scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S upon 18th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Grabus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subject Indexing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metadata Generation

This research compares automatic subject metadata generation when the pre-1800s Long-S character is corrected to a standard < s >. The test environment includes entries from the third edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, and the HIVE automatic subject indexing tool. A comparative study of metadata generated before and after correction of the Long-S demonstrated an average of 26.51 percent potentially relevant terms per entry omitted from results if the Long-S is not corrected. Results confirm that correcting the Long-S increases the availability of terms that can be used for creating quality metadata records. A relationship is also demonstrated between shorter entries and an increase in omitted terms when the Long-S is not corrected.

scholarly journals Impact of the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth in the prevention of delivery hemorrhage in the obstetrical gynecology department

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Jeremie Pagnol Bille Bonga ◽  
Michele Corneille Matchim Kamdem ◽  
Leila Sandra Nnanga ◽  
Ghislain François Eyimi Abessolo ◽  
Marcellin Ndoe Guiaro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Background: The majority of pregnancies and births proceed without complications. However, all pregnancies present risks of complications that could endanger the maternal prognosis. One of the most serious of these complications is the bleeding during delivery. It’s often unpredictable nature, when it occurs, involves an urgent obstetric situation which requires early diagnosis and rapid and effective follow-up. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third phase of childbirth in the prevention of bleeding during delivery with our place of study, the obstetrical gynecology department of Kindia regional hospital (Konacri Guinea), with the aim of optimizing the follow-up care of pregnant women during their childbirth. Methodology: We carried out a case-control study with both retrospective and prospective data collection on the records of participants with cases of hemorrhage during delivery in the gynecology department of the Kindia regional hospital. Retrospective data collection covered a period of 25 months before the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth and concerned the control group of study participants, while the one of prospective data covered a period of 19 months after the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth from the 1st January 2019 to 30th September 2020 and concerned the cases group. The criteria for matching these two groups of study participants were the diagnosis and the follow-up of the delivery hemorrhage. Results: During our study period in the gynecology department of the Kindia regional hospital, we identified 223 cases of delivery hemorrhage out of 2198 deliveries before the period of introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage. This represents an incidence of 10.14%, compared to 73 cases of delivery hemorrhage out of 2714 deliveries during the period of the active follow-up care of the third stage. For an incidence of 2.68%. We found that the hemorrhages during delivery did not spare any age group and were observed for all parities. There were common reasons for admission before and after the integration of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth namely vulvar hemorrhage and physical asthenia, which were reflected in the clinical picture of all cases bleeding from the issue. In addition, headaches, dizziness, and thirst were found, but in different proportions and significantly less frequent since the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth. This sign were in this context the consequence of the state of shock with respective frequencies of 46.63% and 28.76% before and after the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth and anemia was present in all cases of delivery hemorrhage. Conclusion: The introduction of active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth has reduced the frequency of delivery hemorrhages and may therefore help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

THE IMPACT OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL AFFIXES IN THE LINGUISTIC ECONOMY“A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HEBREW AND ARABIC LANGUAGE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-338
Author(s):  
Ibtisam Jebur MNEHIL, Ban Salih Mahdi AL KHAFAJI ◽  
Rasheed Ghazwan MAJEED
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

The research paper focuses on the morphological affixes in the two languages, Arabic and Hebrew and the impact of these affixes in the linguistic economy. The study aims at gaining knowledge of what linguistic economy achieved by morphological affixes which contribute in creating the rich meaning by little pronunciation as well as making a comparison between the two languages to know the language that is the most economic than the other and investigating the reasons behind this economy. The research is divided into three sections. The first one focuses on the morphological prefixes; the second one on the internal affixations; and the third one on morphological suffixes. The study concluded that there is a great similarity between the Hebrew and Arabic languages in many of the morphological affixations in addition to the simple differences between the two languages. An aspect of this difference is that the Hebrew language tends to borrow the affixations from the foreign languages more than the Arabic language.

scholarly journals Increased Red Blood Cell Stiffness Increases Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Schreier ◽  
Omid Forouzan ◽  
Timothy A. Hacker ◽  
John Sheehan ◽  
Naomi Chesler
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vascular Impedance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Impact

Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) have a significantly increased risk of sudden death compared to patients with SCD alone. Sickled red blood cells (RBCs) are stiffer, more dense, more frequently undergo hemolysis, and have a sixfold shorter lifespan compared to normal RBCs. Here, we sought to investigate the impact of increased RBC stiffness, independent of other SCD-related biological and mechanical RBC abnormalities, on the hemodynamic changes that ultimately cause PH and increase mortality in SCD. To do so, pulmonary vascular impedance (PVZ) measures were recorded in control C57BL6 mice before and after ∼50 μl of blood (Hct = 45%) was extracted and replaced with an equal volume of blood containing either untreated RBCs or RBCs chemically stiffened with glutaraldehyde (Hct = 45%). Chemically stiffened RBCs increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (13.5 ± 0.6 mmHg at baseline to 23.2 ± 0.7 mmHg after the third injection), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (1.23 ± 0.11 mmHg*min/ml at baseline to 2.24 ± 0.14 mmHg*min/ml after the third injection), and wave reflections (0.31 ± 0.02 at baseline to 0.43 ± 0.03 after the third injection). Chemically stiffened RBCs also decreased cardiac output, but did not change hematocrit, blood viscosity, pulmonary arterial compliance, or heart rate. The main finding of this study is that increased RBC stiffness alone affects pulmonary pulsatile hemodynamics, which suggests that RBC stiffness plays an important role in the development of PH in patients with SCD.

scholarly journals The Influence of Football Training Based on Big Data on Physical Function and Football Skills

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Changjun Hu ◽  
Yang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Football Training ◽  
The Impact

In order to actively respond to the government’s call to scientifically create campus football culture, combine the characteristics of football sports, and improve people’s understanding of the mental and intellectual functions of football, this article focuses on the impact of football training on physical function and football technology. Based on the understanding of related theories, the experiment on the impact of football training on physical function and football technology was carried out. The experimental results showed that the weight, height, and BMI increased significantly during the period of football training ( P < 0.05 ). The independent sample T test showed that there were no significant differences in height, weight, and BMI between the two groups before and after training; the standing long jump performance of the control group after training showed an upward trend, but the significance level was not statistically significant. Three months later, the time for the experimental team to complete the eight-character dribble test in football training was reduced from 20.51 seconds to 15.57 seconds. The independent sample T test found that there was no significant difference in the physical fitness of the two groups before training and the changes in football skills of the subjects before and after training. Then, the clustering algorithm in the big data was used to analyze the data of the experimental group. The standing long jump has the highest performance; the second category belongs to the third level, and the third category belongs to the second level.

Latin American Print Culture in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Censorship and Public Sphere Before and After the Independence War

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Dalia Valdez Garza
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The history of print culture in Latin America is not only about the world of books propagated by an intellectual elite who exerted influence and advanced civic discourse by publishing their works, their intimate reading customs, and exclusive kinds of sociabilities—even during the Enlightenment. Not even the increase in literacy among the general population lessens the importance of oral practice traditions among their potential readers. This is made evident not only when identifying the kinds of sociabilities based on reading among different social classes but when observing the role and impact of print during the reign of the Spanish Crown in the Americas. In this way, we can identify the role of publishers, print culture, and books. To think about print culture beyond the printed book and prevailing print genres enables us to attain the broadest understanding of printing typology that served the intellectual elite and those materials that responded to the daily requirements related to public governance and professional or family life. Widening this perspective leads to the understanding of the appearance during the 18th century of the periodical that even with a civil and religious censorship served to advance the principles of discussion based on reason; while during the 19th century, with freedom in printing, periodicals consolidate themselves as protagonists in political discourse. Therefore it is necessary to imagine the impact of publishing and print culture on people’s lives beyond the members of the Republic of Letters and to weigh the impact of print on an illiterate audience whose lives were also shaped by print culture. The cultural practices related mainly to reading, sociabilities, conversation, and publicizing (in the sense of “making public”) are those that bring to light the cultural significance of print.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY: IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON PHARMACEUTICAL SECTORS ACROSS THE GLOBE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaz Bilimoria ◽  
Tanaz Bilimoria ◽  
Tanaz Bilimoria ◽  
Tanaz Bilimoria
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
News Announcements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Stocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

The following paper analyses the comprehensive impact of COVID-19 as a pandemic on the pharmaceutical sector, by analyzing the effect on indices of 3 countries that were similarly hit. The various indices selected move based on the underlying stocks giving a comprehensive view on the pharma sectors of India, U.S. and U.K. The general assumption would be that the pharmaceutical sector would react to favourable news. However, this is not what we inferred for the countries we researched on for each announcement. The news events taken into consideration include WHO announcing COVID-19 as a pandemic, Oxford University announcing the resuming of trials and the last is the comprehensive effect of the two aforementioned news announcements. The data collected is based on 30 market days before and after the news announcements ranging from 28th January 2020 to 26th October 2020 for the 3 pharma indices respectively. Paired t-test and ANOVA are used to analyze the impact of announcement and degree of variance between the countries for each announcement considered. The various indices of impacted countries showed different reactions to the announcements. None of the countries showed any significant similarity among themselves with respect to the indices.

scholarly journals The Impact of Meaning Expansion at Al-Safadi in The Interpretation of Kashif Al-Asrar Wa Hatik Al-Star

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Azhar Muadh Abdulaleem Alsaadi
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The expansion of meaning in the linguistic connotation in general and the Qur’an in particular is broad and multifaceted, represented by the ability of a single word or phrase to bear the meanings of several in a single expression. The context of the text and its coordination with what is before and after it to find out the intended meaning, and Al-Safadi was aware of his linguistic taste in standing on the phenomenon (expansion of meaning) and turned in his mindset the interpretation of possible meanings according to what the context requires in the Qur’anic expression. In this research, I will discuss some of the expressions that Al-Safadi expands on the meaning of some of the verbs mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in the context of his interpretation of the Qur’anic verses. The research was divided into three demands: The first topic: Expanding the meaning of the past tense. The second topic: Expanding the meaning of the present verb. The third topic: Expanding the meaning of the verb command.

The Urbanisation Effects of a Third London Airport

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Cripps ◽  
D.H.S. Foot
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Activity Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conditional Prediction

This paper describes an application of a Lowry type model in a comparative study of the urbanisation effects, on an outer metropolitan sub-region, of locating the third London airport on two of the sites proposed by the Roskill Commission. The sites are at Cublington in Buckinghamshire and Thurleigh in Bedfordshire. No detailed attempt is made to explain the formal structure of the model. Attention is focussed instead on a description of the impact, in terms of activity change and inter-urban journeys, on the spatial structure of the Bedfordshire sub-region. The model is used first in a one-shot conditional prediction of the growth of the sub-region without an airport, and then including the airport in each of the proposed locations.

Do English NHS waiting time targets distort treatment priorities in orthopaedic surgery?

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Appleby ◽  
Seán Boyle ◽  
Nancy Devlin ◽  
Mike Harley ◽  
Anthony Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Priorities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expected Increase

Objectives: To assess and quantify the impact of guarantees on maximum waiting times on clinical decisions to admit patients from waiting lists for orthopaedic surgery. Methods: Before and after comparative study, analysing changes in waiting times distributions between 1997/8 and 2001/2 for waiting list and booked inpatients and day cases admitted for elective treatments in trauma and orthopaedics in English hospitals. Results: The 2001/2 maximum waiting time target of 15 months did change the pattern of admissions for trauma and orthopaedic elective inpatients, with a net increase in admissions in that year, compared with 1997/8 (and over and above the 30,259 (7.6%) overall increase in all admissions) of patients who had waited around 15 months, of 9333. There was little indication that these additional admissions displaced shorter wait patients. In absolute and proportional terms, admissions increased for all waiting time categories except very short waiters – one to two weeks (an absolute fall of 2901 and a relative fall of 6591), and those waiting 40–41 weeks. The latter fall was only 111 patients in absolute terms (or 577 relative to the expected increase), however. The former much larger reduction may be an indication of clinical distortions, but it is unclear why very short wait (presumably more urgent) patients should disproportionately suffer compared with longer wait (presumably less urgent) cases. In addition, there was little indication that more minor cases usurped more major cases: 57% of the increase consisted of knee and hip replacement procedures, for example. Conclusions: While the 2001/2 waiting times target demonstrably changed admission patterns (and was a major contribution to the reduction in long waits), the extent to which this represented significant and clinically relevant distortions is questionable given the lack of widely accepted admission criteria. However, as targets become progressively tougher, there is a need to monitor consultants' concerns more closely.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Change of Water Polo Rules on the Game Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Novica Gardasevic ◽  
Marko Joksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Game ◽  
T Test ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Game Dynamics ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Water ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This research aimed to identify a change in the dynamics of the water polo game related to identifying differences in the number of goals scored before and after the introduction of the current 2019 rules. The sample analyzed 96 matches from the 2018 and 2020 European Water Polo Championships. The sample of variables included five variables for both subsamples, which referred to the total number of goals scored in the match, as well as the total number of goals per quarter. By applying the T-test for small independent samples, it was determined that at a statistically significant level, a higher number of goals was achieved in the third and fourth quarters, as well as the total number of goals in the 2020 European Championship in Hungary, compared to the 2018 European Championship in Spain. No statistically significant differences were found in the variables related to the total number of goals in the first and second quarters of the water polo match. The rule change, which came into force in 2019, was driven by changes in the game that directly reflected in a more dynamic game that resulted in more goals per game as well as in the final quarter of the game. These changes were undoubtedly preceded by changes in the total number of attacks, faster swimming, more frequent shots, which should definitely be determined by additional research.

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