Evaluation of Glycogen Content in Oral Exfoliated Cells of Diabetes Mellitus Patients based on Staining Intensity with Periodic Acid Schiff

Background:Candida chorioamnionitis is rarely encountered, even though vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence is about 15%. Interestingly, it has characteristic gross and histological findings on the umbilical cord that are not to be missed. Case Report: We report two cases of Candida chorioamnionitis with presence of multiple yellowish and red spots of the surface of the umbilical cord. Microscopically, these consist of microabscesses with evidence of fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae. The yeasts and pseudohyphae were highlighted by periodic acid– Schiff and Grocott methenamine silver histochemical stains. Both cases were associated with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Discussion: Peripheral funisitis is a characteristic feature of Candida chorioamnionitis. It is associated with high risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes, such as preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. We recommend careful examination of the umbilical cord of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Feline Pituitary Adenomas: Correlation of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics With Clinical Findings and Case Outcome

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985820978309 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030098582097830

Author(s):

Margaret A. Miller ◽

Stacey L. Piotrowski ◽

Taryn A. Donovan ◽

J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff ◽

Tina J. Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Survival Time ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Study Results

Pituitary glands from 141 feline autopsy cases were reviewed histologically. Adenoma and hyperplasia were the most common lesions at 13 cases each. Pituitary adenoma was more likely than hyperplasia to be associated with clinical evidence of endocrinopathy or an intracranial mass ( P < .001). A histochemical and immunohistochemical panel was applied to 44 autopsy- or hypophysectomy-derived pituitary adenomas in 43 cats from 2 diagnostic laboratories. Adenomas were differentiated from hyperplasia by the presence of disrupted reticulin fibers. One cat had a double (somatotroph and melanotroph) adenoma. Twenty somatotroph adenomas consisted of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-negative acidophils that expressed growth hormone; 16/20 had hypersomatotropism; 17/20 had diabetes mellitus. Eleven melanotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-positive basophils or chromophobes that expressed melanocyte-stimulating and adrenocorticotrophic hormones; 5/11 had hypercortisolism; 6/11 had diabetes mellitus. Eleven gonadotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-negative chromophobes that expressed follicle-stimulating and/or luteinizing hormones. Two thyrotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-negative basophils or chromophobes that expressed thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pituitary-dependent disease was not recognized in cats with gonadotroph or thyrotroph adenomas. The Ki-67 proliferation index in hypophysectomy specimens was lower in somatotroph than in melanotroph adenomas. Fourteen cats with hypophysectomy-treated somatotroph or melanotroph adenoma had an 899-day median survival time versus 173 days in 17 nonsurgical cases. After adjusting for age, adenoma size and type, hypophysectomized cats had an overall better survival time than nonsurgical cases ( P = .029). The study results underscore the value of hypophysectomy and trophic hormone immunohistochemistry in the treatment and classification of feline pituitary adenomas.

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Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and steroid hepatopathy in a cat

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/15473317-35-1-48 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 48-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M Schaer ◽

PE Ginn

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Glycogen Accumulation ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

High Incidence ◽

Iatrogenic Cushing’S Syndrome

The distinguishing clinical features of Cushing's syndrome in the cat include very friable skin, a high incidence of diabetes mellitus, and the general absence of steroid hepatopathy. This case report describes a nine-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair with triamcinolone-induced Cushing's syndrome. Unique to this cat were markedly elevated liver enzymes which prompted an expanded clinical evaluation. An ultrasonographic-guided liver biopsy demonstrated diffuse hepatocellular vacuolation that stained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive and was removed subsequently with diastase application, indicating glycogen accumulation. These findings are compatible with the rarely seen syndrome of steroid hepatopathy in the cat.

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Morphological evaluation of canine platelets on Giemsa- and PAS-stained blood smears

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.53.2005.3.7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 337-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dóra Halmay ◽

P. Sótonyi ◽

P. Vajdovich ◽

T. Gaál

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Giant Platelets ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Blood Smears

The morphology of canine platelets (changes in size, shape, staining characteristics, degree of activation and clump formation, distribution of granules, appearance of vacuoles on Giemsa-stained smears) was investigated in 20 healthy control and 181 diseased dogs. In the group of the sick dogs 84 animals suffered from disorders affecting directly the haematological parameters or the haematopoietic organs such as bleeding, thymic haemorrhage, haemolytic disorders, lymphoma, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and other 97 dogs were affected by other diseases (hepatopathy, nephropathy, hepatic, splenic or intestinal neoplasm, skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, Cushing'ssyndrome, sepsis). The alterations found in platelet morphology were not specific for any disorder. The most common platelet abnormalities were polychromasia and the presence of giant platelets. These changes occurred in a high number in disorders accompanied by bleeding or haemolysis. Anisocytosis was the most frequent finding in hepatic, splenic or intestinal neoplasms and in certain endocrinopathies. Microcytosis was observed in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, hepatic neoplasms and endocrine disorders. Extreme platelet activation was common in haemolysis, hepatopathies, neoplastic diseases and sepsis. Vacuolisation was present in thymic haemorrhage, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A new morphologic phenomenon, i.e. a ring-like formation of granules, was described in the cytoplasm of the platelets both in healthy and diseased animals. In addition, two forms of pathologic granulation were also described for the first time in Giemsa-stained blood smears: the pseudonuclear and the spot-like formation of granules, which were observed especially in disorders affecting the blood cells. The granulation and morphological characteristics of platelets on smears stained by periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS) were also studied. Three localisations of granulation were observed, such as peripheral, eccentric and diffuse. The ratio of PAS-positive and -negative platelets was evaluated in several diseases. Our findings support the diagnostic value of platelet evaluation by light microscopy and help clinicians/clinical pathologists to understand why morphologic changes of thrombocytes might be expected in several diseases.

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Light microscopic study on the absorptive cells and goblet cells in the intestine of adult common carp Cyprinus carpio

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v43i1.485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 148-155

Author(s):

Khalid Hadi Kadhim

Keyword(s):

Alcian Blue ◽

Common Carp ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Posterior Portion ◽

Absorptive Cells ◽

Mucosal Folds

The purpose of this study was to describe of some histological structures and histochemical features of the absorptive cells and goblet cells in intestine of common carp. In this study, Fifteen adult male common carp were catching alive from the AL-Forat river, with age about (7 - 12) months and mean of their weight was (2100 ± 81 g) and mean standard length was (50.4 ± 3.1 cm), immediately after death.Incision was made through the midventral line of the fish just from cranial to the anus to expose the intestine, specimens of intestine were taken and washed with (0.9 %) normal saline solution. Ten samples were obtained from different regions of each portion of the intestine (anterior, middle and posterior), fixed by either 10% neutral buffered formalin or Bouin’s solution approximately 24 hours at room temperature and then treated by routine histological processing. The stains were used, Hematoxylin and Eosin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, and Combinated Alcian blue PH 2.5 plus periodic acid Schiff. The Mean number, height and width of mucosal folds were measured and counts of goblet cells in the mucosal folds of each portion of the intestine. The results showed that the intestinal epithelium is simple columnar, the enterocytes were tall columnar cells with brush border; goblet cells were ovoid, located between the enterocytes. The folds composed of the entire thickness of the mucosa, mean number, height and width of the mucosal folds were few in posterior portion of intestine compare with that in other portions. The anterior portion of the intestine has largest number of mucosal folds, while has less number of goblet cells compare to middle and posterior portions of the intestine. The epithelial cells stained red-purple by periodic acid Schiff stain with Alcian blue, the goblet cells were take positive reaction with periodic acid Schiff stain, and with Alcian blue plus periodic acid Schiff, while negative with only Alcian blue stain. Glycoprotein staining intensity varied from very weak to moderate, whereby the presence of neutral, acidic and sulphatedglycoconjugates. In conclusion, numbers of goblet cells were observed to be increased towards posterior portion of intestine required as lubricant for fecal expulsion, and reversed relation between number of the folds and goblet cells.

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Circadian rhythm of glycogen in the hamster diaphragm

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y93-131 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 868-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. Darlene Reid ◽

Cheryl L. Cairns ◽

Frank Chung ◽

Barry R. Wiggs ◽

Angelo N. Belcastro

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Variation ◽

Fibre Type ◽

Glycogen Content ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Diurnal Fluctuation ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Left Hemidiaphragm ◽

The Right ◽

Glycogen Stores ◽

Good Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal fluctuation of glycogen stores for the whole hemidiaphragm and within a specific myofibrillar ATPase (M-ATPase) fibre type and diaphragmatic region. Fifty-six golden Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into six groups according to the time of sampling biopsies from the diaphragm: 03:00, 07:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, and 23:00. The right hemidiaphragm was quick frozen and biochemically assayed for glycogen levels. Biopsies from the left hemidiaphragm of the same animal were cut from the anterior costal and crural regions, and stained with periodic acid – Schiff (PAS) and for M-ATPase. Optical density measures of PAS-stained fibres were determined to quantitate glycogen in different M-ATPase fibre types and diaphragmatic regions. Biochemical assay of the entire hemidiaphragm showed slightly greater glycogen content of biopsies taken at 11:00 and 15:00 than at 03:00, 19:00, and 23.00 (range of differences: 6.4–10.0%). However, glycogen levels within a specific M-ATPase fibre type and diaphragm region were not different in biopsies sampled at different times. Because the hamster has a small diurnal variation of glycogen in the diaphragm, which is similar to the small diurnal variation of glycogen in human skeletal muscle, this species may be a good animal model for metabolic studies of the diaphragm that could be affected by diurnal glycogen variability.Key words: periodic acid – Schiff, costal region, crural region, fibre type.

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Incidence of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy: Necropsy Study of 225 Horses

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.42-6-823 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 823-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

B. A. Valentine ◽

B. J. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Glycogen Content ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Size Variation ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Routine Manner ◽

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy ◽

Fiber Size ◽

Myopathic Change ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Myopathic Changes

Muscle samples were obtained at necropsy from 225 horses and ponies 1 year of age or older. Samples were processed in routine manner and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with periodic acid-Schiff for glycogen. Sections were examined for abnormal glycogen content and amylase- resistant complex polysaccharide and for chronic myopathic change (excessive fiber size variation, increase in number of internal nuclei). A total of 101 horses and ponies with lesions of polysaccharide storage myopathy were identified. Age of affected horses ranged from one to 30 years, with a mean of 14.7 years. Mean age of nonaffected horses was 12 years. Incidence of polysaccharide storage myopathy varied depending on breed; Thoroughbreds had the lowest (27%) and draft-related horses had the highest (86%) incidence. Chronic myopathic changes were more severe in polysaccharide storage myopathy-affected horses than in nonaffected horses. Results of this study indicate that polysaccharide storage myopathy is a common disorder of many breeds of horses and ponies.

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Tissue expression of osteopontin (OPN) and mesothelin (MES) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). An immunohistochemical study of 70 consecutive cases

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22102 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e22102-e22102

Author(s):

P. Betta ◽

R. Libener ◽

S. Orecchia ◽

M. Salvio ◽

E. Arnolfo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Tissue Expression ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Mesothelial Cells ◽

Tumour Cells ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Cytokeratin 5

e22102 Background: There is still no single test that can reliably identify malignant mesothelial cells. Recently soluble MES and OPN have been proposed as novel serum markers for MPM but a definitive consensus on their use in routine is still lacking. This study aims at 1. analysing the essential pathological features of a series of consecutive MPMs from a single institution and 2. assessing the tumour tissue expression of OPN and MES and speculating about the potential biological role of these molecules in MPM. Methods: All MPMs diagnosed between 1999 and 2008 were retrieved from the archives of the Pathology Unit of Alessandria Hospital. All the diagnoses had been made on the basis of conventional light microscopy features supplemented by a mucin stain (periodic acid-Schiff with and without diastase treatment) and a panel of immunostains (carcinoembryonic antigen, CD15/LeuM1, BerEP4, calretinin and cytokeratin 5). Immunostaining for OPN (polyclonal antibody) and MES (monoclonal antibody, clone 5B2) was performed using the labelled streptavidin-biotin method, and the staining intensity and extent were assessed. Results: The study group consisted of 50 males and 20 females with a mean age at diagnosis of 78.4 years (range 47–92). Histopathology was epithelial, mixed, and sarcomatous in 52, 12, and 6 patients respectively. OPN positivity (percentage of positive tumour cells >10%) was observed in 67 MPMs (96%) mostly in a granular cytoplasmic pattern and with an intensity ranging from weak (25%) to moderate (31%) and strong (44%). MES positivity (percentage of positive tumour cells >10%) was recorded in 60 MPMs (86%), of which 36% exhibited a weak, 36% a moderate and 28% a strong immunostaining in a membrane pattern. MES was positive in 100% of epithelial MPMs, in 67% of mixed and in 0% of sarcomatous. Positivity was restricted to the epithelial component in mixed MPMs. Conclusions: The high expression of OPN in MPM, irrespective of the histotype, seems to point to a role of this molecule as a marker of malignant transformation of mesothelial cells, while the restriction of positive staining for MES to the epithelial phenotype supports a role of MES as a marker of epithelial differentiation in MPM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Metal Induced Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Due to Toxicological Effects of Mercury: Influence of Environmental Threats

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.15.3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 470-476

Author(s):

Srikanta Guria

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pancreatic Islets ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Treated Group ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Membrane Rupture

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition of hyperglycemia due to defects of insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Toxic metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, arsenic and mercury have been identified which accumulate in various biological samples from T2D (type 2 diabetes) patients through environmental pollution and food chain. Present study will elucidate the toxicological effects of mercury (II) chloride in the pancreatic islets and liver tissues of rat which leads to dysfunction and degeneration of pancreatic islets and liver. Photomicrograph of histology of treated pancreas exhibited the disruption of islets, disorientation of cells and disruption of connective tissue septa. In mercury (II) chloride treated group pancreatic cells were found to be pyknotic and cellular death was confirmed by membrane rupture and necrosis. Alteration of blood glucose levels were observed by glucose tolerance test. The liver sections of rats treated with mercury (II) chloride showed modification in the structure of this organ. Treated liver showed lower periodic acid/Schiff response. In this study, changes in the architecture of pancreatic islets as well as liver may be the reason behind diabetes.

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A STUDY OF THE LOCALIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GLYCOGEN IN EARLY STAGES OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z56-009 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David J. McCallion ◽

Wai Tuen Wong

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Glycogen Content ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Germ Layers ◽

Process Stage ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Schiff Reagent ◽

Early Developmental

The localization and distribution of glycogen in the germ layers of chick embryos at stages 4, 5, and 6 (Lillie and Hamilton, 1952) was studied by means of the periodic acid – Schiff reagent as used by McManus (1948). In general the glycogen content of the embryos is greatest in the definitive streak stage, less in the head process stage, and least in the head fold stage. Glycogen is abundant in the ectoderm of embryos at stage 4, with a moderate decrease in stages 5 and 6. Glycogen is scarce or almost absent in the mesoderm and endoderm at all stages. There is a definite relationship between the amounts and distribution of glycogen and early developmental processes.

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