; Grubel & Lloyd, 1975 ) is examined to measure the degree of intra-industry trade by major commodity groups. The article finds that India has a much stronger relative position in the global trade vis-à-vis Bangladesh. India is also found to dominate Bangladesh in bilateral trade, resulting in a very large and persistent trade deficit of Bangladesh with India. At a disaggregated level, the article finds that India has a comparative advantage in more products than Bangladesh and that the GLI shows that the degree of intra-industry trade is almost negligible between the two countries.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by Human Rights Bodies in Times of Economic Distress. The case of Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Saranti
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Case Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
International Human ◽  
Of Greece

Economic, social and cultural rights have borne the brunt of the recent economic crisis and the austerity measures adopted to counter it. Due to their gradual implementation and the need of positive measures to implement them, they were the first to be attacked. After discussing the possible ways of applying economic, social and cultural rights in the first part of the essay, I will then examine their application during economic crises with a special reference to Greece focusing mainly on two fields, labour rights and social security rights, and the case-law produced by international human rights bodies in that respect.

scholarly journals GLOBAL TRADE IMBALANCES – AN ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jelena Trivić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Global Imbalances ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Imbalances ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The scope of this paper is to define thenotion of global imbalances as well as to present theamounts of trade imbalances of the world's largest tradersin the period before and in the aftermath of the globaleconomic crisis. Although the global economic crisis hassomewhat corrected high deficits, or surpluses of the world'slargest traders, data show that after the recovery of worldtrade after the global economic crisis, there is a resumptionof trade imbalances in these countries. The global tradeimbalances of the world's largest traders are shown inabsolute terms as the difference between the import andexport of goods, but also in relative terms expressed as ashare of the surplus or deficit in the gross domestic productof each country. It is important to point out that thirteencountries whose trade imbalances are represented in thispaper, either individually or as aggregated within a group ofcountries, make up over half of the world's total trade ingoods.

Information and Communication Technology in Logistics as a Comparative Advantage

2010 ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Roman Gumzej ◽  
Martin Lipicnik
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Technological Platform

In a time, when the economic crisis is filling the news, it may seem hard to even think about improvements in terms of research and development, since there are lacking funds even for the reproduction. However, the last economic revolution was born in a crisis. Therefore it is sensible to look at the current situation as an opportunity for the next economic revolution,. bringing the economy a new cycle of development. The potentials for growth with the globalization have been mainly exploited so far, bringing considerable negative consequences into our lives and our environment that have triggered anti-globalist and ecological movements around the world. Now it’s time to think how to make things better and more humane. The main goal of this chapter is to lay the foundation for an advanced-research technological platform for logistics applications networks.

The Smoot–Hawley Fixation: Putting the Sino-US Trade War in Contemporary and Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-555
Author(s):  
Simon J Evenett
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Policy Space ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Trade War

Abstract The extent to which the Sino-US trade war represents a break from the past is examined. This ongoing trade war is benchmarked empirically against the Smoot–Hawley tariff increase and against the sustained, covert discrimination by governments against foreign commercial interests witnessed since the start of the global economic crisis. The Sino-US trade war is not the defining moment that some contend. Thus, laying the blame for the current woes of global trade entirely at the feet of policymakers in Beijing or Washington, D.C., is unfounded. Since the rot started well before 2018 and implicates many states, greater attention should be given to the factors determining the unilateral commercial policies of governments during and after a systemic economic crisis. The insights from the economic history literature of the 1930s presented here are useful in this regard. Moreover, claims that existing multilateral trade rules have bite are hard to square with the very large shares of global trade affected by policy measures favouring local firms implemented over the past decade. When confronted with severe adverse economic conditions for better or for worse, WTO members had plenty of policy space after all.

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