scholarly journals Flynn effect: Generation growth of IQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Igor Vujović ◽  
Đorđe Petronić
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Flynn Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Primary Family ◽  
Iq Tests

In the 1980-s, the attention of the public was attracted by the research of James Flynn, who noticed something interesting - as the time went by, respondents achieved higher scores in the IQ tests. According to his research, as well as the researches of the authors who were engaged in the subject, the observed increase was 4.4 points per decade on average. These increases varied across different environments, however, in almost every country where research was conducted the point increases in IQ tests were observed. In addition to the observed increases in the IQ tests, it was also necessary to uncover the reasons for such results. The aim of the study is to present the results of the empirical research confirming this phenomenon, as well as to provide some possible explanations related to its occurrance. The relevant literature have singled out education, test exposure, nutrition and health care, reduction in the number of primary family members and heterosis as the possible reasons for the above-mentioned point increases.

scholarly journals A Neglected Dimension of Medical Tourism Destination Impacts: A Synthesis of Observations and Convictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Sindhu Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor

Medical tourism based on transnational journeys for health care, cure, and well-being is being widely discussed in the literature. As a fast-developing phenomenon, there are different views and perspectives on the concerns of medical tourists and various impacts created in destination areas. This paper critically observes the exertions of medical tourism on destination areas in the light of economic and socio-cultural influences. This paper tries to bring out the muddles of the phenomenon based on empirical research. The paper suggests that the socio-cultural impact of medical tourism on the health care of the poor local people must be viewed seriously and calls for rigid and efficient legislation from the authorities to enable and strengthen the public healthcare system.

scholarly journals Experiences of Social Stigma Among Patients Tested Positive for COVID-19 and Their Family Members: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chii Chii Chew ◽  
Xin Jie Lim ◽  
Chee Tao Chang ◽  
Philip Rajan ◽  
Nordin Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Social stigma against persons infected with COVID-19 is not uncommon. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of social stigma among COVID-19 positive patients and their family members. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April to June 2020 in Malaysia. Patients recovered from COVID-19 for at least one month and their family members who were tested with negative results, Malaysian and aged 18-65 years old were purposively sampled. Cold call method was employed to recruit patients while their family members were recruited by their recommendations. Telephone interviews were conducted with the participants after obtaining their verbal consent.Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews: (Ι) experience of stigmatization, (ΙΙ) perspective on disease disclosure, and (ΙΙΙ) suggestion of coping and reducing stigma. The participants expressed their experiences of being isolated, labelled, stereotyped and blamed by the people surrounding them including the health care providers, neighbours, and staff at the service counters. Some respondents expressed their willingness to share their experience with others as a mean to stop the chain of virus transmission and while some of them chose to disclose the encountered history for official purpose because of fear and lack of understanding among the public. As suggested by the respondents, the approaches in addressing social stigma required the involvement of the government, the public, health care provider, and religious leader. Conclusion: Individuals recovered from COVID-19 and their families underwent experience of social stigma. Fear and lack of public understanding of the COVID-19 disease were the key factors for non-disclosure. Some expressed their willingness to share the experience and perceived it as method to increase public awareness and thereby reducing stigma. Multifaceted approaches with the involvement of multiple parties including the government, non-governmental organization as well as the general public were recommended as important measures to address the issues of social stigma.

The varieties of ethical experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rosan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Precise Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Ways Of Being

This article offers original phenomenological descriptions of empathy, sympathy, and compassion. These descriptions are based on empirical research, and they sample the variety of ways the subject may respond to the suffering of another person. The structure of these different, but similar ways of being are then taken up as clues hinting at a sensibility bearing on the formation of an ethical life. This sensibility is essentially twofold in character. On the one hand, a pairing of the perceived similarities between subject and other opens the subject to a resonance with the humanity of the other. On the other hand, the other’s expressive life awakens the subject’s interest in wanting to know the meaning of these expressions for the other or calls forth a caring regard for the well-being of the other. The ways of being represented by empathy, sympathy, and compassion may be viewed as different ways of organizing or rendering a precise form to the constitutive strands of the aforementioned sensibility. The relevant literature in phenomenology and ethics is commented on as it informs the discussion, but is kept to a minimum.

Between Inclusion and Participation: Young Carers Who Are Absent From School

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Kaiser ◽  
Gisela C. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Work ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Young Carers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Work And Health

In discussions of inclusion and exclusion, one often-neglected group at high risk of exclusion is that of school absentees. Researchers and the public normally focus on truants and school refusers, whereas students absent from school to take care of family members, or young carers, have received little attention so far. Because of the multicausal factors and extensive impacts of the phenomenon, research on both school absentees and young carers suggests a need for interdisciplinary approaches. Yet, these approaches for support do not always succeed. This study investigated the interdisciplinary cooperation of those professionals in education, social work, and health care who work with young carers absent from school. It identified both barriers to and facilitators of this important cooperation. The aim is to create better support for the inclusion of this unnoticed group and to increase awareness of their situation among the professionals working with them.

Medical regulation for the public interest in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
William Roche
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Regulation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject

Regulation of the medical profession has a long history in the United Kingdom but a number of high profile failures of National Health Service (NHS) organisations to deliver safe health care and the unlawful killing of more than 200 patients by one rogue doctor have led to a clamour for change. Many of these tragedies have been the subject of public inquiries and have created significant public disquiet about the role and effectiveness of the medical regulator. United Kingdom governments have responded to these inquiries by means of a combination of strengthening professional regulation and the introduction of new mechanisms of appeal against the sanctions imposed on doctors by tribunals. The historical development of medical regulation is reviewed and the more recent changes to address the public interest and crises in the confidence in the regulation of health care are described.

scholarly journals Public-Private Partnership Evaluation Models: Perspectives from the Public Governance to Defend the Public Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 57-83
Author(s):  
Nyalle Barboza Matos ◽  
Andréa de Oliveira Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
The Subject

The widespread use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) has resulted in the identification of a number of issues related to lack of governance and inefficient assessments of the quality of service provided.  In this context, the objective of this research is to identify the characteristics and conditions used to implement governance mechanisms that ensure the public interest in existing PPP contracts.  Based on previous governance research, this study integratively categorized nine governance mechanisms based on the three principles established by the OECD (2012): Clear and Legitimate Institutional Framework; Rationale for proper VfM assessment and Transparent and Healthy Budget Process. The contribution of this research is to systematize the relevant literature on the subject, clarifying the complexity of these issues and offering new theoretical insights to identify the characteristics and conditions used as Value for Money governance and valuation mechanisms, capable of making a difference in the success and evaluation of PPPs in the public interest aspect.  

scholarly journals Organisational culture and safety: an interdependent relationship

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Clark
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
System Failures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Care Safety

Since the early 1990s,a body of evidence regarding the lack of quality in health care has emerged in many countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the United States of America. It has brought the subject of health care safety to the top of the policy agenda and the forefront of the public debate worldwide. Studies show not only that failure of quality occurs, but also that it inflicts harm and wastes resources on a large scale. Experts in risk management, both within and outside the health care industry, emphasize system failures and system-driven errors over direct human error, and accentuate the crucial role that organisational culture plays in ensuring safety. Examination of the interrelationship between culture and safety in organisations demonstrates that organisational relationships influence both culture and safety and that effective two-way communication is pivotal to the success of the development of a corporate 'safety culture'.

‘Unmentionable’ condoms vs. ‘glamorous’ pills: How the London Rubber Company tackled an image problem in 1960s Britain

2021 ◽  
pp. 2046147X2110140
Author(s):  
Jessica Borge
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S

This article responds to a special call for papers on the subject of ‘Taboos in Health Communication: Stigma, Silence and Voice’ and presents the historic case study of the London Rubber Company, manufacturers of Durex condoms, who used PR techniques to undermine confidence in the oral contraceptive pill over 1961–1965. It is argued that continuities between the public discussion of birth control products between the 1960s and today can help practitioners to better understand the nature and uses of ‘fake news’, secrecy and transparency and the productive possibilities of rumour. It is written from the perspective of an empirical research historian with an interest in historical cases of PR relating to contraception, using a qualitative, chronological approach based on original archival research.

Mea Culpa: Apology Legislation, Accountability and Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-769
Author(s):  
Karine Levasseur ◽  
Fiona MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Accountability Mechanism ◽  
Potential Impact

AbstractIncreasingly, jurisdictions are adopting “apology legislation” that allow medical professionals to apologize to patients and family members when an adverse event occurs while disallowing the introduction of the apology in a liability case as evidence of fault or liability. While apology legislation itself is fairly straightforward, its potential meaning and impact is much more complex. This paper conceptualizes apology legislation from an accountability and ethics of care perspective. These two concepts—accountability and care—are distinct but interrelated concepts and this dual theoretical approach offers a rich analysis on the potential impact(s) of apology legislation. We argue that apology legislation is a mechanism added to the existing accountability regime that can offer important opportunities to express and practise care. As an accountability mechanism, apology legislation creates space for an accountability relationship to emerge between medical professionals and their patients. Apology legislation also addresses long-standing gaps in how we as a society think about health care and respond to patients and families in ways that challenge the dominant “consumer of services” role. It is in this sense that apology legislation has the potential to destabilize traditional notions of social citizenship. Last, we argue that empirical research is urgently needed to know to what degree apologies contribute to accountability and the transformation of health care.

Views from the Inside, Part 1: Routes to Diagnosis — Families' Experience of Living with a Child with Arthritis

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Britton ◽  
Ann Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Outpatient Appointments ◽  
The Impact

This is the first of a trilogy of articles that presents the experiences and perspectives of 46 families about what it is like to live with and care for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). An independent professional recruited the children from a random sample of families who attended consecutive outpatient appointments at the juvenile arthritis clinic and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Qualitative and quantitative data from self-completion questionnaires, transcripts from semi-structured interviews with family members in their homes, family-filmed video diaries, and diaries written by siblings and children with arthritis were analysed. These different types of data were gathered over 18 months in order to collect information about the fluctuating nature of this disease and the impact of this changeability on family members. Part 1 concentrates on a brief presentation of relevant literature, presents a simplified map of the findings and introduces the families' early experiences of seeking and coping with the diagnosis of JIA. The article explores the myth that arthritis only affects elderly and infirm people, explains the mirage effect and discusses the significance of different routes to diagnosis. The majority of the families felt that these early events had a significant, sometimes considerable, impact upon how they coped later, including how they related subsequently to health care professionals and engaged with continuing prescribed health care programmes. The findings report the families' experiences as recipients of health care by many different professionals and relate to their recollection and interpretation of events. Research into the professionals' perspectives would be illuminating but did not fall within the scope of the present study. The experiences of families of children with arthritis are shared by families of children with other chronic conditions and by other carers and service users.

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