scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY: IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON PHARMACEUTICAL SECTORS ACROSS THE GLOBE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaz Bilimoria ◽  
Tanaz Bilimoria ◽  
Tanaz Bilimoria ◽  
Tanaz Bilimoria
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
News Announcements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Stocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

The following paper analyses the comprehensive impact of COVID-19 as a pandemic on the pharmaceutical sector, by analyzing the effect on indices of 3 countries that were similarly hit. The various indices selected move based on the underlying stocks giving a comprehensive view on the pharma sectors of India, U.S. and U.K. The general assumption would be that the pharmaceutical sector would react to favourable news. However, this is not what we inferred for the countries we researched on for each announcement. The news events taken into consideration include WHO announcing COVID-19 as a pandemic, Oxford University announcing the resuming of trials and the last is the comprehensive effect of the two aforementioned news announcements. The data collected is based on 30 market days before and after the news announcements ranging from 28th January 2020 to 26th October 2020 for the 3 pharma indices respectively. Paired t-test and ANOVA are used to analyze the impact of announcement and degree of variance between the countries for each announcement considered. The various indices of impacted countries showed different reactions to the announcements. None of the countries showed any significant similarity among themselves with respect to the indices.

Equine hindlimb hoof biomechanics: an evaluation of the effect of routine hoof trimming on force and pressure distribution at midstance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
B. Faramarzi ◽  
M. Polniaszek ◽  
F. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pressure Plate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness ◽  
Paired T Test

Proper hoof function is vital for equine health and performance. Many musculoskeletal injuries in horses originate from the foot. Most studies performed to date have focused on the forehoof while the hindhoof (HH) has received less attention. Our goal was to examine the influence of routine hoof trimming on HH medio-lateral hoof balance. The objective of this study was to examine force (F), contact pressure (CP), and contact area (CA) at the medial and lateral aspects of the HH to evaluate the impact of routine hoof trimming on HH biomechanics. Clinically sound Arabian horses (n=9) were walked across a calibrated pressure plate before and after routine hoof trimming and the F, CP, and CA at the medial and lateral aspects of the HH were recorded at midstance pre- and post-trimming. The differences between these regions were investigated using a paired T-test. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Among measured variables, force increased by 25% (P=0.007) and contact pressure increased by 13% (P=0.032) at the medial aspect of the HH after routine hoof trimming. Analysing data from hindlimb hoof-surface interaction in sound horses will allow for a better understanding of imbalances that may lead to pathologies and hindlimb lameness in horses.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Selective Attention of Subjects Before and After Music

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-628
Author(s):  
Nisha Ghimire ◽  
Renu Yadav ◽  
Soumitra Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
After Error

Introduction: Studies have shown different views regarding the effect of music in vitals e.g Heart rate (HR), Blood pressure (BP) and atiention. The effect of preferred music with lyrics in vitals and reaction time in stroop test has not been performed in Nepalese students so, we conducted the study. Objective: To find out the change in HR, BP and reaction time in Stroop test before and after their preferred music with lyrics. Methodology Thirty male medical and paramedical students aged 25.27 ± 2.0 participated in study. The vital signs and reaction time in Stroop test before and after music was taken. Results Paired-t test was used to compare means before and after exposure to music. The means are expressed as Mean ± SD. Heart rate (HR) increased after exposure to music (66.33±9.51 Vs 67.2±8.44) (p<.05). The error in Stroop test was less after music (.66±.49 Vs.63±.66) (p<.05). The reaction time after error correction decreased post exposure to music (24.117±4.61Vs23.29±4.45) (p<.05). Conclusion The heart rate increased after exposure to music. The errors decreased after listening to music which also decreased reaction time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending on Business Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Rindah Febriana Suryawati ◽  
Duhita Paramaramya Putri Nurdana
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
T Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P2p Lending ◽  
Peer Lending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

The problem faced by most micro-entrepreneurs in Indonesia is financing business. Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is a non-bank financial institution that can be an alternative source of financing because of the requirements and easy application usage. This study aims to analyze the impact of peer-to-peer lending on business expenses, business turnover, total employment, total sales of products, and profits before and after obtaining a peer-to-peer lending loan and analyze factors affecting the increase in business turnover after getting a loan through peer-to-peer lending. The methods used in this study include the descriptive analysis method, paired t-test, and ordinary least square (OLS). The paired t-test results indicate that there is a significant difference between business expenses, business turnover, the amount of labor, the number of product sales, and profit before and after obtaining a peer-to-peer lending loan. The result of analysis with the OLS method shows that the length of business and expenditure of the business has a significant effect on the development of respondents' business turnover.

scholarly journals Leadership Style And Organizational Culture In Learning Organization: A Comparative Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
The Impact

Scholars and practitioners have identified transformational leadership and organizational culture as important factors that influence the development of learning organization. Yet, few studies have empirically examined the impact of transformational leadership and organizational culture on learning organization. This study proposes hypotheses to understand the impact of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the development of learning organization. Data was collected from the pharmaceutical sector and a comparison was drawn between India and Nepal. Results indicate transformational leadership and organizational culture have a positive influence in the development of learning organization. The implication of the findings and possible directions for future research are discussed.

PSYCHOEDUCATION REDUCES ANXIETY IN ELDERLY WITH HYPERTENSION IN NAMBAKOR VILLAGE SARONGGI DISTRICT SUMENEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Emdat Suprayitno ◽  
Zakiyah Yasin ◽  
Istiqamatul Karamah ◽  
Dian Ika Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

 Introduction: The problems in hypertension will cause emotional or mental disorders, one of which is anxiety. Feelings arise due to the fear and ignorance of an individual about hypertension experienced and the impact that will occur in the future. Psychoeducation is the provision of information about disease management and individual psychological aspects. This study aims to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the anxiety level of elderly patients with hypertension in Nambakor Village, Saronggi District.Methods: This research method is pre-experimental with the research design is one group pre test post test. The sampling technique used is Random Sampling and the number of samples is 30 respondents. Data collection using a questionnaire on the level of anxiety Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.Result: The results showed that the mean of the anxiety score before the psychoeducation intervention was 24,43±7,60 and the mean of the anxiety score after the psychoeducation intervention was was 23,23 ± 7,83. The results of the paired t test of anxiety score was p = 0.002, means that there is significant difference in anxiety scores before and after psychoeducation.Conclusion: There is an influence of psychoeducation on the level of anxiety in the elderly with hypertension. The conclusion obtained is that psychoeducation can increase knowledge in patients with hypertension so that it is expected to be one form of intervention that can be applied. 

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF "SM" TOOL TO REDUCE DETERGENT LEVELS IN LAUNDRY WASTEWATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Tri Marthy Mulyasari
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

Introduction: The use of detergent every year is increasing in line with the population growth rate in Indonesia. The impact of excessive use of detergent will result in pollution and damage to ecosystems and aquatic biota. The nature of detergents is to damage microorganisms. The dominant laundry waste comes from softeners and detergents. The research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the "SM" tool to reduce detergent levels in laundry wastewater. Methods: This type of research was pre-experimental with a one-shot case study design. The independent variable was a tool to recycle laundry liquid waste into clean water "SM." The dependent variable was the detergent level (MBAS). The sample came from the laundry in the Kecamatan Baturraden area. Replication was carried out six times. Analyzing differences in detergent levels before and after being treated with the "SM" tool. The analysis used a paired T test. Result and discussion: The experimental results showed the “SM” tool could treat 960 liters of wastewater/day. The physical quality of the water after being treated using the “SM” tool, the water was colorless or clear, but it still smelled slightly fragrantly. The average level of detergent level checks before processing was 2.52 mg/L and after processing was 0.01 mg/L. The effective detergent parameter (MBAS) decreased by 99.51%, categorized as quite effective. The analysis using the paired T Test showed the p value of 0.239 with the lower and upper values being at one pole, meaning there was a significant difference between detergent levels before and after being processed utilizing the "SM" tool. Conclusion: Detergent levels (MBAS) after processing met the chemical quality requirements of clean water in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 32 of 2017 concerning Environmental Health Quality Standards and Water Health Requirements for Sanitation Hygiene, Solus Per Aqua and Public Bathing Needs.

scholarly journals Leadership Style And Organizational Culture In Learning Organization: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Sapna Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
The Impact

Scholars and practitioners have identified transformational leadership and organizational culture as important factors that influence the development of learning organization. Yet, few studies have empirically examined the impact of transformational leadership and organizational culture on learning organization. This study proposes hypotheses to understand the impact of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the development of learning organization. Data was collected from the pharmaceutical sector and a comparison was drawn between India and Nepal. Results indicate transformational leadership and organizational culture have a positive influence in the development of learning organization. The implication of the findings and possible directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK PEMBIAYAAN QARDUN HASAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PEDAGANG DI ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Damanhur Damanhur ◽  
Wahyudiah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Banda Aceh

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Impact of Qardun Hasan Financing on the Well-Being of Traders in the Lambaro Banda Aceh market. The data used in this study are primary data using sequential time data. The number of samples in this study were 34 members of the Banda Aceh Baitul Misyakat Sharia Cooperative whose receipts were traders in the Lambaro Banda Aceh market using accidental sampling techniques. Data obtained through interviews and questionnaires. The method of data analysis in this study used a paired t test method. The results of this study found that there was an impact on the welfare of traders as measured by religious activity, income, savings and alms. The four indicators showed an impact on the welfare of traders, this was concluded after looking at the conditions and data of traders before and after receiving Qardun Hasan's financing.

DEMONETISATION AND GOLD: A STUDY OF INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

On November 8, 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetization of Rs. 500 and Rs.1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series. This is required to tackle counterfeiting Indian banknotes, to effectively nullify black money hoarded in cash and curb funding of terrorism with fake notes. The present study examines the impact of demonetization decision on gold prices in India. It is studied by comparing the data of gold prices for 30 days, 15 days and 7 days before and after November 8, 2016. The data consists of daily prices of gold obtained from World Gold Council database. Paired t-test and wilcoxon signed ranks test are used to study the statistical significance of the results. It has been found that demonetization decision has significantly reduced the price of gold in India. It may be due to the reason that after demonetization announcement, income tax department tightened the noose around the jewellers as people rushed to convert their old currency notes (Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000) into precious metal gold. It resulted in dropping the price of gold in India in short run.

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