scholarly journals The formulation of the idea of justice in the "poem on justice"

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-741
Author(s):  
Željko Kaluđerović
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
Philosophical Consideration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

As one of the most important principles of forming of social relations, Hesiod emphasizes the principle of justice. He places the idea of justice into the very core of life, because it is in this idea that he finds the root out of which a different world and a better one is to be born. Hesiod's idea of justice is manifested as a need for strengthening the relation of equivalence when it is stable and adequate, and for its establishing in case it is disbalanced and inadequate. The presence of justice at all levels, from the highest metaphysical one, all the way to the relations within the practical sphere, shows that it can be considered as a mighty deity, as a cosmic principle, but also as a legitimate basis of comprehensive human action. In Hesiod's writings it is finally suggested that there is a difference between the order of causality of irrational nature and the order of duties of morality, actually between bia on one hand and nomos and dike on the other. Believing that living beings can not disturb the order of bia, while humans can disturb the order of dike, Hesiod postulates the difference which will be crucial for the later philosophical consideration of the field of praxis.

scholarly journals Aesthetics and Creativity. Identity Configurations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Durac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Human Attitude ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
The Way

Reflecting on human attitude towards reality, together with deciphering the emotional code that accompanies it, has configured - in time – the aesthetic universe, open to human reflection, creation, and evaluation. Aesthetics appears through the way in which consciousness reacts and capitalises upon things in nature and society, or which belong to human subjectivity, including on artistic work, which have an effect on sensitiveness due to their harmony, balance and grandeur. As a fundamental attribute of the human being, creativity is the engine of cultural evolution, meaning the degree of novelty that man brings in his ideas, actions, and creations. Aesthetical values, together with the other types of values, contribute to what society represents and to what it can become, hence motivating human action and creation. Their role is to create a state of mind that encourages the cohesion, cooperation, and mutual understanding of the society. Integrating a chronological succession of the evolution of the concepts that objectify its structure, its aesthetics and creativity, this article stresses the synergetic nature of the two dimensions of human personality, paving the way to beauty, as a form of enchantment of the human spirit.

scholarly journals PRASANGKA: POTENSI PEMICU KONFLIK INTERNAL UMAT ISLAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alfandi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way ◽  
Islamic Organizations

<p class="IIABSBARU">This study is about the potential prejudice sparked internal conflict of Muslims, especially between the group Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and the Council of Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA) in Surakarta. Lately there is a conflict between NU and the MTA congregation. MTA is questioned by NU in some areas because of the materials and methods of preaching/dakwah considered to be provocative and less likely to appreciate the difference fiqhiyah and abusive deeds done by NU. From the reason above, the conflict between these two Islamic organizations appeared. One of the triggers that caused the internal conflict among Muslims is the certain group of Muslims can not understand well the other religious groups, which have different ideological backgrounds; that it affects the way of thinking, behaving and acting that are different from themselves. As a result, the internal relations marred by religious conflict, caused by the internal religious prejudice. Similarly, the possibility that occurred among the group of NU and MTA.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Penelitian ini adalah tentang potensi memicu prasangka konflik internal umat Islam, terutama antara kelompok Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA) di Surakarta. Akhir-akhir ini ada konflik antara NU dan jemaat MTA. MTA dipertanyakan/diperdebatkan oleh NU di beberapa daerah karena bahan dan metode dakwah/dakwah dianggap/cenderung provokatif dan cenderung tidak menghargai perbedaan <em>fiqhiyah</em> dengan perbuatan kasar yang dilakukan oleh NU. Dari alasan di atas, konflik antara kedua organisasi Islam telah terjadi/ muncul. Salah satu pemicu yang menyebabkan konflik internal di kalangan umat Islam adalah kelompok tertentu umat Islam tidak bisa memahami dengan baik kelompok agama lain, yang memiliki latar belakang ideologi yang berbeda, se­hingga mempengaruhi cara berpikir, bersikap dan bertindak yang berbeda dari diri mereka sendiri. Akibatnya, hubungan internal yang dirusak oleh konflik agama, disebabkan oleh prasangka keagamaan internal. Demikian pula, ke­mungkin­an yang terjadi di antara kelompok NU dan MTA.

scholarly journals State, law, realm of freedom (practical-philosophical themes of the later Fichte)

2003 ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Danilo Basta
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
State Law ◽  
Philosophical Consideration ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

Fichte's theory of the state, comprising and integral part of his practical philosophy, is built on the key premises of his metaphysics. Therefore the clarification of this problem in Fichte's later philosophy intends to point, on one hand, to a representative metaphysical project of the state with great speculative power, and on the other to a way of thinking about the state which is today taken to be anachronistic, unscientific, outdated, and hence worthy of being mentioned as a "negative example". Though these qualifications should not be totally discarded or questioned in advance, revisiting Fichte's late metaphysics of the state is philosophically productive even in our times. Nowadays it can be extremely helpful to anyone who has not yet been trodden over by a scientific political science and whose cognitive interest is still sufficiently open for a strongly philosophical consideration of the state, who wishes to philosophically enrich or sharpens his/her view of the state. Although Fichte's theory of the state is unified and coherent, it underwent - especially in its last phase - a significant transformation. It was so much visible that the state is relegated to the background even terminologically. In Fichte's later philosophy the keyword is no longer the state but the "realm of freedom". The state is here talked about intentionally, as it were, always with a glance aimed at this realm, at the possibility and prospects for its establishment. Although this terminological and cognitive primacy of the realm of freedom pushed the state into the background, it was not denied any importance. On the contrary, on the way to freedom the state is for Fichte an important point of development that must be passed. And precisely in this transiency lies its inevitability. .

How to put yourself in someone else’s shoes: The role of point-of-view in the interpretation of mixed messages

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Nikos Vergis
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mixed Messages ◽  
Communicative Role ◽  
The Way

AbstractDoes having a communicative role other than the speaker’s make a difference to the way pragmatic meaning is construed? Standard paradigms in interpersonal pragmatics have implicitly assumed a speaker-centric perspective over the years, however modern approaches have re-considered the role of listener evaluations. In the present study, I examine whether assuming different communicative roles (speaker, listener, observer) results in varying interpretations. A web-based experiment revealed that participants who took the perspective of different characters in short stories differed in the way they interpreted what the speaker meant. In most cases, participants in the role of the listener interpreted speaker meaning in more negative ways than participants in the other roles. The present study suggests that the directionality of the difference (negative inferences under the listener’s perspective) could be explained by taking into account affective factors.

scholarly journals Spiritual Ecology: On the Way to Ecological Existentialism

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Sam Mickey
Keyword(s):  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Ecology ◽  
Religion And Ecology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

Spiritual ecology is closely related to inquiries into religion and ecology, religion and nature, and religious environmentalism. This article presents considerations of the unique possibilities afforded by the idea of spiritual ecology. On one hand, these possibilities include problematic tendencies in some strands of contemporary spirituality, including anti-intellectualism, a lack of sociopolitical engagement, and complicity in a sense of happiness that is captured by capitalist enclosures and consumerist desires. On the other hand, spiritual ecology promises to involve an existential commitment to solidarity with nonhumans, and it gestures toward ways of knowing and interacting that are more inclusive than what is typically conveyed by the term “religion.” Much work on spiritual ecology is broadly pluralistic, leaving open the question of how to discern the difference between better and worse forms of spiritual ecology. This article affirms that pluralism while also distinguishing between the anti-intellectual, individualistic, and capitalistic possibilities of spiritual ecology from varieties of spiritual ecology that are on the way to what can be described as ecological existentialism or coexistentialism.

scholarly journals Măştile Blagiene: O Perspectivă Asupra Mitului Dramatic – Contururi De Formă Şi Fond

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Alina Maria Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Mircea Eliade ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe following article concentrates on the analysis between the elements that appear in Lucian Blaga’s theatre. In foreground, it is put the relationship between the playwright and the idea of „dramatic myth”. On the other hand, it is described the way in which the tragic dimension affects the characters of each play, their struggle with suffering and the way they look to religion. Also, it is talked about the difference between the terms „drama”and „theatre”and also, „tragedy”and „tragic”. There are brought different opinions of literary critics, such as Eugen Todoran or Constantin Cubleşan, alongside with other references from writers and filosofers – Mircea Eliade, I. Kant etc. At the end of the study, it is talked about the parallel between the ancient theatre of greeks and the modern theatre of nowadays – especially on the fact that Lucian Blaga’s theatre acts better in the contemporary epoch than in the traditional one.

‘Irresistible Impulse’ and Moral Responsibility

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 99-134
Author(s):  
Susan Khin Zaw
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Moral Appraisal ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference

Should the insane and the mentally ill be held morally responsible for their actions? To answer ‘No’ to this question is to classify the mentally abnormal as not fully human: and indeed legal tradition has generally oscillated between assimilating the insane to brutes and assimilating them to children below the age of discretion, neither of these two categories being accountable in law for what they do. In what respect relevant to moral responsibility were the insane held to resemble brutes and children? In the case of brutes, the answer seems to have been that the doings of the insane appeared to lack whatever it is that marks out human actions as distinctively human. What the insane did could not be thought of as issuing from deliberation, or as capable of having issued from deliberation, but seemed rather to be the result of the unbridled operation of nature — if a diseased nature. The natural comparison with insane killings seemed to be, for example, the killing of birds by cats. This distinction between animal doings and human actions does not depend on Cartesian views about the workings of animals; the operation of nature need not be thought of as mechanical. The thought is simply that where there is no room for deliberation there is no room for moral appraisal. Children, on the other hand, though capable of distinctively human action — i.e. of deliberating about what they do — were held not to be capable of the relevant kind of deliberation: for they were held ‘not to know the difference between right and wrong’.

Media en Minderheden

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Wasif Shadid
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Research in both Europe and America indicates that the way in which mass communication deals with ethnic minorities contributes directly and indirectly to the diffusion and the maintenance of prejudice against these groups. These are generally projected as problem categories in cultural and in socioeconomic sense. In this article we pay attention to the causes and functions of prejudice and especially to the role of mass communication media in this regard. Furthermore, attention is paid to the possibilities of and the extent to which the media can succeed in fighting against such negative attitudes towards the groups concerned. In this regard, a distinction is made between preventive and interven-tive strategies. Based on certain theories of social psychology on attitude forming and on the use and absorption of information it is concluded that though manipulation of attitude is not easily achieved, it is nevertheless possible. Various experi-ments in similar fields show that, under certain conditions, the supply of informa-tion through an adequate intervention strategy of the media can to some extent generate attitude change in the desired direction. However, such a positive result can only be achieved (1) if the basic thoughts underlying the prejudice concerned can be accurately identified; (2) if the difference between the information provided on the one hand and the existing information on the other is neither too weak nor too strong; (3) if the relevant information is provided by prominent persons and media in society; and (4) if the intended message emphasizes the positive rather than the negative similarities between minorities and the other groups. Because of the complexity of such an intervention process it is doubtfull whether the media can actually play an effective role in this context. Consequently, being attentive to the way in which the media provide information about the groups concerned is a more appropriate strategy in preventing the diffusion of prejudice. In this article, some relevant suggestions in this regard have been discussed.

Intersubjektive Sinnkonstitution und Sozialstruktur Zur Kritik handlungstheoretischer Ansätze der Soziologie / The constitution of meaning by subjects and the social structure On the critique of action-concepts in sociology

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Berger
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Action Pattern ◽  
Basic Term ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Mode Of Production ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn contrast to the usual attempts to attach the difference between an action-theoretical sociology and MARX’s theory on divergent themes and interests, this paper is searching for the decisive distinction of both approaches in the way of concept formation. Here the important question is if and where the perception of actors is entering the concepts of sociology. The diverse answer to this question leads to two concepts of social structure : to normatively supported action pattern on the one hand, to a mode of production on the other.Finally, the formation of a sociological basic term, orientated on the idea of modes of production, is shown by the example of the class concept.

The Defence of Necessity

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome E. Rickenbach
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Defence ◽  
The Way

The defence of necessity has had a long, though confused, legal career. Like self-defence, consent, duress, insanity and mistake of law, necessity is rooted in moral intuitions about when conduct which causes harm to another's person or property is not wrong, or should be tolerated, permitted or praised. If a man is literally starving to death and steals a loaf of bread, we are reluctant to say that his extreme circumstances should make no difference at all to the way we treat him at trial. And if two men, adrift at sea, are clinging to a log which can only support the weight of one, we are once again reluctant to say that if one pushes the other off the log, it is just a case of murder. These intuitions are deepseated; but it is extremely difficult to articulate the defence they seem to support, or to isolate the circumstances which mark the difference between a situation where the defence ought to apply and where it ought not.

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