scholarly journals Análisis histórico de la desigualdad por razón de género en México

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minerva E. Martínez Garza
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Siglo Xx

La historia es una herramienta que nos permite dimensionar el papel que han desempeñado hombres y mujeres a lo largo de las diversas etapas del desarrollo de una nación, y la historia de las mujeres nos permite visualizar las dificultades que han tenido que afrontar en la búsqueda de su reconocimiento como personas con derechos, a fin de alcanzar la igualdad real o material y ante la ley, las autoridades y la propia sociedad. Bajo esa perspectiva, se plasman en este artículo los acontecimientos prósperos y adversos que han vivido las mujeres en el contexto de una sociedad persistentemente androcéntrica, desde sus orígenes en la época precortesiana, pasando por el periodo colonial, el del movimiento independentista, los inicios del siglo XX y el posterior a la proclamación de la ley fundamental, hasta los albores del tercer milenio, en el que algunos datos estadísticos confirman que la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres sigue siendo una asignatura pendiente.History is a tool that allows us to gauge the role played by men and women along the different stages of development of a nation, and women’s history allows us to see the difficulties that have been faced in seeking recognition as persons with rights, in order to achieve real and material equality under the law, the autorithies and the society. By itself under this perspective, is reflected in this article prosperous and adverse events that women have experienced in the context of a persistently androcentric society, from its origins in pre-Conquest times, going through the colonial period, the independence movement, early years of the twentieth century and after the proclamation of the fundamental law, until the dawn of the third millennium, in some statistical data confirm that equality between women and men remains a pending matter.

scholarly journals Medios de transporte, accidentes de tránsito y legislación en Medellín (Colombia) durante las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 209-238
Author(s):  
Juan David Alzate Alzate
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Legal Strategies ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Automóviles, coches, camiones y trenes aparecieron en Medellín (Colombia) durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, afectando las rutinas de los habitantes que tuvieron la necesidad de usarlos, transformando así las dinámicas de la ciudad. En este proceso, hombres y mujeres se vieron involucrados en circunstancias aciagas en las que estos aparatos fueron los medios a través de los cuales se cometían atropellamientos, que podían ser calificados como delitos, extendiendo así el marco de aplicación de las leyes y obligando, incluso, a generar estrategias legales para intentar llevar coherentemente estos litigios. El objeto central de este artículo es describir las formas como se presentaron los accidentes de tránsito en el contexto señalado y al mismo tiempo relacionar este tipo de hechos con la legislación existente en aquella época y la manera como era aplicada por las autoridades al momento de generar un veredicto sobre la culpabilidad por homicidio de un conductor. Para su elaboración se tuvieron en cuenta cinco sumarios por homicidio del Archivo Histórico Judicial de Medellín, información del Archivo Histórico de Medellín y de la Colección Patrimonio Documental de la Universidad de Antioquia, artículos de la prensa local, legislación y datos estadísticos de la época.Palabras clave: crecimiento urbano, vehículos, homicidios, sumarios, leyes, modernidad, accidentalidad. Means of Transport, Traffic Accidents and Legislation in Medellín, Colombia, during the First Three Decades of the 20th CenturyAbstractAutomobiles, cars, trucks and trains appeared in Medellín, Colombia, during the first decades of the 20th century, and affected the routines of the inhabitants who had the need to use them, thus transforming the dynamics of the city. In this process, men and women were involved in unfortunate circumstances in which these machines were the means through which people were run over. Since this act was qualified as a committed crime, it was necessary to enforce the laws and even generate legal strategies for consistently attempt these disputes. The aim of this article is to describe the ways how traffic accidents occurred in the stated context, and at the same time, relate this kind of facts with the existing legislation in that time, and the way as it was applied by the authorities when generating a verdict on the guilt of murder of a driver. For its preparation five summaries were considered by murder of the Archivo Historico Judicial de Medellín, the information of the Archivo Histórico de Medellín, and the Collection Heritage Documentary of the Unviersidad de Antioquia, articles from the local press, legislation and statistical data of that time. Keywords: urban growth, vehicles, killings, summaries, laws, modernity, accident. 

Personaggi della Pompei sillana

1995 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Zevi
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Times

THREE CHARACTERS FROM SULLAN POMPEIIOne of the most traumatic events of Italian social history in the times of Sulla was the establishment of colonies of veterans in towns which had taken Marius's side. A particularly well studied case, given the wealth of documentation available, is Pompeii. Amongst other things, Cicero's Pro Sulla throws some light upon the issues which, in the early years after the colonial deductio, separated the two communities in Pompeii—that is the old inhabitants and the Sullan veterans. Within this framework, this article examines, as a form of example, the cases of three people of Pompeii of the colonial period. Two of these, Norbanus Sorex and, in some senses, L. Eumachius, both of whom arrived in Pompeii as a result of the Sullan colonization, have a particular role to play in the establishment of the phenomenon of cultural uniformity which followed the general externsion of Roman citizenship. In contrast, the third case, that of the decurion M. Herennius, is an example of a member of the ancient Samnite aristocracy being restored to the height of his social privileges at a very early stage. He became a supporter of P. Sulla at the time of the Catilinarian conspiracy: the event in which he was a protagonist contributes to the clarification of some statements in the Pro Sulla.

scholarly journals Diferencias de género en la aproximación al cambio de dirección en tenistas profesionales (Gender differences in the approach to change of direction in professional tennis players)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 938-943
Author(s):  
Álvaro Durán ◽  
Rafael Martínez-Gallego ◽  
Marc Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Automatic Monitoring System ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Training Approach ◽  
Professional Tennis ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Three Body

  El objetivo de este estudio fue medir las velocidades de aproximación a los cambios de dirección (CDD), tras desplazamientos de más de 4 metros, entre hombres y mujeres en el fondo de la pista durante partidos de tenis de élite. Se seleccionó un partido de cada uno de los 5 mejores tenistas masculinos y femeninos del ranking ATP y WTA. Y, de cada partido, 15 CDD. Sobre cada CDD, se aplicó un sistema de seguimiento automático mediante videoanálisis basado en tres puntos corporales (cabeza, tronco y cadera). Se encontraron mayores velocidades en hombres en todos los momentos analizados a partir del penúltimo apoyo (PEN) antes del CDD. También se encontraron diferencias entre ambos sexos en las velocidades parciales durante los pasos previos al CDD. Durante aproximación al CDD, la velocidad de los hombres a partir del antepenúltimo apoyo (ANT) antes del CDD fue aumentada en el PEN y disminuyó en el último apoyo (ULT) antes del CDD, mientras que las mujeres, disminuyeron progresivamente su velocidad a partir del ANT. En conclusión, existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en la aproximación a un cambio de dirección, y por tanto en la preparación de golpeos. Por lo tanto, la información proporcionada en este estudio es de vital importancia para el planteamiento de entrenamientos.  Abstract. The objective of this study was to measure and compare between genders, speeds of approach to the changes of direction (CDD), after displacements of more than 4 meters in the bottom of the court present in elite tennis. 15 CDDs were selected during a match, from each of the top 5 male and female tennis players in the ATP and WTA rankings. On them, an automatic monitoring system was applied by video analysis based on three body points (head, trunk and hip). Higher velocity values were found for men at all moments analyzed from the penultimate step (PEN) before CDD, as well as substantial differences between both genders in partial velocities during steps prior to CDD. During approach to the CDD, the speed of men from the third to last step before the CDD (ANT) was increased in the PEN and decreased in the last step before the CDD (ULT), while the women progressively decreased their speed from of the ANT. In conclusion, there are many differences between men and women when approaching a change of direction, and therefore in the preparation of blows. Therefore, the information provided in this study is of vital importance for the training approach by coaches and physical trainers.

The Making of a Cause Lawyer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Meierhenrich
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Era

This chapter provides the biographical and historical context necessary for understanding Fraenkel and his time. The analysis is organized into three sections: his early years, the Weimar Years, and the Nazi years. In the first section, I trace Fraenkel’s upbringing in a secular household influenced by the so-called Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah; explore the origins of his life-long predilection for social democracy; and recount the intellectual effects of his military service in World War I. In the second section, I reconstruct Fraenkel’s education and socialization as a young lawyer and interpret Fraenkel’s most important Weimar-era writings. I explicate the roles they played in preparing the ground for the writing of The Dual State. In the third section, finally, I commence my analysis of Fraenkel’s Nazi-era thought and conduct up until his escape to freedom in 1938.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Existing Production Frameworks for Statistical and Geographic Information: Synergies, Gaps and Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ariza-López ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Pascual ◽  
Francisco J. Lopez-Pellicer ◽  
Luis M. Vilches-Blázquez ◽  
Agustín Villar-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spatial Data Quality ◽  
Statistical Area

The production of official statistical and geospatial data is often in the hands of highly specialized public agencies that have traditionally followed their own paths and established their own production frameworks. In this article, we present the main frameworks of these two areas and focus on the possibility and need to achieve a better integration between them through the interoperability of systems, processes, and data. The statistical area is well led and has well-defined frameworks. The geospatial area does not have clear leadership and the large number of standards establish a framework that is not always obvious. On the other hand, the lack of a general and common legal framework is also highlighted. Additionally, three examples are offered: the first is the application of the spatial data quality model to the case of statistical data, the second of the application of the statistical process model to the geospatial case, and the third is the use of linked geospatial and statistical data. These examples demonstrate the possibility of transferring experiences/advances from one area to another. In this way, we emphasize the conceptual proximity of these two areas, highlighting synergies, gaps, and potential integration.

scholarly journals AB0751 SAFETY AND PERSISTENCE OF USTEKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN BIOBADASER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1672.2-1672
Author(s):  
N. Busquets-Pérez ◽  
C. Sánchez-Piedra ◽  
P. Vela-Casasempere ◽  
M. Freire-Gonzalez ◽  
C. Bohórquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
First Year ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Minimal Disease Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Third Line

Background:Ustekinumab has been efficacy and safety for psoriatic artritis in clinical trials.Objectives:To assess effectiveness, by means of drug persistence analisys, and safety of ustekinumab in patients with psoriastic arthritis in Biobadaser.Methods:BIOBADASER is the Spanish registry of biological drugs of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology and the Spanish Medicines Agency. We identified patients aged 18 years or more with psoriatic arthritis on Ustekinumab. A descriptive analysis was performed.The persistence of ustekinumab therapy was calculated with a Kaplan-Meier curve and was compared with the persistence of anti-TNF, according to line treatment. Log Rank test was used to establish a comparison. Adverse events occurring with ustekinumab are described according to year treatment.Results:One hundred and twelve patients were on ustekinumab. Most of them were on their second or third line treatment: 53.57% more than one biological therapy (BT), 19.64% second BT, 26.79% were naïve for BT. Most of them were on 45 mg dose: 88.24%. Median duration of disease at Ustekinumab initiation was 10.1 SD 7.2 years; 69.23% had peripheral arthritis; 45.24% had obesity and 39.29% were overweight; 40,6% were on prednisone and 59.82% on DMARD. The cause of discontinuation of treatment was mainly inefficacy (82.61%) and less common an adverse event (6.52%). The probability of persistence of treatment with ustekinumab was 0.83 (95% CI 0.63-0.92) at year 1, 0.79 (0.58-0.90) at year 2 and 0.79 (0.58-0.9) at year 3 when ustekinumab was prescribed as the first line treatment. The persistence decrease when ustekinumab was prescribe as a second and third treatment: being 0.53 (0.27-0.73) the first year, 0.46 (0.22-0.67) the second year and 0.46 (0.22-0.67) as a second line treatment and 0.58 (0.44-0.70) the first year, 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the second year and 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the third year as a third line treatment.The persistence was similar to anti-TNF treatment, according to line treatment. Adverse events were mainly mild (97.83%) and occurred the first year of treatment. Most of the adverse events were classified as “infections and infestations” (36.96%).Conclusion:The persistence of ustekinumab was high, being 83% at the end of the first year on treatment and 79% the second and the third year of treatment. The persistence of ustekinumab was higher when if it was the first line treatment compared as if it was used as the second o third BT option. The persistence of Ustekinumab is similar to the persistence of anti-TNF treatments in all the analyzed treatment lines (no statistically differences were found). Adverse events occurred mainly during the first year treatment. They were mainly mild adverse events and the frequency decreased within the second and third year of treatment.References:[1]Treatment with ustekinumab in a Spanish cohort of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in daily clinical practice.Almirall M, Rodriguez J, Mateo L, Carrascosa JM, Notario J, Gallardo F. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;36(2):439-443;[2]Minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab: results from a 24-week real-world study.Napolitano M, Costa L, Caso F, Megna M, Scarpa R, Balato N, Ayala F, Balato A. J Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;24(7):381-384;[3]Minimal Disease Activity and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Real-World Evidence Study With Ustekinumab.Queiro R, Brandy A, Rosado MC, Lorenzo A, Coto P, Carriles C, Alperi M, Ballina J. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018 Jun 28;[4]An analysis of Drug Survival, Effectiveness, and Safety in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Treated With Ustekinumab: An Observational Study of 69 Patients in Routine Clinical Practice.Salgüero Fernández I, Gil MH, Sanz MS, Gullón GR;Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Reflections on Slavery, Seclusion and Female Labor in the Maradi Region of Niger in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Urban Women ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Plantation Slavery ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Female Slaves

This essay argues that female participation in agriculture and limited seclusion in Maradi (Niger) today do not stem from the absence of agricultural slavery in the pre-colonial period but rather result from the resistance of the Katsinawa élite to the Islamic reforms of the Sokoto Caliphate and from the absence of rimji (plantation) slavery in the region. The abolition of slavery did not mark a watershed in the rise of seclusion, as M. G. Smith argues was the case in Nigeria, but rather triggered a series of reformulations of marriage and female hierarchy. Semi-legitimate and legitimate polygynous marriages permitted men and women of the wealthier classes to retain the labor of former female slaves as ‘concubines’ and later enabled them to use junior wives to perform the duties once carried out by slaves. Women countered the ambiguities of such marriages by asserting their worth through wedding ritual and later by adopting the veiling of élite women. As economic and cultural ties with northern Nigeria grew during the colonial and post-colonial periods, and as goods and services reduced some of the labor demands upon urban women, seclusion gained in popularity. By acquiescing to the dependency implicit in purdah women could protect themselves from the labor demands of others and could sometimes free themselves up to earn independent incomes of their own. Thus the recent adoption of seclusion in Maradi has not arisen out of a unilateral decision on the part of newly freed women to adopt seclusion as a sign of status, as Smith claimed for Northern Nigeria, but resulted instead from of a series of redefinitions, contestations and negotiations of marriage in which both men and women have been active.

Margaret Mead o la dificultad de ser una mujer genial al comienzo de la modernidad.

Complutum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-656
Author(s):  
Almudena Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Margaret Mead ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Siglo Xx

En este artículo se pasa revisión a la vida y obra de Margaret Mead, tal vez la primera mujer que defendió que los “roles sexuales” (lo que ahora entendemos por “género”) no estaban determinados biológicamente sino construidos culturalmente. En el texto se argumenta que existen contradicciones y confusiones en su trabajo, derivados de las que caracterizaron su propia vida personal. Porque a pesar de defender teóricamente la construcción cultural del género, la enorme presión del orden patriarcal de comienzos del siglo XX no debió permitirle internalizar que realmente se podía ser una persona individualizada e inteligente si se era una mujer, lo que la llevó a construir un mito sobre ella misma que ponía en el centro su supuesta tendencia maternal, que vendría a demostrar inapelablemente que era mujer y no hombre. No solo su hija contradijo el carácter maternal de su madre, sino que el propio argumento, propio del orden patriarcal, hacía derivar del sexo actitudes y comportamientos (el carácter maternal de las mujeres), contradiciendo así la argumentación teórica por la que se hizo famosa. 

Gender and Power: Boys Will Be Boys and So Will Girls

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Carey
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper examines the treatment of women by men in two areas of male-dominated employment: specific professions and non- traditional ‘manual’ employment such as construction, transport, and other trade workers. Based on data from secondary sources, and in-depth interviews with non-traditionally employed women in Northern Ireland, the paper is divided into three main parts. The first section assesses the extent of harassment and discrimination towards women in male- dominated professions; the second provides a similar account of the treatment of non-traditionally employed women in Northern Ireland. Evidence suggests that there is a dichotomy in the treatment of women between the two areas discussed - given that men and women in ‘manual’ employment seem to sustain a more ‘peer-like’ relationship than their counterparts in some male-dominated professions. Thus, in the third section of the paper, while attempting to avoid the trap of dualism, I posit reasons for the existence of such a dichotomy.

scholarly journals '¿Qué quieren las mujeres?': Ciudadanía femenina y escrituras de la intimidad en la Argentina de inicios del siglo XX

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-880
Author(s):  
Marina Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Siglo Xx

Las llamadas 'escrituras de la intimidad' - autobiografías, cartas, relatos de viajes, diarios íntimos - permiten analizar los deslizamientos posibles entre lo público y lo privado en una coyuntura histórica en la cual los derechos para cada sexo estaban claramente predefinidos en cada uno de los espacios de acción. Es decir que, desnaturalizando el presente al narrarlo, las 'escrituras de la intimidad' permiten pensar las estrategias de las mujeres, confinadas por ley al espacio doméstico, de proyectar sus voces en la esfera pública. A partir del irresoluble enigma planteado por una de las primeras voces masculinas que defendieron los derechos de las mujeres en Argentina - el socialista Enrique Del Valle Iberlucea -, aquí analizo cómo es contada - ¿vivida, representada? - la ciudadanía por las propias mujeres. Para ello, analizo los relatos de viajes de la escritora y maestra normal Ada María Elflein (1880-1919).

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