scholarly journals Risk factors, prevention and control strategies for surgical site infections in veterinary practice in Nigeria - A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
David Eyarefe Oghenemega
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
And Control

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

scholarly journals Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Duy Cuong Do ◽  
Xuan Luat Le ◽  
Thi Hai Dinh ◽  
Mats Lindeborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sharif S. Aly ◽  
Betsy M. Karle ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Gabriele U. Maier ◽  
Sasha Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Management Changes

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, causing the annual loss of more than 1 million animals and financial losses in excess of $700 million. The multiple etiologies of BRD and its complex web of risk factors necessitate a herd-specific intervention plan for its prevention and control on dairies. Hence, a risk assessment is an important tool that producers and veterinarians can utilize for a comprehensive assessment of the management and host factors that predispose calves to BRD. The current study identifies the steps taken to develop the first BRD risk assessment tool and its components, namely the BRD risk factor questionnaire, the BRD scoring system, and a herd-specific BRD control and prevention plan. The risk factor questionnaire was designed to inquire on aspects of calf-rearing including management practices that affect calf health generally, and BRD specifically. The risk scores associated with each risk factor investigated in the questionnaire were estimated based on data from two observational studies. Producers can also estimate the prevalence of BRD in their calf herds using a smart phone or tablet application that facilitates selection of a true random sample of calves for scoring using the California BRD scoring system. Based on the risk factors identified, producers and herd veterinarians can then decide the management changes needed to mitigate the calf herd's risk for BRD. A follow-up risk assessment after a duration of time sufficient for exposure of a new cohort of calves to the management changes introduced in response to the risk assessment is recommended to monitor the prevalence of BRD.

scholarly journals Risk factors and biofilm formation analyses of hospital-acquired infection of Candida pelliculosa in a neonatal intensive care unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Yanjian Li ◽  
Xufang Chen ◽  
Chen Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Candida pelliculosa is an ecological fungal species that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. Numerous studies globally have shown that C. pelliculosa infects neonates. An outbreak recently occurred in our neonatal intensive care unit; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors in this hospital-acquired fungal infection. Methods We performed a case-control study, analysing the potential risk factors for neonatal infections of C. pelliculosa so that infection prevention and control could be implemented in our units. Isolated strains were tested for drug resistance and biofilm formation, important factors for fungal transmission that give rise to hospital-acquired infections. Results The use of three or more broad-spectrum antimicrobials or long hospital stays were associated with higher likelihoods of infection with C. pelliculosa. The fungus was not identified on the hands of healthcare workers or in the environment. All fungal isolates were susceptible to anti-fungal medications, and after anti-fungal treatment, all infected patients recovered. Strict infection prevention and control procedures efficiently suppressed infection transmission. Intact adhesin-encoding genes, shown by genome analysis, indicated possible routes for fungal transmission. Conclusions The use of three or more broad-spectrum antimicrobials or a lengthy hospital stay is theoretically associated with the risk of infection with C. pelliculosa. Strains that we isolated are susceptible to anti-fungal medications, and these were eliminated by treating all patients with an antifungal. Transmission is likely via adhesion to the cell surface and biofilm formation.

High Rates of Streptococcus Agalactiae Clindamycin and Erythromycin Resistance in Vietnamese Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Du ◽  
Pham Thai Dung ◽  
Nguyen Linh Toan ◽  
Can Mao ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Bac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Maternal GBS colonization rates vary depending on geographic area, ethnic and social conditions worldwide. Many studies suggested the continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide decision-making and planning prevention and control strategies. Here, we report the rate and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of GBS from Vietnamese pregnant women over 5 year period. Methods We worked with 3863 Vietnamese pregnant women at < 37 weeks of gestation at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020. The data were recorded and retrieved from the computerized laboratory database. GBS was identified according to the American Society for Microbiology’s guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the VITEK 2 system or E-test strips. The results were calculated according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results The positivity for GBS was 8.02% (310/3863) and the highest resistance rate was to tetracycline 89.66% (234/261), followed by 76.23% (202/265) for erythromycin, 58.21% (156/268) for clindamycin. The multidrug-resistance rate was 59.19% (161/272), and 8.46% (23/272) of isolates were resistant to 6 to 7 of the 12 antibiotics. Resistance to clindamycin in the absence of erythromycin resistance was found in 6/272 (2.2%) samples. The resistance rate to clindamycin was significantly increased (p < 0.01) over the time study period. Nevertheless, all isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin. Conclusion Our results indicate that penicillin and ampicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases for Vietnamese pregnant women. However, antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was high. Thus, it reinforces the need for continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide planning prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Waterborne microorganisms and biofilms related to hospital infections: strategies for prevention and control in healthcare facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Vannucci Capelletti ◽  
Ângela Maria Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
And Control

Water is the main stimulus for the development of microorganisms, and its flow has an important role in the spreading of contaminants. In hospitals, the water distribution system requires special attention since it can be a source of pathogens, including those in the form of biofilms often correlated with resistance of microorganisms to various treatments. In this paper, information relevant to cases of nosocomial infections involving water circuits as a source of contaminants is compiled, with emphasis on the importance of microbiological control strategies to prevent the installation, spreading and growth of microorganisms in hospitals. An overview of the worldwide situation is provided, with emphasis on Brazilian hospitals. Different approaches normally used to control the occurrence of nosocomial infections due to waterborne contaminants are analyzed, and the use of the polysaccharide chitosan for this specific application is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo Regency

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Husni Husni ◽  
Th. B Rahayujati ◽  
S Supargiyono
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
District Health ◽  
And Control ◽  
Malaria Risk Factors

Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo RegencyPurposeThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the program of prevention and control of malaria risk factors in Kulon Progo District in 2016 based on system approach.MethodThis research was evaluation program used mixed methods (sequential explanatory design). Data collected from 7 public health center of active focus malaria and district health office. Respondents were program managers and head of public health center, district program managers, head of control and eradication of communicable diseases, and head of district health offices. The instruments used structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. Quantitative data analysis was descriptive and qualitative data used Miles and Huberman model.Results Most of the availability of human resources, funds, facilities, materials, and methods already meet implementation needs except entomologists, allocation of funds activities other than IRS, time of the implementation of larval fish deployment. Most of the processes that started from the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation have gone well except for planning other than IRS, preparation vector control without entomology database, implementation of environmental management, larviciding, and larval fish deployment. Coverage of LLINs, coverage of IRS, control of LLINs efficacy, and test of vector resistance have met the target, except coverage of larviciding and larval fish deployment was not available.ConclusionPrevention and control program of malaria risk factors has implemented but wasn’t based on entomological data. District health offices should recruit entomologist to support vector control activities.

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