Corpus-based analysis of genetically modified seed discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652110232
Author(s):  
Craig Frayne
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Seed Analysis

While ecolinguistics studies interactions between language and the natural world, the theme of genetic modification highlights challenges in developing frameworks for the analysis of ecological discourses. Given the ability of humans to alter life at the molecular level, one could argue that frameworks of anti-essentialism and discursive constructivism have expanded from the cultural and social realms (the traditional focus of discourse analysis) to encompass the natural world. This paper uses multilevel analysis to draw out various dimensions of debates related to genetically modified (GM) seed. Analysis is applied to a web-based corpus using both computational, quantitative methods as well as qualitative critical and interpretive approaches. Keyword analysis, concordance lines, and collocation are used to explore whether sides of the debate are reflected in the semantic structure of the text. Implicature and conceptual blending point to differences at the cognitive level. The analyses give data-based evidence for differing epistemologies, worldviews, and situated contexts that may underlie misunderstandings. Results suggest the multilevel methodology can be an effective way to integrate ecological context into discourse analyses. Findings also lead to a discussion of conceptual frameworks for ecolinguistic discourse analysis.

Quantitative Methods for Measuring Neighborhood Characteristics in Neighborhood Health Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T. Duncan ◽  
William C. Goedel ◽  
Rumi Chunara
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristic ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Information Retrieval Methods ◽  
Online Sources

Research connecting neighborhoods and health has characterized neighborhood factors in multiple ways. This chapter discusses standard and emerging methods to measure and study neighborhood characteristics. In particular, this chapter provides an overview of neighborhood characteristic assessment methods, including self-report, systematic social observation, geographic information system (GIS) methods, Web-based geospatial methods, real-time geospatial methods, crowd-sourced geospatial methods, and information retrieval methods from online sources such as Instagram and Twitter. This chapter also discusses the strengths and limitations of each neighborhood characteristic assessment method (e.g., ease of administration, validity), and readers are provided with examples of each neighborhood assessment method applied in the epidemiology and population health literature.

scholarly journals Idea Management and Web-Based Idea Management Systems Situation and Potential in Latvia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Elīna Miķelsone ◽  
Elita Lielā
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Idea Management

Abstract Idea management and web-based idea management systems application situation and potential in Latvia have been identified by applying qualitative and quantitative methods – community survey and expert interviews. It has been found that there is a tendency in Latvia that ideas in the organisations are generated within the frame of the same groups of people and there is no definite idea management system or effective idea management. It is important to stress that the results of the research also show that web-based idea management systems are not widely used in Latvia, but there is a perspective to apply them in private, public and academic sectors. Perspective areas to apply web-based IMS are cultivation of open and user-driven innovation, encouragement of civic participation, contribution to public communication and a wide range of creative cultural promotion.

Quantifying genetic variation at the molecular level

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Asher D. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Site Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Population Genetic Variation

Chapter 3, “Quantifying genetic variation at the molecular level,” introduces quantitative methods for measuring variation directly in DNA sequences to help decipher fundamental properties of populations and what they can tell us about evolution. It provides an overview of the evolutionary factors that contribute to genetic variation, like mutational input, effective population size, genetic drift, migration rate, and models of migration. This chapter surveys the principal ways to measure and summarize polymorphisms within a single population and across multiple populations of a species, including heterozygosity, nucleotide polymorphism estimators of θ‎, the site frequency spectrum, and F ST, and by providing illustrative natural examples. Populations are where evolution starts, after mutations arise as the spark of population genetic variation, and Chapter 3 describes how to quantify the variation to connect observations to predictions about how much polymorphism there ought to be under different circumstances.

Boosting L2 Listening Comprehension Through Web-Based Listening Activities on Reduced Forms

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Kaine Gulozer
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Web Based ◽  
L2 Listening ◽  
L2 Perception ◽  
Reduced Forms

In the field of second language (L2) perception, there is a common adherence to quantitative methods to examine reduced forms (RFs). This chapter extends the field by reporting on an investigation that analyzed L2 listeners' perceptions of RFs in English from a qualitative perspective. RFs instruction through web-based activities was delivered to a total of 80 learners of English of varying proficiency for five weeks. Twenty participants reflected on their performance on RFs listening tasks and provided justifications for their perceptions of the target RFs. Qualitative analysis revealed that the RFs that influenced L2 learners' perceptions of RFs were linking, pause phenomena, and assimilation. The results of using such qualitative methodology highlights the important role that RFs plays in perception judgements in syllable-timed languages such as Turkish, a factor which has not always been given much prominence in previous L2 fluency quantitative research.

scholarly journals Detection of Genetic Modification in Cured Tobacco Leaf: Proficiency Testing Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Methods

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-707
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Gadani ◽  
Martin Ward ◽  
Sue Black ◽  
Neil Harris ◽  
David McDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA; Paris, France) Task Force Genetically Modified TobaccoDetection Methods investigated the performance of qualitative and quantitative methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection and quantitation of genetically modified (GM) tobacco. In the 4 successful rounds of proficiency testing, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter (CaMV 35S) and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase terminator (NOS) were selected as target sequences. Blind-coded reference materials containing from 0.1 to 5.0% and from 0.15 to 4% GM tobacco were used in 2 rounds of qualitative and quantitative PCR, respectively. Eighteen laboratories from 10 countries participated in this study. Considering all methods and 2 rounds, the different laboratories were able to detect GM tobacco at the 0.1% level in 46 out of 58 tests in qualitative assays. The results of the proficiency test indicate that both end point screening and real-time quantitative methods are suitable for the detection of genetically modified organisms in tobacco leaf samples having a GM content of 0.1% or higher. The CORESTA proficiency study represents a first step towards the interlaboratory evaluation of accuracy and precision of PCR-based GM tobacco detection, which may lead to the harmonization of analytical procedures and to the enhancement of comparability of testing results produced by different laboratories.

scholarly journals Tendency for Interlaboratory Precision in the GMO Analysis Method Based on Real-Time PCR

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 734-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kodama ◽  
Yasunori Kurosawa ◽  
Kazumi Kitta ◽  
Shigehiro Naito
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Method Performance

Abstract The Horwitz curve estimates interlaboratory precision as a function only of concentration, and is frequently used as a method performance criterion in food analysis with chemical methods. The quantitative biochemical methods based on real-time PCR require an analogous criterion to progressively promote method validation. We analyzed the tendency of precision using a simplex real-time PCR technique in 53 collaborative studies of seven genetically modified (GM) crops. Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) and repeatability standard deviation (Sr) of the genetically modified organism (GMO) amount () was more or less independent of GM crops (i.e., maize, soybean, cotton, oilseed rape, potato, sugar beet, and rice) and evaluation procedure steps. Some studies evaluated whole steps consisting of DNA extraction and PCR quantitation, whereas others focused only on the PCR quantitation step by using DNA extraction solutions. Therefore, SR and Sr for GMO amount () are functions only of concentration similar to the Horwitz curve. We proposed SR 0.1971C0.8685 and Sr 0.1478C0.8424, where C is the GMO amount (). We also proposed a method performance index in GMO quantitative methods that is analogous to the Horwitz Ratio.

A wide-spectrum coordination model of schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Hendrik Pieter Barendregt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Coordination Model ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Important Notion

AbstractThe target article presents a model for schizophrenia extending four levels of abstraction: molecules, cells, cognition, and syndrome. An important notion in the model is that of coordination, applicable to both the level of cells and of cognition. The molecular level provides an “implementation” of the coordination at the cellular level, which in turn underlies the coordination at the cognitive level, giving rise to the clinical symptoms.

Counter-discourse corpora, ethical subjectivity and critique of argument

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran O’Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Argument Evaluation ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Ethical Subjectivity

In the article, I model an alternative critical discourse analysis (CDA) pedagogy which is based on an ethical subjectivity instead of a political subjectivity. Aimed at undergraduates, it facilitates critical purchase on arguments which attack the standpoint of relatively powerless groups/organizations (who seek political change). Via corpus linguistic analysis of appropriate web-based data, I show how the analyst can rigorously find out at scale the recurrent key concerns of a relatively powerless Other with whom they were previously unfamiliar. They use this counter-discourse information as a lens on an argument which criticises the relatively powerless group, ascertaining whether or not the argument has distorted the group’s key concerns. Should this be the case, I highlight how the analyst can go on to explore whether any mischaracterisation has implications for the argument’s credibility because it loses coherence relative to the outlook of the Other. The approach is grounded in Jacques Derrida’s ‘ethics of hospitality to the Other’. It is in being hospitable to the outlook of a relatively powerless Other, and adopting it for purposes of argument evaluation, that the analyst effectively creates an ethical subjectivity. That said, the ethical and political are, in principle, relatable with this method as I indicate.

Counter-discourse corpora, ethical subjectivity and critique of argument: An alternative critical discourse analysis pedagogy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-813 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Argument Evaluation ◽  
Ethical Subjectivity ◽  
Online Comments ◽  
Text Cohesion

In the article I model an alternative critical discourse analysis (CDA) pedagogy which is based on an ethical subjectivity instead of a political subjectivity. Aimed at undergraduates, it facilitates critical purchase on arguments which attack the standpoint of relatively powerless groups/organizations (who seek political change). Via corpus linguistic analysis of appropriate web-based data, I show how the analyst can rigorously find out at scale the recurrent key concerns of a relatively powerless Other with whom they were previously unfamiliar. They use this counter-discourse information as a lens on an argument which criticises the relatively powerless group, ascertaining whether or not the argument has distorted the group’s key concerns. Should this be the case, I highlight how the analyst can go on to explore whether any mischaracterisation has implications for the argument’s credibility because it loses coherence relative to the outlook of the Other. The approach is grounded in Jacques Derrida’s ‘ethics of hospitality to the Other’. It is in being hospitable to the outlook of a relatively powerless Other, and adopting it for purposes of argument evaluation, that the analyst effectively creates an ethical subjectivity. That said, the ethical and political are, in principle, relatable with this method as I indicate. Keywords: absences; argumentation; change.org; corpus linguistics; counter-discourse; critical discourse analysis; ethical subjectivity; Jacques Derrida; online comments; text cohesion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Modified PCR Quantitation of Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean Using Reference Molecules: Interlaboratory Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kodama ◽  
Hideo Kuribara ◽  
Yasutaka Minegishi ◽  
Satoshi Futo ◽  
Masatoshi Watai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Reference Plasmid ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantitative methods were previously developed and validated for genetically modified (GM) maize or soy. In this study, the quantification step of the validated methods was modified, and an interlaboratory study was conducted. The modification included the introduction of the PCR system SSIIb 3 instead of SSIIb 1 for the detection of the taxon-specific sequence of maize, as well as the adoption of colE1 as a carrier included in a reference plasmid solution as a replacement for salmon testis. The interlaboratory study was conducted with the ABI PRISM<sup/> 7700 and consisted of 2 separate stages: (1) the measurement of conversion factor (Cf) value, which is the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence to taxon-specific sequence in each genuine GM seed, and (2) the quantification of blind samples. Additionally, Cf values of other instruments, such as the ABI PRISM 7900 and the ABI PRISM 7000, were measured in a multilaboratory trial. After outlier laboratories were eliminated, the repeatability and reproducibility for 5.0 samples were <15.8 and 20.6, respectively. The quantitation limits of these methods were 0.5 for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.1 for GA21, Event176, and RR soy. The quantitation limits, trueness, and precision of the current modified methods were equivalent to those of the previous methods. Therefore, it was concluded that the modified methods would be a suitable replacement for the validated methods.

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