scholarly journals El Pensamiento computacional: ¿Una nueva forma de entrenar la memoria de trabajo?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sanabria Zafra ◽  
Noelia Rodríguez Rodríguez ◽  
Andrés Eduardo Zerpa Pérez ◽  
Pedro Prieto Marañón ◽  
María Ángeles Alonso Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

El pensamiento computacional es un concepto reciente que ha cobrado importancia en los últimos años. Se ha encontrado que entrenamientos basados en este concepto, son capaces de producir mejoras en diversas funciones cognitivas. En este trabajo se ha empleado un entrenamiento basado en el pensamiento computacional elaborado por el Aula Cultural de Pensamiento Computacional y la Fundación general de la Universidad de La Laguna. El entrenamiento se aplicó a alumnos de secundaria divididos en dos grupos: un grupo que se basaba en una metodología de aprendizaje guiada y otro basado en una metodología de aprendizaje por descubrimiento. El objetivo es comprobar si el entrenamiento es capaz de producir mejoras en las medidas de memoria de trabajo y si es más beneficioso para los participantes con un nivel de memoria de trabajo alto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el entrenamiento, independientemente de la metodología que se aplique es capaz de producir mejoras en las diferentes medidas de memoria trabajo. Así mismo, no se encontró evidencia de que los participantes con un nivel de memoria de trabajo alto se beneficien más del entrenamiento en la mayoría de las pruebas, pero si se encontró un beneficio mayor de estos en la prueba de figuras abstractas. Computational thinking is a new concept wich has been adquiring relevance in the last few years. There are some evidence of trainings based on this new concept improving different cognitive abilities. In this paper, it has been used a training based on computational thinking, designed by “aula cultural de pensamiento computacional” and the general fundation of the University of La Laguna. This training was applied to students of secondary obligatory education who had been divided into two grups: one group recives the training with a methodology based in guide learning and the other group recived the training based on autolearning methodology. The main objective of this paper is to prove that training can improve the measures of working memory and check if the participants who have a high level of working memory take more benefits of the training. The results show that the training based on computational thinking improved the measures of working memory. In addition, there was no evidence of a higher level of benefit of the training in most of the taskes in the participants who have a high working memory level.

scholarly journals Decisions on driving after brain injury/disease: Feasibility and construct validity of a new simulator assessment tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262095098
Author(s):  
Kersti Samuelsson ◽  
Ewa Wressle
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Introduction Driving is a complex activity involving a high level of cognitive abilities and thus might be affected after a brain injury/disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility and construct validity of a driving simulator tool as a complement to existing driving assessments of patients with cognitive dysfunctions after a brain injury/disease. Method A descriptive and prospective research design was achieved. For construct validation, decisions were based on results from the Useful Field of View, Nordic Stroke Driver Screening Assessment, Trail Making Test and, when necessary for the decision, an on-road observation. Results from the simulator tool were not included in the clinical decision process. Results A total of 129 patients from four different rehabilitation services were included. The results showed a significant difference in test results between those who were considered medically fit versus unfit to drive. A factor analysis revealed four components, all including attention in combination with processing speed, visuospatial function, simultaneous capacity and executive function; these are all represented in the simulator tool. A correlation analysis showed that simulator subtest 3 (response/divergent response to stimuli) had the strongest correlation with most of the other tests included. Conclusions The simulator was found to be feasible and valid and found to include components other than those measured in the other tests.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR MANAGING YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN’S RESEARCH AND PROJECT ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Polina Viktorovna SMIRNOVA ◽  
Yulia Aleksandrovna SEREBRENNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Project Activity ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Training Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

We present the experience of reflexive activity approach to the preparation of future teachers to work on the management of project and research activities of younger schoolchildren. The theoretical basis of the research conducted at the university school of the Moscow City University is revealed. The description of an empirical stage of research of process of acquisition by bachelor degree students of the important labor functions focused on development of cognitive interests and cognitive abilities of younger schoolchildren is stated. The described program includes several interrelated blocks: theoretical block of the course “Research and Project Activities of Schoolchildren”, training research abilities, independent research practice of students and monitoring research activities of students. The experiment showed a high level of readiness for the management of research and project activities of younger schoolchildren. In addition, the generalized reflective data obtained during the training of students of different courses. As a result, we discovered that the training of students in the framework of reflexive activity approach creates conditions for the formation of future teacher’s competencies, the most popular in the modern labor market, the so-called “future skills”: general research skills; critical thinking; communication skills; teamwork skills; creative approach; skills in situations of uncertainty and risk.

scholarly journals Digital Competence and Computational Thinking of Student Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Francesc M. Esteve-Mon ◽  
M. Ángeles Llopis ◽  
Jordi Adell-Segura
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Digital competence is one of the most demanded skills, and includes, among other aspects, the use of technological, informational, multimedia or communication skills and knowledge. In recent years, different institutions have included computational thinking among the different areas that make up this digital competence. However, there are few publications that deepen the relationship between computational thinking and digital competence. The present study analyzes the level of digital competence and computa-tional thinking of 248 Spanish university students, exploring the relation-ships between both abilities and the existing differences. According to the results, the majority of the students perceive themselves with a medium to a high level of digital competence, highlighting the multimedia and commu-nicative dimensions, as opposed to the more technological aspects. On the other hand, there is a correlation between computational thinking and digi-tal competence, especially with the communicative and technological areas. Likewise, the results indicate that women obtain lower results in their computational thinking and are perceived to be digitally less competent than men, especially in regard to the technological dimension. These results provide relevant information in terms of research and open the door to the development of training actions in student teachers to overcome the still-existing gender gaps.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the usage of an online plagiarism detection service when presenting distance learning courses

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Loo Choo Hong ◽  
Tung Lai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Course Delivery ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Writing Assignments ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
Detection Software ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The Internet opens a library of wealth to the student and educator but it also makes it easy for students to copy when writing assignments. In this paper, we will look at how Wawasan Open University implemented plagiarism-detection software in its course delivery. In 2010, the university introduced the compulsory usage of an online plagiarism-detection software known as Turnitin (Turnitin TM). Students are required to scan their assignments using the service before submitting them for grading. In this study, we observed two different course clusters; one cluster is numerically-based and the other is narrative-based. We observed the Similarity Index Report on student assignments from four courses in two programmes from the 2011 cohort. The courses are Business Accounting II, Auditing and Assurance in Malaysia, Human Resource Management, and Organisational Behaviour. Our findings suggested that plagiarism detection software can be useful for courses that require a studentto demonstrate a strong sense of originality in their assignments. Essentially, the software would provide additional advantages in any narrative management course where it is the intention of the instructor to ensure that students demonstrate a high level of creativity. However, courses that require students to conform to any regimen should not be subjected to the anti-plagiarism process as this is futile, as in the case of many numerical and mathematical courses. Courses that require a high level of verbatim citation such as law, assurance, literature and divinity would not work very well with the software. The inability of current software to differentiate between patterns and strings of plagiarism and cited work makes this exercise futile.

The University of Leiden-an Eclectic Institution

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Otterspeer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
University Of Leiden ◽  
Cultural Elite ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Political Turmoil

AbstractLeiden University was founded in 1575, not only in the midst of great political turmoil, but also in a time that experimented intensely with new forms of higher education. In due course Leiden was to choose an eclectic attitude, remaining loyal on the one hand to late medieval, scholastic traditions, but on the other hand emancipating the arts faculty in agreement with humanist ideas. The thesis this article wants to examine is that the curriculum of Leiden University during the first 75 years of its existence was characterised by a high level of pre-university, Latin schooling, and, linked up with this, a differentiation and specialisation of the arts faculty. These developments, however, had social rather than scientific goals. The arts courses did not prepare the way for a well-defined profession, but served as an initiation into a cultural élite.

scholarly journals Persistent Activity during Working Memory from Front to Back

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton E Curtis ◽  
Thomas C Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
High Level

Working memory (WM) extends the duration over which information is available for processing. Given its importance in supporting a wide-array of high level cognitive abilities, uncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie WM has been a primary goal of neuroscience research over the past century. Here, we critically review what we consider the two major arcs of inquiry, with a specific focus on findings that were theoretically transformative. For the first arc, we briefly review classic studies that led to the canonical WM theory that cast the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a central player utilizing persistent activity of neurons as a mechanism for memory storage. We then consider recent challenges to the theory regarding the role of persistent neural activity. The second arc, which evolved over the last decade, stemmed from sophisticated computational neuroimaging approaches enabling researchers to decode the contents of WM from the patterns of neural activity in many parts of the brain including early visual cortex. We summarize key findings from these studies, their implications for WM theory, and finally the challenges these findings pose. A comprehensive theory of WM will require a unification of these two arcs of research.

scholarly journals Persistent Activity During Working Memory From Front to Back

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton E. Curtis ◽  
Thomas C. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
High Level

Working memory (WM) extends the duration over which information is available for processing. Given its importance in supporting a wide-array of high level cognitive abilities, uncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie WM has been a primary goal of neuroscience research over the past century. Here, we critically review what we consider the two major “arcs” of inquiry, with a specific focus on findings that were theoretically transformative. For the first arc, we briefly review classic studies that led to the canonical WM theory that cast the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a central player utilizing persistent activity of neurons as a mechanism for memory storage. We then consider recent challenges to the theory regarding the role of persistent neural activity. The second arc, which evolved over the last decade, stemmed from sophisticated computational neuroimaging approaches enabling researchers to decode the contents of WM from the patterns of neural activity in many parts of the brain including early visual cortex. We summarize key findings from these studies, their implications for WM theory, and finally the challenges these findings pose. Our goal in doing so is to identify barriers to developing a comprehensive theory of WM that will require a unification of these two “arcs” of research.

scholarly journals Memory and Cognitive Abilities in University Professors: Evidence for Successful Aging

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Shimamura ◽  
Jane M. Berry ◽  
Jennifer A. Mangels ◽  
Cheryl L. Rusting ◽  
Paul J. Jurica
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prose Recall ◽  
The University

Professors from the University of California at Berkeley were administered a 90-min test battery of cognitive performance that included measures of reaction time, paired-associate learning, working memory, and prose recall Age effects among the professors were observed on tests of reaction time, paired-associate memory, and some aspects of working memory Age effects were not observed on measures of proactive interference and prose recall, though age-related declines are generally observed in standard groups of elderly individuals The findings suggest that age-related decrements in certain cognitive functions may be mitigated in intelligent, cognitively active individuals

Executive control in fluent and lapsed bilinguals

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARI ANNE BOGULSKI ◽  
MICHAEL RAKOCZY ◽  
MICHELLE GOODMAN ◽  
ELLEN BIALYSTOK
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
High Level

Previous research showing a bilingual advantage on a variety of executive control tasks has typically compared monolinguals and fluent bilinguals. No study to date, however, has examined whether these effects endure for bilingual individuals who revert to monolingualism (‘lapsed bilinguals’). We investigated this question by testing monolinguals, full bilinguals, and lapsed bilinguals on a flanker task and a working memory task. Fully fluent bilinguals exhibited significantly more accurate performance than monolinguals on the working memory task, with lapsed bilinguals performing between the other two groups. Thus, continued bilingual experience appears necessary to maintain these cognitive advantages at a high level.

scholarly journals The analogy of the need for knowledge to seek all the basic education in the society of Duhok

Twejer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 933-968
Author(s):  
Jihan Saeed Adil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
T Test ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The need for knowledge is one of the most important human needs. It drives individuals to obtain more information continuously and continuously in order to acquire and increase information. These individuals, through their search for information and new attitudes develop their mental and cognitive abilities, especially in the field of creative thinking and detail, so the current research aims to identify the: 1 - The level of the need for knowledge among students of the Faculty of Basic Education. 2 - Differences in the variable need for knowledge according to two variables: Sex (male, female) (B)- Specialization (scientific, human) In order to achieve the objectives of this research, a tool was used to measure the need for knowledge prepared by the researcher after the preparation of an open survey questionnaire and access to the literature and previous studies, a tool consisting of (27) paragraphs was prepared and composed of four alternatives (always, often, rarely) Consisting of (100) students were randomly selected from the departments of the Faculty of Basic Education at the University of Dohuk, and was investigated from the validity of the tool and the apparent honesty with the stability extracted by half-way. After analyzing the data and processing them statistically using the t-test for one sample and the t-test for two independent samples, the current research results show that the research sample has a high level of need for knowledge and the existence of statistically significant differences between males and females in favor of males, there are statistically significant differences between scientific departments and human departments for the benefit of scientific departments. In the light of the results, the researcher recommends a number of recommendations and suggestions.

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