Personaggi della Pompei sillana

1995 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Zevi

THREE CHARACTERS FROM SULLAN POMPEIIOne of the most traumatic events of Italian social history in the times of Sulla was the establishment of colonies of veterans in towns which had taken Marius's side. A particularly well studied case, given the wealth of documentation available, is Pompeii. Amongst other things, Cicero's Pro Sulla throws some light upon the issues which, in the early years after the colonial deductio, separated the two communities in Pompeii—that is the old inhabitants and the Sullan veterans. Within this framework, this article examines, as a form of example, the cases of three people of Pompeii of the colonial period. Two of these, Norbanus Sorex and, in some senses, L. Eumachius, both of whom arrived in Pompeii as a result of the Sullan colonization, have a particular role to play in the establishment of the phenomenon of cultural uniformity which followed the general externsion of Roman citizenship. In contrast, the third case, that of the decurion M. Herennius, is an example of a member of the ancient Samnite aristocracy being restored to the height of his social privileges at a very early stage. He became a supporter of P. Sulla at the time of the Catilinarian conspiracy: the event in which he was a protagonist contributes to the clarification of some statements in the Pro Sulla.

Author(s):  
Minerva E. Martínez Garza

La historia es una herramienta que nos permite dimensionar el papel que han desempeñado hombres y mujeres a lo largo de las diversas etapas del desarrollo de una nación, y la historia de las mujeres nos permite visualizar las dificultades que han tenido que afrontar en la búsqueda de su reconocimiento como personas con derechos, a fin de alcanzar la igualdad real o material y ante la ley, las autoridades y la propia sociedad. Bajo esa perspectiva, se plasman en este artículo los acontecimientos prósperos y adversos que han vivido las mujeres en el contexto de una sociedad persistentemente androcéntrica, desde sus orígenes en la época precortesiana, pasando por el periodo colonial, el del movimiento independentista, los inicios del siglo XX y el posterior a la proclamación de la ley fundamental, hasta los albores del tercer milenio, en el que algunos datos estadísticos confirman que la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres sigue siendo una asignatura pendiente.History is a tool that allows us to gauge the role played by men and women along the different stages of development of a nation, and women’s history allows us to see the difficulties that have been faced in seeking recognition as persons with rights, in order to achieve real and material equality under the law, the autorithies and the society. By itself under this perspective, is reflected in this article prosperous and adverse events that women have experienced in the context of a persistently androcentric society, from its origins in pre-Conquest times, going through the colonial period, the independence movement, early years of the twentieth century and after the proclamation of the fundamental law, until the dawn of the third millennium, in some statistical data confirm that equality between women and men remains a pending matter.


ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.


Author(s):  
Miguel Alarcão

Textualizing the memory(ies) of physical and cultural encounter(s) between Self and Other, travel literature/writing often combines subjectivity with documental information which may prove relevant to better assess mentalities, everyday life and the social history of any given ‘timeplace’. That is the case with Growing up English. Memories of Portugal 1907-1930, by D. J. Baylis (née Bucknall), prefaced by Peter Mollet as “(…) a remarkably vivid and well written observation of the times expressed with humour and not little ‘carinho’. In all they make excellent reading especially for those of us interested in the recent past.” (Baylis: 2)


Author(s):  
Jens Meierhenrich

This chapter provides the biographical and historical context necessary for understanding Fraenkel and his time. The analysis is organized into three sections: his early years, the Weimar Years, and the Nazi years. In the first section, I trace Fraenkel’s upbringing in a secular household influenced by the so-called Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah; explore the origins of his life-long predilection for social democracy; and recount the intellectual effects of his military service in World War I. In the second section, I reconstruct Fraenkel’s education and socialization as a young lawyer and interpret Fraenkel’s most important Weimar-era writings. I explicate the roles they played in preparing the ground for the writing of The Dual State. In the third section, finally, I commence my analysis of Fraenkel’s Nazi-era thought and conduct up until his escape to freedom in 1938.


Author(s):  
Marek Korczynski

This chapter examines music in the British workplace. It considers whether it is appropriate to see the history of music in the workplace as involving a journey from the organic singing voice (both literal and metaphorical) of workers to broadcast music appropriated by the powerful to become a technique of social control. The chapter charts four key stages in the social history of music in British workplaces. First, it highlights the existence of widespread cultures of singing at work prior to industrialization, and outlines the important meanings these cultures had for workers. Next, it outlines the silencing of the singing voice within the workplace further to industrialization—either from direct employer bans on singing, or from the roar of the industrial noise. The third key stage involves the carefully controlled employer- and state-led reintroduction of music in the workplace in the mid-twentieth century—through the centralized relaying of specific forms of music via broadcast systems in workplaces. The chapter ends with an examination of contemporary musicking in relation to (often worker-led) radio music played in workplaces.


Author(s):  
Т.А. Богумил

В статье предлагается концепция жизни и творческого роста В.М. Шукшина сквозь призму тезаурусного и кластерного подходов. Объяснительными «персональными моделями» для интерпретации биографического текста писателя являются кластеры Мартина Идена, Гамлета и Степана Разина. Ранее биографы и литературоведы указывали на важность этих персон для Шукшина, но разрозненно. Впервые предпринята попытка свести указанные персональные модели воедино, в целостный сюжет становления писателя в пространстве культуры. На разных этапах эволюции автора доминирует одна из указанных моделей, последовательно сменяя друг друга, но не вытесняя, а «внахлест». Ранний этап творчества, ориентированный на стратегию Мартина Идена, является попыткой «вписаться» в наличный культурный мейнстрим. Выражено это в следовании поэтике соцреализма. Второй этап подспудно начинается с реабилитации отца Шукшина в 1956 года, когда актуализируется «гамлетовский комплекс», проявляющийся в чувстве вины перед отцом, через стратегию утаивания подлинного «я», мотивы чудаковатости. Третий этап связан с личностью реального исторического лица, Степана Разина, и выражается в открытом протесте против власти. Все важные для В.М. Шукшина поведенческие модели объединены мотивом одинокого противостояния враждебному социуму и имеют трагический финал, что обусловило ранний уход писателя и порождение мифов о насильственном характере его смерти. В.М. Шукшин одновременно был фигурой неординарной и типичной, что позволило его биографии стать «персональной моделью» для последующих авторов, выходцев из сельской глубинки. The article proposes the concept of life and creative growth of V.M. Shukshin through the prism of the thesaurus and cluster approach. The explanatory "personal models" for interpreting the biographical text of the writer are clusters of Martin Eden, Hamlet and Stepan Razin. Earlier, biographers and literary critics pointed out the importance of these people for Shukshin, but it was scattered. For the first time, an attempt was made to bring these personal models together into an integral plot of the formation of the writer in the space of culture. At different stages of the writer’s evolution, one of these models dominates, successively replacing each other, but not crowding out, but “overlapping”. The early stage of creativity, focused on Martin Eden’s strategy, is an attempt to “fit in” the current cultural mainstream. This is expressed in following the poetics of socialist realism. The second stage implicitly begins with the rehabilitation of Shukshin’s father in 1956, when the “Hamletian complex” is actualized. It is manifested in a sense of guilt towards his father, the strategy of concealing the true “I”, eccentricities. The third stage is connected with the personality of a real historical person, Stepan Razin, and is expressed in an open protest against the authorities. All important for V.M. Shukshin's behavioral models are united by the motive of a lonely confrontation with a hostile society and have a tragic ending, which led to the early departure of the writer and the generation of myths about the violent nature of his death. V.M. Shukshin was an extraordinary and typical figure at the same time. That allowed his biography to become a “personal model” for subsequent authors who came from the rural outback.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 104-133
Author(s):  
Ksenia Andreevna Kumpan ◽  

The article introduces the academic community to a vast collection of the unknown documents from the archives of the Third Gymnasium (Classical School) and from Merezhkovsky’s personal foundation, which contains the experiments of his early years. As the result, a picture emerges that depicts the school routine, featuring the portraits of the professors and the analysis of the studies in humanities. Besides, a detailed commentary on the «Gymnasium» fragments of the autobiographical poem The Ancient Octaves is offered, and conclusions are drawn regarding the reliability of the assessments of education contained in it.


Author(s):  
Catherine Poupeney Hart

Gaceta de Guatemala is the name of a newspaper spanning four series and published in Central America before the region’s independence from Spain. As one of the first newspapers to appear in Spanish America on a periodical basis, the initial series (1729–1731) was inspired by its Mexican counterpart (Gaceta de México) and thus it adopted a strong local and chronological focus. The title resurfaced at the end of the 18th century thanks to the printer and bookseller Ignacio Beteta who would assure its continuity until 1816. The paper appeared as a mainly news-oriented publication (1793–1796), only to be reshaped and energized by a small group of enlightened men close to the university and the local government (1797–1807). In an effort to galvanize society along the lines of the reforms promoted by the Bourbon regime, and to engage in a dialogue with readers beyond the borders of the capital city of Guatemala, they relied on a vast array of sources (authorized and censored) and on a journalistic model associated with the British Spectator: it allowed them to explore different genres and a wide variety of topics, while also allowing the paper to fulfill its role as an official and practical news channel. The closure of the Economic Society which had been the initial motor for the third series, and the failure to attract or retain strong contributors led slowly to the journal’s social irrelevance. It was resurrected a year after ceasing publication, to address the political turmoil caused by the Napoleonic invasion of the Peninsula and to curb this event’s repercussions overseas. These circumstances warranted a mainly news-oriented format, which prevailed in the following years. The official character of the paper was confirmed in 1812 when it appeared as the Gaceta del Gobierno de Guatemala, a name with which it finally ended publication (1808–1816).


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
O. G. Sivkov ◽  
◽  
A. O. Sivkov ◽  

Aim. To study urinary nitrogen excretion at the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods. Prospective, single-center, cohort study. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and presence of at least one of the predictors of severe course. Among all patients (n = 72), a cohort of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (n = 32) was allocated. Three groups were formed in it: the first one – all patients, the second one – survivors (n = 24), the third one – deceased (n = 8). Urinary nitrogen excretion was determined using the Deacon formula. Measurements were performed on the first, third and fifth days of the disease. Statistical processing of the material was carried out by the SPSS software package. The null hypothesis was rejected at p < 0.05. Results. In the first week of the disease in all groups, the maximum urinary nitrogen excretion occurs on the 3rd day. When comparing the results of the second and third groups, it was found that the urinary nitrogen excretion on the first and fifth days did not have a statistically significant difference between the groups (respectively, p = 0.138, p = 0.572), and the results of the third day have (p = 0.014). A similar pattern remains when recalculating the nitrogen loss in the urine to the ideal weight; for the third day, the differences between the second and third groups were statistically significant (p = 0.007). ROC analysis of urinary nitrogen excretion of the third day calculated to the ideal body weight showed an area under the curve of 0.813 (p < 0.009). The value at the cut-off point is defined as 0.65 g/kg/day. The sensitivity of the model was 0.75%, specificity – 0.83%. Conclusion. If in a patient with acute pancreatitis, there is urinary nitrogen excretion on the third day from the onset of the disease, calculated to an ideal body weight of ≥ 0.65 g/kg/day, an unfavorable outcome of the disease is predicted.


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