scholarly journals Development of amino resins for emulsion paint formulation: effect of aldelhydic group and degree of substitution

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 2532-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Osemeahon ◽  
Barminas ◽  
T J ◽  
Aliyu ◽  
B A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Emulsion Paint ◽  
Paint Formulation

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF BINARY BLENDS OF LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER AND POLYVINYL ACETATE IN EMULSION PAINT

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Ndibe ◽  
J. U. Iyasele ◽  
E.O. Imanah ◽  
G. E. Okpara ◽  
I. Eriamiatoe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Binary Blends ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Coating Industry ◽  
Emulsion Paint ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber ◽  
Paint Formulation ◽  
Method Of Production

Studies were conducted on blends of liquid natural rubber (LNR) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc).The two polymers were characterized based on their physicochemical properties, and used in paint production. Results obtained showed that viscometric measurement and density of the polymers did not differ much. Five paints of different compositions labeled; Paint 1 (100% PVAc), Paint 2 (100% LNR), Paint 3 (75% LNR: 25% PVAc), Paint 4 (50% PVAc: 50% LNR), and Paint 5 (25% LNR: 75% PVAc) using standard emulsion paint formulation and method of production were employed. The paint samples were subjected to quality test. Most of the emulsion paint showed good quality test when compared by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON). Paint 1 had an excellent viscosity and adhesion when compared with Paint 2 and other samples. Also, Paint 5 recorded 22.0poise for viscosity and 0.68kgf for adhesion when compared with other paint blends. This shows that, emulsion paint formulated blends of LNR/PVAc with percentage composition 25% LNR; 75%PVAc exhibited best performance characteristics in terms of test conducted. The results suggest that LNR and PVAc are compatible as binders in emulsion paint production. Therefore, LNR/PVAc blends could be used as binder in the coating industry as an alternative to PVAc binder based emulsion paint.

HES 200/0.5 Is not HES 200/0.5

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (06) ◽  
pp. 1452-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Treib ◽  
Anton Haass ◽  
Gerhard Pindur ◽  
Ulrich T Seyfert ◽  
Wolfgang Treib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Mean Molecular Weight

SummaryThe plasma clearance of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) depends on the initial molecular weight and the degree of substitution. So far, little attention has been paid to the clinical relevance of the C2/C6 substitution ratio of hydroxyethyl starch.10 patients with cerebrovascular circulatory disturbance received hemodilution therapy for 10 days, consisting of 10% HES 200/0.5 (mean molecular weight 200 kD, degree of substitution 0.5) with a C2/C6 ratio of 13.4. A second group of 10 patients received a starch solution with identical initial molecular weight and degree of substitution but with a C2/C6 ratio of 5.7.After the administration of a single dose, no significant differences between the two groups were observed. After repeated administration, significant differences could be detected in hemorheology, coagulation and elimination (p<0.01). The larger C2/C6 ratio led to a higher intravascular mean molecular weight (95 vs. 84 kD), which in turn led to a higher increase in serum concentration during the therapy (14.7 vs.8.6 mg/ml). Hematocrit was lowered more (-30,5 vs. -23,5%) and plasma viscosity was increased more. There was also a more pronounced increase in partial thromboplastin time (+30% vs. +13%) and a factor of 2 larger decrease of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor-complex (p <0.01), which exceeded the dilution effect.The higher C2/C6 ratio of HES 200/0.5/13.4 slows down enzymatic degradation. After repeated administration of this starch, large molecules accumulate which are inefficiently degraded. The same effect has been observed after therapy with highly-substituted HES. This accumulation of large molecules leads to a beneficial longer lasting volume effect. The disadvantages include an increase in plasma viscosity and coagulation disturbances, which cannot be explained with the respective dilution effect alone. For these reasons, the C2/C6 ratio is of clinical relevance and should be included in the product labeling in the future.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ACETYLATED WHEAT STARCH SUPPORTING FOR DIABETES TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Uyen Tran Thi Ngoc ◽  
Nam Nguyen Khac ◽  
Dung Tran Huu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Wheat Starches

Background: The purpose of the study was to prepare acetylated wheat starches which have amylase hydrolysis resistant capacity to use as functional food supporting for diabetes treatment. Method: Acetate wheat starches were prepared by acetylation reaction of native wheat starch with different mole ratios of acetic anhydride. These starches were determined for the physicochemical properties by 1H-NMR, SEM, X-ray, DSC, solubility and swelling capacity, the resistant capacity by amylase hydrolysis in-vitro. Results: Acetate wheat starches were prepared successfully with the increase in acetyl content and degree of substitution corresponding with the increase of anhydride acetic, which resulted in the change of physicochemical properties of the wheat starches, including constitution, solubility, swelling capacity and contributed to the increase in resistant starch content in the acetate wheat starches. The AC150-9 containing 2.42% acetyl with degree of substitution 0,094 and resistant starch 32,11% is acceptable by FDA guideline about food safety. Conclusion: Acetate wheat starches contain low rate of digestive starch, while containing a higher proportion of resistant starch than natural wheat starch, possessing a high resistance to amylase activities. Thus, it is hope that this kind of starch to control the rapid increase of postprandual blood glucose response for diabetes treatments effectively. Key words: Acetate wheat starch, substitution, DS, RS, amylase

1H-NMR Analysis of Degree of Substitution in N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosans from Various Chitosan Sources and Types

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaidee ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
S. Luangkamin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chitosan Oligomer ◽  
Ft Ir

N,O-Carboxymethyl chitosans were synthesized by the reaction between shrimp, crab and squid chitosans with monochloroacetic acid under basic conditions at 50°C. The mole ratio of reactants was obtained from various reaction conditions of shrimp chitosan polymer and oligomer types. The mole ratio 1:12:6 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid was used for preparing carboxymethyl of chitosan polymer types while carboxymethyl of chitosan oligomer types were used the mole ratio 1:6:3 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid. The chemical structure was analyzed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnatic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The FT-IR was used for confirm the insertion of carboxymethyl group on chitosan molecules. The 1H-NMR was used for determining the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethylation at hydroxyl and amino sites of chitosans. Carboxymethyl chitosan samples had the total DS of carboxymethylation ranging from 1.0-2.2. The highest of DS of carboxymethylation was from shrimp chitosan oligomer type.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Crosslinked Chitosans with a Higher Fatty Diacid Diglycidyl and Their Adsorption Abilities towards Acid Dyes

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Shimizu ◽  
Atsushi Taga ◽  
Hitoshi Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Crosslinked Chitosan ◽  
Adsorbent Materials ◽  
Dye Molecule

Novel chitosan-based adsorbent materials with a higher fatty diacid diglycidyl as the crosslinking agent were synthesized and the adsorption abilities of the resulting polymers evaluated towards typical acid dyes. The successful formation of a crosslinked structure was confirmed via infrared spectroscopic measurements and the solubility of the polymer towards 10% aqueous solutions of acetic and formic acids determined. At higher dye concentrations, the adsorption abilities of the crosslinked chitosan towards hydrophilic CI Acid Orange 7 and CI Acid Red 1 increased with decreasing degree of substitution. However, at lower dye concentrations, the crosslinked chitosan with the lowest degree of substitution exhibited the lowest adsorption capability. With such hydrophilic acid dyes, the extent of adsorption decreased significantly as the pH of the solution increased. On the other hand, CI Acid Red 138, which contains a dodecyl group in the chemical structure, was adsorbed to a considerable extent even at higher pH values, suggesting hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl group in the dye molecule and the hydrophobic crosslinker.

Painting for the Protection of Outdoor Metal Structures

1954 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
J.F. Stanners
Keyword(s):  
Paint System ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Paint Formulation

In this second and concluding part of his article, Mr. Stanners discusses the choice of paints, paint formulation, the paint system, and, finally, when and how to paint. The first part of the article ‘Preparing to Paint’ appeared in our August issue.

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