scholarly journals Translation: the puzzle of colour

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Shevchenko ◽  
Irina Tomashevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Physical Sense ◽  
The Given ◽  
Colour Terms ◽  
Typical Colour

This research contributes to the study of colour terms as a cognitive phenomenon. Since colour is not a universal concept and an ordinary mind does not perceive colour separately from the object, it is possible to observe the knowledge about colour, which exists in the lan­guage but does not exist in its physical sense. We hold that the given knowledge is the cause of significant difficulties arising in the translation of various colour terms, though the nature of these terms existence should not be complex in its essence, being a basic phenomenon of the natural world. Moreover, certain ambiguity rises when reference points of colour do not coin­cide with the indirect naming of colours and shades in different languages. Different pairs of languages apparently set their individual spectrum of translation difficulties. We characterise some typical colour-related English into Russian translation difficulties which arise at the cognitive level.

MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Матвеева ◽  
Ekaterina Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Given

Research of foreign experience of enforcing administrative reforms allows to reveal the primary directions of modernization, which laid the basis of changes in public sector of a number of the leading countries. Systematization of the given directions and their comparison to the directions of reforming of system of public administration in the Russian Federation allows to allocate the general and private elements, to prove priority of the realized actions, to formulate priorities and reference points.

scholarly journals ROBUST VISION-BASED POSE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR AN UAV WITH KNOWN GRAVITY VECTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
V. V. Kniaz
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Gravity Vector ◽  
Orientation Estimation ◽  
Vector Direction ◽  
Algorithm Implementation ◽  
The Given

Accurate estimation of camera external orientation with respect to a known object is one of the central problems in photogrammetry and computer vision. In recent years this problem is gaining an increasing attention in the field of UAV autonomous flight. Such application requires a real-time performance and robustness of the external orientation estimation algorithm. The accuracy of the solution is strongly dependent on the number of reference points visible on the given image. The problem only has an analytical solution if 3 or more reference points are visible. However, in limited visibility conditions it is often needed to perform external orientation with only 2 visible reference points. In such case the solution could be found if the gravity vector direction in the camera coordinate system is known. A number of algorithms for external orientation estimation for the case of 2 known reference points and a gravity vector were developed to date. Most of these algorithms provide analytical solution in the form of polynomial equation that is subject to large errors in the case of complex reference points configurations. This paper is focused on the development of a new computationally effective and robust algorithm for external orientation based on positions of 2 known reference points and a gravity vector. The algorithm implementation for guidance of a Parrot AR.Drone 2.0 micro-UAV is discussed. The experimental evaluation of the algorithm proved its computational efficiency and robustness against errors in reference points positions and complex configurations.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC REFERENCE POINTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISES OF TRANSPORT BUILDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF BRANCH TRANSFORMATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1(63)) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
I.V. Bereza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Given ◽  
Industrial Economic

Results of research of dynamics of development of market mutual relations in sector of transport building and influence of efficiency of functioning of the enterprises of transport building on activity of transport area, as major element of national economy of Ukraine are presented. At application of the developed complex toolkit as a whole, the transportno-building organisation will provide increase of economic efficiency of the activity at the expense of increase of degree of validity of the offers under the price and terms of building of object in mutual relations with the customer at the turnkey contract conclusion. Increase of validity of indicators which pay off, in the course of preparation of offers allows to represent accurately to a contract organisation the planned costs on building of object which in turn, gives the chance to guarantee to the customer of data of object under the given price, to the specified term. Performance of the obligations taken on strengthens competitiveness of the building organisation in the market of contract works. The customer, taking into consideration offers of the contractor, really represents the size of investments on building. As a result, the performed works are paid by the building organisation in due time, that allows to work to it(her) more stably. Besides, reception by the building organisation of the size of profit according to the proved calculations, allows to conduct to it(her) necessary building of objects of non-productive appointment, to expand manufacture. Besides, use of separate positions of toolkit at formation of strategic reference points of development of the enterprises of transport building allows to do(make) the analysis of the caused aspects of activity, calculation of the size of necessary financial assets for timely elimination of bottlenecks in is industrial-economic activities.

scholarly journals The development of linguistic and cultural meanings of English colour lexis: dynamics and modern state

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-114
Author(s):  
Alesya A. Gorzhaya ◽  
Timerlan I. Usmanov
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Current State ◽  
Colour Terms ◽  
Explicit Comparison

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of development and the current state of linguacultural meanings in colour terms that are used in English-language women’s prose. In the course of the analysis of the theoretical and methodological material, it has been revealed that the colour terms in the literary text contribute to the fact that the descriptions and pictures drawn by its author are perceived as correctly as possible by the reader, and the latter more accurately perceives the sensations and emotions experienced by the characters at different moments of the story. During the analysis of the corpus of selected contexts (more than 700 fragments) with colour terms (500 units) from the works of fiction of modern women’s prose – criminal literature of the British writer Elizabeth Haynes – a number of features have been established. All the analyzed works are rich in the use of various colours, generally the main ones, and their shades, but there are also other colours. Thematic groups of colour terms include descriptions of the appearance of the main and secondary characters, everyday realia of the surrounding world, phenomena and objects of the natural world, and other abstract notions. Frequently occurring primary colour terms that do not have a transfer of meaning have been distinguished, and less frequent secondary colour terms with a transfer of meaning, and the secondary ones usually had a more complex morphological and syntactic structure. The selected colour terms that describe the appearance of the characters and have a transfer of meaning are divided into two groups, one of which includes colour terms with a metaphorical component, and the other contains colour terms that form transferred epithets. Within the framework of the description of natural phenomena and objects, the authors distinguish fully metaphorized colour terms, partially metaphorized colour terms that include a metaphorized component that does not extend its influence to the other structural elements of the colour term, as well as colour terms represented by an explicit comparison. In general, colour terms fill the work with a deep content, an additional meaning that the author lays down when writing a literary work.

A new perspective on the Basque kopla zaharrak from the Moroccan ayyus

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-363
Author(s):  
Sarali Gintsburg
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Traditional Poetry ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this article I continue reading oral traditional poetry from a cognitive perspective. This time I use findings obtained empirically from my previous research on the living short improvisational poetic genre ayyu from Morocco (Gintsburg 2017, 2019a) and turn my attention to kopla zaharrak, another short oral improvisational poetic genre, which once existed in the Basque Country but is now extinct and almost forgotten. In order to better understand how this genre once functioned, I first apply to it the notions of frames, or topics or themes, and scripts, or possible scenarios manifested at least partly in form of formulaic language, which are triggered by them. The analysis reveals that on the cognitive level kopla zaharrak offer a structure similar to the ayyu, where the first two lines work as a frame and the last two lines as a script. In the second part of my research, I compare examples of kopla zaharrak and ayyus and conclude that, despite obvious cultural and linguistic differences, the way both traditions make use of images of the natural world and connect them to human situations has demonstrable similarities.

Corpus-based analysis of genetically modified seed discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652110232
Author(s):  
Craig Frayne
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Seed Analysis

While ecolinguistics studies interactions between language and the natural world, the theme of genetic modification highlights challenges in developing frameworks for the analysis of ecological discourses. Given the ability of humans to alter life at the molecular level, one could argue that frameworks of anti-essentialism and discursive constructivism have expanded from the cultural and social realms (the traditional focus of discourse analysis) to encompass the natural world. This paper uses multilevel analysis to draw out various dimensions of debates related to genetically modified (GM) seed. Analysis is applied to a web-based corpus using both computational, quantitative methods as well as qualitative critical and interpretive approaches. Keyword analysis, concordance lines, and collocation are used to explore whether sides of the debate are reflected in the semantic structure of the text. Implicature and conceptual blending point to differences at the cognitive level. The analyses give data-based evidence for differing epistemologies, worldviews, and situated contexts that may underlie misunderstandings. Results suggest the multilevel methodology can be an effective way to integrate ecological context into discourse analyses. Findings also lead to a discussion of conceptual frameworks for ecolinguistic discourse analysis.

scholarly journals Language Representation Features of Primary Human Needs in Discourse: a Case Study on Short Prose by A. Solzhenitsyn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Statsenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Life Values ◽  
The Given ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is devoted to the cognitive analysis of linguistic means, representing the primary human needs in extreme conditions. The nominations denoting the concepts of “food” and “warmth” are subjected to the lexico-semantic, grammatical, stylistic consideration. A choice of the discourse for analysis is due to describing a human life in detention when the primary adaptive needs prevail all others and become the most valuable. The representation of human basic biological need in food and warmth is considered in the given contexts. The use of colloquial vocabulary, grammatical norms violation, as well as figurative comparisons and transformed phraseological units in the contexts determine peculiarities of the verbal explication of the concept “food”. The author pays attention to the stylistically reduced vocabulary, which stands out the lexeme “belly”, acquiring new semantic shades in the analyzed fragments. With the nomination of warmth as another important human need for existence, the lexeme “stove” is associated. The paper identifies and analyzes the factors that cause the life values changes at the cognitive level of a person experiencing deprivation of basic biological needs.

scholarly journals HOMO DIGITALIS AND SELF-AWARENESS: TRANSFORMATION, CHALLENGES AND REQUEST A PERSONOLOGICAL UNIQUE SELF

2021 ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
Grigorii L. Tulchinskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Correct Reaction ◽  
The Given ◽  
Radical Transformation ◽  
Research Show

The article aims to comprehend the situation and the humanitarian consequences of the ongoing radical transformation of the entire way of life caused by digitalization. The focus is on the challenge facing human subjectivity. The results of modern neurophysiological research show that self-awareness (as the highest level and essence of subjectivity) is formed as a result of socialization which is accompanied by communication in a narratological format. This makes it possible to clarify the content of such concepts as consciousness, self-awareness, freedom, as well as to identify the role of responsibility in the formation of the corresponding phenomena. Analysis shows that mastering the first-person narration of experience plays a key role in shaping responsibility/freedom. The narrative approach turns out to be important both in the analysis of the phenomenology of consciousness and in the analysis of the historical evolution of mankind. It is this circumstance that is crucial in understanding the prospects for homo digitalis. The modern «mega-machine» civilization synthesizes the living and non-living, the biological and mechanical into a single digital ecosystem. This ecosystem displaces not only the natural world but also its perception, the very experience of going through some experience «in the first person». The volumes of information and the speed of its transmission and processing leave no room for reflection. A person is required to provide not comprehension and reasoning but a «correct» reaction, the activation of options that launch the given algorithms. It is actually about a transition to signal communication and «new animality». Homo digitalis becomes not an independent part of this system but its option: a tool and a product. The article provides generalization of the horizon of such prospects: both the loss of subjectivity in digital codes and its being in demand. The analysis performed allows us to outline the content of humanitarian expertise not only of the consequences of digital technologies but also of their development and implementation.

scholarly journals Multiobjective dynamic programming in bipolar multistage method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Trzaskalik
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Multistage Process ◽  
Optimality Principle ◽  
Hierarchical Classes ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Optimality Equations ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
The Given

AbstractThe multicriteria Bipolar method can be extended and used to control multicriteria, multistage decision processes. In this extension, at each stage of the given multistage process two sets of reference points are determined, constituting a reference system for the evaluation of stage alternatives. Multistage alternatives, which are compositions of stage alternatives, are assigned to one of six predefined hierarchical classes and then ranked. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of finding the best multistage alternative, using Bellman’s optimality principle and optimality equations. Of particular importance is a theorem on the non-dominance of the best multistage alternative, proven here. The methodology proposed allows to avoid reviewing each multistage alternative, which is important in large-size problems. The method is illustrated by a numerical example and a brief description of the sustainable regional development problem. The problem can be solved by means of the proposed procedure.

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