Systems Engineering in the Fishing Industry

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Cyrus Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Short Program ◽  
Integrated Concept

The fishing industry is probably one of the most complex and indeterminate of mankind's occupations. Traditionally it has been fragmented into small enterprises, each expert in its own specialty. But modern fishing methods have forced the adoption of the integrated concept, that is, management of the industry from seabed to consumer by single corporate entities or by regulatory agencies. Integration of the fishing industry depends upon long-term and broad-based planning and decision-making. The best, possibly only, methodology for this is the orderly and rational techniques of systems engineering. The author's company has used systems engineering since 1967 for solving fisheries problems as well as for other marine issues. This paper outlines the difficulties facing the fishing industry decision-makers, and illustrates the use of systems engineering in their resolution. Specific examples are cited, and a short program for the estimation of fishing vessel size and cost is given.

Research for a sustainable European sugar sector

2010 ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Martin Bruhns ◽  
Peter Glaviè ◽  
Arne Sloth Jensen ◽  
Michael Narodoslawsky ◽  
Giorgio Pezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
European Technology

The paper is based on the results of international project entitled “Towards Sustainable Sugar Industry in Europe (TOSSIE)”. 33 research topics of major importance to the sugar sector are listed and briefly described, and compared with research priorities of the European Technology Platforms: “Food for Life”, “Sustainable Chemistry”, “Biofuels”, and “Plant for the Future”. Most topics are compatible with the research themes included in the COOPERATION part of the 7th Framework Program of the EU (2007-2013). However, some topics may require long-term R&D with the time horizon of up to 15 years. The list of topics is divided into four parts: Sugar manufacturing, Applications of biotechnology and biorefinery processing, Sugarbeet breeding and growing, Horizontal issues. Apart from possible use of the list by policy- and decision makers with an interest in sugarbeet sector, the description of each research topic can be used as a starting point in setting up a research project or other R&D activities.

scholarly journals Integrated Impact Assessment for Sustainable Hydropower Planning in the Vjosa Catchment (Greece, Albania)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Rebecca Peters ◽  
Jürgen Berlekamp ◽  
Ana Lucía ◽  
Vittoria Stefani ◽  
Klement Tockner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Hydropower Planning

Mitigating climate change, while human population and economy are growing globally, requires a bold shift to renewable energy sources. Among renewables, hydropower is currently the most economic and efficient technique. However, due to a lack of impact assessments at the catchment scale in the planning process, the construction of hydropower plants (HPP) may have unexpected ecological, socioeconomic, and political ramifications in the short and in the long term. The Vjosa River, draining parts of Northern Greece and Albania, is one of the few predominantly free-flowing rivers left in Europe; at the same time its catchment is identified an important resource for future hydropower development. While current hydropower plants are located along tributaries, planned HPP would highly impact the free-flowing main stem. Taking the Vjosa catchment as a case study, the aim of this study was to develop a transferable impact assessment that ranks potential hydropower sites according to their projected impacts on a catchment scale. Therefore, we integrated established ecological, social, and economic indicators for all HPP planned in the river catchment, while considering their capacity, and developed a ranking method based on impact categories. For the Vjosa catchment, ten hydropower sites were ranked as very harmful to the environment as well as to society. A sensitivity analysis revealed that this ranking is dependent upon the selection of indicators. Small HPP showed higher cumulative impacts than large HPP, when normalized to capacity. This study empowers decision-makers to compare both the ranked impacts and the generated energy of planned dam projects at the catchment scale.

scholarly journals Assessing the Capacity of Adaptive Policy Pathways to Adapt on Time by Mapping Trigger Values to Their Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Raso ◽  
Jan Kwakkel ◽  
Jos Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
Misclassification Errors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Adaptive Action ◽  
The Face

Climate change raises serious concerns for policymakers that want to ensure the success of long-term policies. To guarantee satisfactory decisions in the face of deep uncertainties, adaptive policy pathways might be used. Adaptive policy pathways are designed to take actions according to how the future will actually unfold. In adaptive pathways, a monitoring system collects the evidence required for activating the next adaptive action. This monitoring system is made of signposts and triggers. Signposts are indicators that track the performance of the pathway. When signposts reach pre-specified trigger values, the next action on the pathway is implemented. The effectiveness of the monitoring system is pivotal to the success of adaptive policy pathways, therefore the decision-makers would like to have sufficient confidence about the future capacity to adapt on time. “On time” means activating the next action on a pathway neither so early that it incurs unnecessary costs, nor so late that it incurs avoidable damages. In this paper, we show how mapping the relations between triggers and the probability of misclassification errors inform the level of confidence that a monitoring system for adaptive policy pathways can provide. Specifically, we present the “trigger-probability” mapping and the “trigger-consequences” mappings. The former mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the level of confidence regarding whether change occurs and adaptation is needed. The latter mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the consequences of misclassification errors for both adapting the policy or not. In a case study, we illustrate how these mappings can be used to test the effectiveness of a monitoring system, and how they can be integrated into the process of designing an adaptive policy.

ROBUST INTERVAL-BASED MINIMAX-REGRET ANALYSIS METHOD FOR FILTER MANAGEMENT OF FLUID POWER SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350021
Author(s):  
SONGLIN NIE ◽  
HUI JI ◽  
YEQING HUANG ◽  
ZHEN HU ◽  
YONGPING LI
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Minimax Regret ◽  
Fluid Power System ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Management Alternatives

Fluid contamination is one of the main reasons for the wear failure and the related downtime in a hydraulic power system. Filters play an important role in controlling the contamination effectively, increasing the reliability of the system, and maintaining the system economically. Due to the uncertainties of system parameters, the complicated relationship among components, as well as the lack of effective approach, managing filters is becoming one of the biggest challenges for engineers and decision makers. In this study, a robust interval-based minimax-regret analysis (RIMA) method is developed for the filter management in a fluid power system (FPS) under uncertainty. The RIMA method can handle the uncertainties existed in contaminant ingressions of the system and contaminant holding capacity of filters without making assumption on probabilistic distributions for random variables. Through analyzing the system cost of all possible filter management alternatives, an interval element regret matrix can be obtained, which enables decision makers to identify the optimal filter management strategy under uncertainty. The results of a case study indicate that the reasonable solutions generated can help decision makers understand the consequence of short-term and long-term decisions, identify optimal strategies for filter allocation and selection with minimized system-maintenance cost and system-failure risk.

Post–Intensive Care Syndrome in Family Decision Makers of Long-term Acute Care Hospital Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Petrinec
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Family Decision ◽  
Post Intensive Care Syndrome

Background Family members of critically ill patients experience indications of post–intensive care syndrome, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite increased use of long-term acute care hospitals for critically ill patients, little is known about the impact of long-term hospitalization on patients’ family members. Objectives To examine indications of post–intensive care syndrome, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life among family decision makers during and after patients’ long-term hospitalization. Methods A single-center, prospective, longitudinal descriptive study was undertaken of family decision makers of adult patients admitted to long-term acute care hospitals. Indications of post–intensive care syndrome and coping strategies were measured on the day of hospital admission and 30 and 60 days later. Health-related quality of life was measured by using the Short Form-36, version 2, at admission and 60 days later. Results The sample consisted of 30 family decision makers. On admission, 27% reported moderate to severe anxiety, and 20% reported moderate to severe depression. Among the decision makers, 10% met criteria for a provisional diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. At admission, the mean physical summary score for quality of life was 47.8 (SD, 9.91) and the mean mental summary score was 48.00 (SD, 10.28). No significant changes occurred during the study period. Problem-focused coping was the most frequently used coping strategy at all time points. Conclusion Family decision makers of patients in long-term acute care hospitals have a significant prevalence of indications of post–intensive care syndrome.

scholarly journals Humanitarian Diplomacy

2018 ◽  
pp. 382-392
Author(s):  
Antonio Gazzanti Pugliese di Cotrone
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Open Borders

The article describes humanitarian diplomacy that has to break a potential ideological ice between belligerent parties, establish a network of diplomatic connections in a skillful way, and use every opportunity available to support victims of war. An indisputable fact is that the higher the reputation and the stronger the trust to those using humanitarian diplomacy strategies, the better results will be achieved. The combination of diplomacy and humanitarian activities may lead to the emergence of unexpected interactions. The International Federation of Red Cross mentions that the goal humanitarian diplomacy seeks to achieve is the provision of better care for socially disadvantaged groups of society from governments; establishment of closer ties with decision-makers to generate opportunities to influence them; maintenance of a permanent dialogue at both national and international levels; engagement to a discussion of those who work in the field of humanitarian diplomacy; increase in transparency of such discussion; enhancement of the ability to govern all the useful resources; cooperation with other actors pursuing the same humanitarian goals. Humanitarian diplomacy has to direct its actions at all crises and to both governmental and non-governmental entities of international law; take into account that its aim is to open borders and establish humanitarian corridors ensuring the provision of direct assistance to refugees. The main task is to guarantee long-term actions, while avoiding temporary and fragile alternatives. That is the basis for humanitarian diplomacy of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta with all its peculiarities. Keywords: the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Red Cross, international law, humanitarian diplomacy, crises.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ali Pormohammad ◽  
Mohammad Zarei ◽  
Saied Ghorbani ◽  
Mehdi Mohammadi ◽  
Saeideh Aghayari Sheikh Neshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Health Decision

The high transmissibility, mortality, and morbidity rate of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant have raised concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness (VE). To address this issue, all publications relevant to the effectiveness of vaccines against the Delta variant were searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Medline (via PubMed) databases up to 15 October 2021. A total of 15 studies (36 datasets) were included in the meta-analysis. After the first dose, the VE against the Delta variant for each vaccine was 0.567 (95% CI 0.520–0.613) for Pfizer-BioNTech, 0.72 (95% CI 0.589–0.822) for Moderna, 0.44 (95% CI 0.301–0.588) for AstraZeneca, and 0.138 (95% CI 0.076–0.237) for CoronaVac. Meta-analysis of 2,375,957 vaccinated cases showed that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had the highest VE against the infection after the second dose, at 0.837 (95% CI 0.672–0.928), and third dose, at 0.972 (95% CI 0.96–0.978), as well as the highest VE for the prevention of severe infection or death, at 0.985 (95% CI 0.95–0.99), amongst all COVID-19 vaccines. The short-term effectiveness of vaccines, especially mRNA-based vaccines, for the prevention of the Delta variant infection, hospitalization, severe infection, and death is supported by this study. Limitations include a lack of long-term efficacy data, and under-reporting of COVID-19 infection cases in observational studies, which has the potential to falsely skew VE rates. Overall, this study supports the decisions by public health decision makers to promote the population vaccination rate to control the Delta variant infection and the emergence of further variants.

scholarly journals Why hasn’t evolution selected for perfect self-control?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Control Failures

Self-control refers to the ability to deliberately reject tempting options and instead select ones that produce greater long-term benefits. Although some apparent failures of self-control are, on closer inspection, reward maximizing, at least some self-control failures are clearly disadvantageous and non-strategic. The existence of poor self-control presents an important evolutionary puzzle because there is no obvious reason why good self-control should be more costly than poor self-control. After all, a rock is infinitely patient. I propose that self-control failures result from cases in which well-learned (and thus routinized) decision making strategies yield suboptimal choices. These mappings persist in the decision-makers’ repertoire because they result from learning processes that are adaptive in the broader context, either on the timescale of learning or of evolution. Self-control, then, is a form of cognitive control and the subjective feeling of effort likely reflects the true costs of cognitive control. Poor self-control, in this view, is ultimately a result of bounded optimality.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Selection of Nigerian Third-Party Logistics Service Providers Using Multi-Criteria Decision Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
E.A. Ejem ◽  
C.M. Uka ◽  
D.N. Dike ◽  
C.C. Ikeogu ◽  
C.C. Igboanusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Third Party Logistics ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Logistics Service Providers ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper is focused on solving the evaluation and selection of 3PL’s by applying multi-criteria decision-making methods. Nigerian Breweries, Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC), AG Leventis, Kobo logistics, and Flour Mills of Nigeria (FMN) were understudied. The main criteria on which evaluation is based were established: Cost, Service level, Financial Capability, Reputation and Long-term relationship. A combination of two quantitative models was adopted in the study. Relevant data were collected through an oral interview with managers and key decision-makers at the companies. SWARA was first applied to the collated data to determine the relative weights of the criteria. Afterwards, the TOPSIS was applied to the weights developed using SWARA and on the performance of the selected service providers. After the analysis, the best service provider was identified as supplier 2 while the worst was supplier 5.

scholarly journals GUIA METODOLOGICA PARA UN MANEJO INTEGRAL COSTERO APLICADO A PEHUEN CO (ARGENTINA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
María Luján Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Integrated Coastal Management ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Different Time Scales

Los planes de manejo integral costero (MIC) en Argentina son casi inexistentes. Al sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) es necesaria una planificación debido a la intensidad de la erosión costera que afecta en especial las zonas urbanizadas. Es necesario el trazado de estrategias de MIC que se puedan aplicar en toda la zona de forma sostenible. En este proceso es fundamental la participación y compromiso de los actores sociales. Por este motivo se construye una guía metodológica para un MIC con la participación social y se aplica a la localidad de Pehuen Co. Se obtuvo que la erosión costera y la estacionalidad turística son los ejes fundamentales, tanto para la visión científica como para la social. Sobre estos se delinearon acciones y estrategias a corto, medio y largo plazo e indicadores de seguimiento. Es necesario el compromiso de las autoridades locales, en trabajo conjunto con los actores sociales, para el correcto funcionamiento de los MIC.Palabras clave: Manejo Integral Costero; Indicadores Ambientales; Erosión; Estacionalidad Turística, Pehuen Co (Argentina).METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE FOR COASTAL MANAGEMENT INTEGRAL APPLIED TO PEHUEN CO (ARGENTINA)ABSTRACTThe integrated coastal managements (ICM) in Argentina are limited. To the south of the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) is necessary the incorporation of planning activities due to the coastal erosion is increasing. This process affect especially coastal cities. For these reason, is necessary to carry out ICM strategies that can be applied throughout the area. In order to do this, the stakeholder's perception was consider as a fundamental issue. In this context, a methodological ICM was built considering the stakeholders participation. The study area was Pehuen Co, Buenos Aires (Argentina). As a results, it was obtained that coastal erosion and tourism seasonality are the main activities to guide the ICM in this town. As a consequence, strategies in different time scales (short, medium and long term) and monitoring indicators were made. As a conclusion, the sustainability of the ICM is only possible if stakeholder and decision makers work together.Keywords: Integrated Coastal Management; Environmental Indicators; Erosion; Tourism Seasonality; Pehuen Co (Argentina).GUIA METODOLÓGICO PARA A GESTÃO COSTEIRA INTEGRAL APLICADA À PEHUÉN CO (ARGENTINA) RESUMOOs planos de gestão costeira integrada (GCI) na Argentina são quase inexistentes. No Sul da província de Buenos Aires (Argentina), o planejamento por causa da intensidade da erosão costeira, que afeta especialmente as áreas urbanizadas, é necessário. É fundamental ainda traçar estratégias de GCI que possam ser aplicadas em toda a área de forma sustentável. Neste processo, a participação e o compromisso dos atores sociais são fundamentais. Por esta razão, um guia metodológico foi construído para uma GCI com participação social e aplica-se à localidade de Pehuen Co. Obteve-se como resultado que a erosão costeira e a sazonalidade do turismo são os pilares tanto para a visão científica quanto para a social. Sobre isso, foram delineadas ações e estratégias a curto, médio e longo prazos e indicadores de acompanhamento. Concluiu-se que é necessário o compromisso das autoridades locais, trabalhando em conjunto com as partes interessadas, para o bom funcionamento do GCI.Palavras-chave: Gestão Integrada Costeira; Indicadores Ambientais; Erosão; Sazonalidade do Turismo; Pehuen Co (Argentina).

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