Large settlements in the north and northeast of central sughd in the early middle ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1376-1381
Author(s):  
Makhmudov Dilshod Abdukhalil Ugli
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The North

OSSETIAN EPIC AND ARCHAEOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Туаллагов
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Traditional Image ◽  
Written Sources

Статья посвящена проблеме появления в Нартовском эпосе осетин редкого образа ящерицы. Данный образ практически неизвестен в осетинских мифологических, этнографических и фольклорных материалах, что соответствует положению и у других кавказских народов. Указанное положение определяет актуальность предложенной к анализу темы. Научная новизна исследования заключается в анализе материалов осетинского эпоса в свете древнеиранских религиозно-мифологических представлений и археологических памятников. Целью исследования является определение источника и условий появления соответствующего зооморфного образа в аланских древностях и эпическом наследии осетин. В ходе исследования применялись метод комплексного анализа нарративных и археологических источников на основе принципа историзма и системности изложения. В результате проведенного исследования удалось выявить общий круг археологических и письменных источников, позволяющих определиться с источником появления образа ящерицы в осетинском эпосе. Данный зооморфный образ проникает к аланам в раннем средневековье через посредничество населения Северо-Западного Кавказа, испытывавшего на себе непосредственно влияние зороастризма за счет вхождения данной территории в состав Сасанидской Персии. Не исключено, что прототипом самого изображения мог служить один из местных видов ящериц. Но, если здесь образ ящерицы непосредственно соответствовал образам зороастрийских сил зла , то у алан он был переосмыслен в русле собственных мифологических представлений. Время его появления определяется соответствующими находками зеркал в аланских памятниках. Но образ ящерицы не смог заменить или потеснить традиционный образ змеи, представленный и в эпосе. В эпосе он только пополнил ряд образов гадов в сюжете о волшебной чаше. The article is devoted to the problem of the appearance of a rare image of a lizard in the Narts epic of the Ossetians. This image is practically unknown in Ossetian mythological, ethnographic and folklore materials, which corresponds to the situation in other Caucasian peoples. The specified position determines the relevance of the topic proposed for analysis. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the analysis of the materials of the Ossetian epic in the light of ancient Iranian religious and mythological representations and archaeological monuments. The aim of the study is to determine the source and conditions for the appearance of the corresponding zoomorphic image in the Alanian antiquities and the Ossetian epic heritage. In the course of the study the method of a comprehensive analysis of narrative and archaeological sources based on the principle of historicism and systematic presentation was applied. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify a common circle of archaeological and written sources, allowing to determine the source of the appearance of the image of a lizard in the Ossetian epic. This zoomorphic image penetrates to the Alans in the early Middle Ages through the mediation of the population of the North-West Caucasus, who experienced the direct influence of Zoroastrianism due to the entry of this territory into Sasanian Persia. It is possible that one of the local species of lizards could serve as the prototype of the image itself. But, if here the image of the lizard directly corresponded to the images of the Zoroastrian forces of evil , then among the Alans it was reconsidered in line with its own mythological ideas. The time of its appearance is determined by the corresponding finds of the mirrors in the Alanian monuments. But the image of a lizard could not replace or displace the traditional image of a snake, presented in the epic. In epic, it only replenished a number of images of reptiles in the plot of the magic cup.

scholarly journals A csoma-újtelepi késő avar kori temetőrészlet

2016 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Mátyás Harag
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Popu Lation ◽  
The North

The cemetery, which was discovered in the north-ern territory of Csoma (somogy County) in 1956, lies in the valley of river Kapos. In this region we know several cem-eteries from the Early Middle ages, but most of them are unpublished. according to the published sites, a large popu-lation lived there at the time of the fall of the avar Khagan-ate. Future research will be able to answer what happened with this people after the end of the avar rule. However, the first step in this research is to analyze and publish the un-published sites, like the Late avar age cemetery of Csoma.

scholarly journals SIEĆ OSADNICZA I SZLAKI KOMUNIKACYJNE NA ZACHÓD OD POZNAŃSKIEGO PRZEŁOMU WARTY W STARSZYCH FAZACH WCZESNEGO ŚREDNIOWIECZA

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-146
Author(s):  
Ewa Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The North ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
North Western ◽  
Over Time

In the oldest stages of the early Middle Ages, the settlements located between the Warta and the Obra were concentrated predominantly in a few areas: between the Warta, the Sama and the Samica Stęszewska, in the vicinity of Pniewy and Lwówek, and to the west of Sieraków. The resulting structure, over time supplemented with settlement clusters in Opalenica Plain, formed the basis for a network of gords established in the 9th and the early 10th centuries. The arrangement of hamlets and gords allowed to reconstruct long-range transport routes connecting these regions with south Wielkopolska, Lusatia as well as the north-western Slavic domains.

Georgien zwischen Eigenstaatlichkeit und russischer Okkupation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Ammon
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
John Steinbeck ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The North ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Reason Of State

Where lie the roots for the alienation between Russia and Georgia, two countries of the same Chalcedonian Creed, whose links go back to the early Middle Ages? Georgian influences can already be seen in the Glagolitic alphabet (9th century) and the Nestor Chronicle (12th century). The Russian longing for the Georgian paradise garden, the Vyrïj-sad, where birds migrate every year to spend the winter, is just as old. "Indeed, we began to believe that most Russians hope that if they live good and virtuos lives, they will not go to heaven, but to Georgia, when they die," writes John Steinbeck in the Russian Journal in 1948. After the fall of Constantinople, for the Georgians "the sun began to rise in the north", as the poet Mamuk´a Barat´ašvili puts it, but the Georgians missed the secularization of the "holy Rus´", which is no longer guided by the belief in an eschatalogical mission but by the reason of state. This misunderstanding causes an alienation and a tragedy that lasts until today.

Law and Its Use Among North Germanic Tribes: Frankish “Periphery” or Independent “Centres”?

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9 (107)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Mikhail Zemlyakov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Indirect Influence ◽  
The North ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Military ◽  
Germanic Languages

The article deals with several law codes of the early Middle Ages, namely the Law of Frisians, the Law of Saxons and the Law of Thuringians. The article basing on these juridical texts illustrates, that despite of the military pressure and the violent christianization of the Frankish conquerors in the 6th — 9th centuries in the Rhine bassin, tribal laws fixed in the reign of Charlemagne (768—814) continued to rely on the North Germanic languages, traditions of trial, social ranks and system of punishments. At the same time, the paper contains an analysis of the Frankish impact on the legal space and trial of the North Germans as well as of the direct and indirect influence of the South Germans (Allemanni, Bavarians), of the Langobards and of the Anglo-Saxons.

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