Open-Ended Questions: A Critical Class Component

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marla A. Sole

This article aims to encourage teachers to embed open-ended problems into their teaching repertoire by linking the strong support found in the research literature for these types of questions with concrete recommendations for pedagogical practice.

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Montgomery ◽  
Toby Martin ◽  
Shahin Shooshtari ◽  
Brenda M Stoesz ◽  
Dustin J Heinrichs ◽  
...  

This synthesis paper summarizes research literature addressing challenging be-haviours in children and youth with autism spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities in school settings. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles published between the years 2000 and 2011. The methodological quality of all studies was screened following a stan-dard quality assessment checklist. Intervention effects were assessed quantitatively. Results of quality analysis and intervention effectiveness were in-tegrated to identify interventions with strong support and evidence of effectiveness. We discuss results in terms of implications for intervention choice and implementation in school settings, limitations, and directions for future re-search.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253371
Author(s):  
Carol Tishelman ◽  
Jonas Hultin-Rosenberg ◽  
Anna Hadders ◽  
Lars E. Eriksson

Background The Covid-19 pandemic has had unprecedented effects on individual lives and livelihoods as well as on social, health, economic and political systems and structures across the world. This article derives from a unique collaboration between researchers and museums using rapid response crowdsourcing to document contemporary life among the general public during the pandemic crisis in Sweden. Methods and findings We use qualitative analysis to explore the narrative crowdsourced submissions of the same 88 individuals at two timepoints, during the 1st and 2nd pandemic waves, about what they most fear in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic, and how their descriptions changed over time. In this self-selected group, we found that aspects they most feared generally concerned responses to the pandemic on a societal level, rather than to the Covid-19 disease itself or other health-related issues. The most salient fears included a broad array of societal issues, including general societal collapse and fears about effects on social and political interactions among people with resulting impact on political order. Notably strong support for the Swedish pandemic response was expressed, despite both national and international criticism. Conclusions This analysis fills a notable gap in research literature that lacks subjective and detailed investigation of experiences of the general public, despite recognition of the widespread effects of Covid-19 and its’ management strategies. Findings address controversy about the role of experts in formulating and communicating strategy, as well as implications of human responses to existential threats. Based on this analysis, we call for broader focus on societal issues related to this existential threat and the responses to it.


2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant Jensen ◽  
Erin Feinauer Whiting ◽  
Sara Chapman

Claims abound in the research literature regarding multicultural teacher dispositions, including how to foster them in teacher preparation programs. However, measures of multicultural dispositions of teachers that (a) capture the range of conceptually rich constructs and (b) demonstrate strong psychometric properties are not represented in the literature. In this article, we discuss the iterative development and psychometric properties of the Multicultural Teacher Dispositions Scale (MTDS), a survey of 15 items designed to assess three dispositions/factors: Meekness, Social Awareness, and Advocacy. We analyze responses from 372 preservice teachers in three samples and analytic phases, and discuss factor and item analytic results from the final phase. Results demonstrate strong support for Meekness, though moderate support for Social Awareness and Advocacy. We discuss limitations, implications for measure refinement, and eventual use for research and practice improvement.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Schramm

This book enquires how local communities affected by large-scale land deals make use of legal norms to protect their interests. It combines legal, social mobilisation and business management approaches to identify conditions that promise success in this respect, which are explored in four case studies from two countries: Sierra Leone and the Philippines. The findings of these studies show the relevance of the national legal opportunity structure, strong support networks and the specific characteristics of a company in this regard. The role of political elites and the unity of local actors are also discussed. This book is especially relevant for academics and practitioners interested in the relationship between legal frameworks and local reactions to foreign investors. It also contributes to the research literature on legal mobilisation by going beyond the Western world. Finally, the book offers perspectives on the ‘middle ground’ of social mobilisation phenomenons, which are neither social movements nor everyday resistance.


Author(s):  
M. Lynne Cooper ◽  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Ash Levitt ◽  
Lindsay L. Barber ◽  
Scott Wolf

This chapter uses Cox and Klinger’s motivational model of alcohol use as a framework for reviewing research on motives for using alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. Results of this review provide strong support for key premises underpinning this model in the alcohol literature, including that people drink alcohol to manage internal feeling states and to obtain valued social outcomes. Importantly, these motives may provide a final common pathway to alcohol use through which the influences of more distal variables are mediated. The research literature on motives for marijuana use revealed important similarities in the nature of motives underlying use and in the unique patterns of use and use-related consequences associated with specific motives. Research on tobacco use motives showed few similarities, with tobacco use being more habitual, automatic, and largely motivated by withdrawal cues, at least among more experienced and dependent users.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Miftah Sigit Rahmawati ◽  
Irman Amri

In digital era, it is possible for the term "home education" which presents the role of the family to the childhood education. The development of children's mathematics involved role of parents lies, so a mechanism needs to be established about the importance of mathematics learning in the early years and its forms about mathematical activities for children. Learning mathematics in early childhood connects the use of formative values, namely observation, assignments, and interviews for planned teaching. Pedagogical practice focuses on the involvement of children in games, reading stories/picture books, doing project work, and learning mathematics through art or physics. This gives the explanation that children in early education with their settings involve mathematical ideas. This research aims to provide solutions and ideas for parents in teaching children of early age (0-3) years old on mathematics. This research also provides an explanation of parental involvement in teaching mathematics by playing together and preparing children to face mathematics at the next level. The research method used is based on field research, literature studies, and observations. Report of evaluation and observation provide good results with the use of one of the learning methods, namely the montessori method. It also gives an explanation of the importance of togetherness of children and parents in learning mathematics without eliminating children's play time.


2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allsop ◽  
Jennifer Mayes

One of the hallmarks of AD (Alzheimer's disease) is the formation of senile plaques in the brain, which contain fibrils composed of Aβ (amyloid β-peptide). According to the ‘amyloid cascade’ hypothesis, the aggregation of Aβ initiates a sequence of events leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration, and on to the main symptom of dementia. However, emphasis has now shifted away from fibrillar forms of Aβ and towards smaller and more soluble ‘oligomers’ as the main culprit in AD. The present chapter commences with a brief introduction to the disease and its current treatment, and then focuses on the formation of Aβ from the APP (amyloid precursor protein), the genetics of early-onset AD, which has provided strong support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis, and then on the development of new drugs aimed at reducing the load of cerebral Aβ, which is still the main hope for providing a more effective treatment for AD in the future.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Etter

Traditionally, speech-language pathologists (SLP) have been trained to develop interventions based on a select number of perceptual characteristics of speech without or through minimal use of objective instrumental and physiologic assessment measures of the underlying articulatory subsystems. While indirect physiological assumptions can be made from perceptual assessment measures, the validity and reliability of those assumptions are tenuous at best. Considering that neurological damage will result in various degrees of aberrant speech physiology, the need for physiologic assessments appears highly warranted. In this context, do existing physiological measures found in the research literature have sufficient diagnostic resolution to provide distinct and differential data within and between etiological classifications of speech disorders and versus healthy controls? The goals of this paper are (a) to describe various physiological and movement-related techniques available to objectively study various dysarthrias and speech production disorders and (b) to develop an appreciation for the need for increased systematic research to better define physiologic features of dysarthria and speech production disorders and their relation to know perceptual characteristics.


2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Sjöberg ◽  
Magnus Sverke

Summary: Previous research has identified instrumentality and ideology as important aspects of member attachment to labor unions. The present study evaluated the construct validity of a scale designed to reflect the two dimensions of instrumental and ideological union commitment using a sample of 1170 Swedish blue-collar union members. Longitudinal data were used to test seven propositions referring to the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and temporal stability of the scale as well as postulated group differences in union participation to which the scale should be sensitive. Support for the hypothesized factor structure of the scale and for adequate reliabilities of the dimensions was obtained and was also replicated 18 months later. Tests for equality of measurement model parameters and test-retest correlations indicated support for the temporal stability of the scale. In addition, the results were consistent with most of the predicted differences between groups characterized by different patterns of change/stability in union participation status. The study provides strong support for the construct validity of the scale and indicates that it can be used in future theory testing on instrumental and ideological union commitment.


Author(s):  
Julia Fritz ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach

The idea that conflicts are aversive signals recently has gained strong support by both physiological as well as psychological evidence. However, the time course of the aversive signal has not been subject to direct investigation. In the present study, participants had to judge the valence of neutral German words after being primed with conflict or non-conflict Stroop stimuli in three experiments with varying SOA (200 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms) and varying prime presentation time. Conflict priming effects (i.e., increased frequencies of negative judgments after conflict as compared to non-conflict primes) were found for SOAs of 200 ms and 400 ms, but absent (or even reversed) with a SOA of 800 ms. These results imply that the aversiveness of conflicts is evaluated automatically with short SOAs, but is actively counteracted with prolonged prime presentation.


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