scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Pasteurella from holding grounds of live-bird markets at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (31) ◽  
pp. 754-760
Author(s):  
Gebeyehu Surra ◽  
Tulu Dereje ◽  
Negera Chaluma
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from the Workers of Live Bird Markets at Mymensingh, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
S Sarker ◽  
S Talukder ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
PM Das
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Live Bird

Context: Identification of bacteria from the workers of live bird markets is important factor for zoonotic aspects and for implementing appropriate control strategies.Objectives: To determine the occurrence of bacteria especially Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli from the workers of live bird markets.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 samples were collected from hand washes (n=20) and nasal swabs (n=20) of the associated workers in urban and suburban live bird markets. Bacteria were isolated in different media, and identification was performed based on the staining, cultural and some biochemical tests. For Salmonella sp., DNA was extracted using a DNA isolation kit and rfbs gene was amplified by using commercial PCR kit.Results: The bacteria such as Salmonella sp. and E. coli were detected in the samples by several microbial tests. The prevalence of Salmonella sp. was 40% and 30%, and E. coli was 70% and 40% in the hand washes and nasal swabs respectively of the workers of urban and periurban live bird markets.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the appropriate precautions should be taken during and subsequent to the handling of live birds to minimize the risk of zoonotic diseases.Key words: Salmonella; Escherichia coli; live bird markets; isolation and identificationDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7121J. bio-sci. 17: 135-138, 2009

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification Avian Influenza A non-H5 Virus from Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) at Two Live Bird Markets in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Deya Karsari
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya. Muscovy duck is the natural reservoir of Avian Influenza virus, in which all of the 16 HA subtypes and 9 NA maintained. The Avian Influenza virus replicates in intestinal tract of the reservoirs, causing the high amount of virus shed in the faeces. This study is an observational descriptive study, using non random sampling method of determined samples. The  method used in this study were Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus was identified 19.23% (5 samples out of 26) in PS1 and  23.34% (7 samples out of 30)  in PS2. This finding shows that  Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus could be isolated and identified from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Backyard Poultry Farms and Live Bird Markets in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene N. Ogali ◽  
Lucy W. Wamuyu ◽  
Jacqueline K. Lichoti ◽  
Erick O. Mungube ◽  
Bernard Agwanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Protein Cleavage ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Live Bird

Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious disease of poultry that causes significant economic losses. Despite rampant ND outbreaks that occur annually in Kenya, the information about the NDV circulating in Kenya is still scarce. We report the first countrywide study of NDV in Kenya. Our study is aimed at evaluating the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses obtained from backyard poultry in farms and live bird markets in different regions of Kenya. We sequenced and analyzed fusion (F) protein gene, including the cleavage site, of the obtained viruses. We aligned and compared study sequences with representative NDV of different genotypes from GenBank. The fusion protein cleavage site of all the study sequences had the motif 112RRQKRFV118 indicating their velogenic nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV from various sites in Kenya was highly similar genetically and that it clustered together with NDV of genotype V. The study samples were 96% similar to previous Ugandan and Kenyan viruses grouped in subgenotype Vd This study points to possible circulation of NDV of similar genetic characteristics between backyard poultry farms and live bird markets in Kenya. The study also suggests the possible spread of velogenic NDV between Kenya and Uganda possibly through cross-border live bird trade. Our study provides baseline information on the genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in the Kenyan poultry population. This highlights the need for the ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird markets and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would otherwise be more difficult to control.

scholarly journals Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynalem Mandefro ◽  
Tilaye Demissie Ayana ◽  
Gemechu Chala Hunderra ◽  
Tadesse Gidey Gebrezihar ◽  
Bulto Giro Boru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Abstract Background: Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. Reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and function of genital organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of pathological lesions in the reproductive tract and to isolate bacteria associated to uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Akaki camel slaughter house and Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs. Abattoirs were visited once per week for 28 weeks during which three to seven animals on average were slaughtered per day. A purposive sampling technique was employed to examine reproductive tracts of all slaughtered animals (280; 140 cows and 140 camels). Following gross inspection at abattoirs, tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological investigation. Result: Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 48 (34.2%) and 51 (36.4%) of dromedary camels and cows, respectively. Uterine lesions were the most prevalent 21.4% lesions observed in dromedary camels followed by ovarian lesions 7.14%; while in cows, ovarian lesions were the major prevalent 16.4% lesions followed by uterine lesion 14.2%. The result showed that there were 56 bacteria isolated from cows uterine lesion with Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% being the prominent isolates; while in camels, there were 45 bacteria isolated with Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6 %, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4% being the most frequently isolated. The result showed that the major isolates were similar with slightly higher in cows. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions: Pathological lesions in reproductive organs in female dromedary camels and cows showed great prevalence, with similarity in bacterial isolates between the two species. The role of each reproductive lesions and bacterial isolates incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

scholarly journals The Assembly of Bacteriophage Functional Enzymatic Models in Association with E. coli Proteins' Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 320-329
Author(s):  
Ayman A Elshayeb ◽  
Amna Elfatih ◽  
Karimeldin MA Salih ◽  
Nada SE Mustafa4
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
T7 Phage

Introduction: The invasion of bacteriophage on the associated host bacterium depends on their receptors' orientation that adsorb them to cell surface. During phage replication a valuable number of proteins acts as lytic enzymes for host puncher at the beginning of the infection and other for burst after lytic cycle compilation. Accordingly, the proteomic relationship among phage and bacterium proteins could easily be studied by their protein profiles analysis. Objective: To detect bacteriophages functional enzymes during lytic cycle. Methods: The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and their parasitic T7 phage group was done using bacterial culture and common plaque assay techniques. The investigations and protein-protein interactions' assays were inveterate by proteins profile of phage and bacterium using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to find out their molecular weights, where the scaled location of each mobile band was compared to the standards of identified proteins weights in the molecular ladder. Thereafter, Protein model's assembly and bands migration was done by computer analytical software. Results: Mobilization of the phage' proteins inside the Two Dimensions (2D) gel ranged between 60 and 12 kDa where a model of 4 main bands with molecular weights of (46, 35, 24 and 14 kDa) is corresponded to the host ones, where pure 9 bands with molecular weight ranged between 96-24 kDa. The computational model analysis showed common shared molecular masses of 47, 34 and 16 kDa on plot area of the phage and the bacterium. Model interpretation confirmed that proteins ranged from 47.7 to 34.3 kDa resembles 43.3% of whole phage's proteins that assembled the capsid head and the coil, while the molecular weight mass of 22.5 formed the tail's proteins. The lytic enzymes' molecular weight was ranged between 18-14 kDa according to the function of the enzyme. The study revealed that the 34 kDa band has the common shared peak between T7 phage group and associated Escherichia coli host. Conclusion: Functional models of analysed proteins during phage assembly, ensures lytic enzymes are built in the capsid head and the lysozyme in the tail, they facilitate the enzymatic decay for bacterial host. This enzymatic function is related to the lytic cycle of the bacteriophages and their phenomenon in employing the bacterial DNA in proteins manufacturing during their replication inside host.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolates from Different Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Ogun State

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. L. Owolabi ◽  
I. A. Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

The alarming increase of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli has posed a great challenge in the public health sector. Thus, this microorganism is a leading cause of different human infections and it can be found in various environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the multiple antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from some hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Isolates of E. coli were obtained from different clinical samples and were re-identified morphologically and biochemically. E. coli was isolated from 30% out of a total of 70 clinical samples analyzed for isolation and identification. The isolation rate of E. coli was highest in urine samples 10(47.6%) when compared to other clinical samples. There was significant increase in the resistance rate of E. coli to tetracycline (14.3%), ceftazidime (14.2%), and ampicillin (14.2%).Also, an increased sensitivity rate to augmentin (71.4%), ofloxacin (66.7%), cefuroxime (66.7%), ciprofloxacin (61.9%) and ceftazidime (61.9%) were observed. Furthermore, the overall multiple drug resistance rates obtained was 14(66.7%) and it was established that, multiple antimicrobial resistance of the E. coli isolates was plasmid mediated. E. coli isolates exhibited high resistance rate to multiple antimicrobial agents, however, its sensitivity to augmentin, ofloxacin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime showed that these antimicrobials are still effective against E. coli infections in the study area.

scholarly journals Sero-Detection of Avian Influenza A/H7 in Nigerian Live-Bird Markets in Plateau State

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
C.N. Chinyere ◽  
E.C. Okwor ◽  
C.A. Meseko ◽  
W.S. Ezema ◽  
N.D. Choji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Live Bird Market ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Keywords Influenza ◽  
Live Bird

Avian influenza has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria since 2006 and subtype H5 of the Gs/Gg lineage has continued to be detected up till date. It has been suggested that waterfowls and local birds sold in live-bird markets may be natural reservoir and source of reinfection of different subtype of avian influenza in poultry farms. This study aims at serodetection of avian influenza virus in waterfowls and local birds at live-bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of three hundred and nine (309) blood samples were  collected over a period of three months and two hundred and ninety-two (292) sera were analysed by c-ELISA for influenza A nucleoprotein using standard protocols. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) specific for subtypes H5, H9, and H7 was also carried out using standard protocols on ELISA positive samples. The results showed seroprevalence of 5.14% (n=15) for influenza A. Serotype H7 was thereafter detected by HI in 5 of the 15 influenza A positive samples. The H7 positive sera also reacted with H7N3, H7N4, H7N1 and H7N7 virus strains with HI titre ranging between 1:32 to 1:512. This investigation for the first time showed serological evidence of influenza A subtype H7 in local birds and waterfowls sold at the live bird market in Nigeria. Further virological surveillance to isolate the virus is important in order to better understand influenza virus epidemiology in Nigeria and the potential risk that other subtypesof influenza poses to poultry production and public health. Keywords: Influenza A, subtype H7, serological detection, live bird market, Nigeria.

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