scholarly journals Identifying NIST Impacts on Patenting: A Novel Data Set and Potential Uses

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Anderson ◽  
Anthony Breitzman
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Patent Citations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Impact

The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST’s) mission is to “promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness.” To meet this mission, NIST scientists produce a great variety of scientific and technical outputs. This paper presents results from a novel effort to measure usage and impact of a more complete set of outputs, including patents, publications, research data, software, reference materials, and a variety of additional formal and informal scientific outputs. This effort captures a significantly broader set of scientific outputs than traditional citation analysis which typically examines patent-to-patent citations or more recently patent-to-(peer-reviewed) paper citations. This may be of significant importance to NIST as NIST scientists produce a wide variety of scientific and technical outputs beyond patents and papers. Our results indicate that metrics that solely rely on patents issued to NIST inventors understate NIST’s true impact on invention and do not capture usage of much of NIST’s scientific output by other inventors. Thus, identifying the magnitude and varied usage of different types of NIST outputs represents a significant improvement in NIST impact metrics. The results clearly indicate that different companies, industries and technologies rely on different types of NIST outputs. Therefore, reliance on a limited set of technology transfer tools by either researchers or policy makers creates a risk that NIST knowledge and capabilities will not be transferred to and adopted by businesses and other organizations. Finally, the data developed here suggest a number of new technology transfer metrics that promote shared technology transfer responsibilities and may focus attention on activities that increase the impact of current research without fundamentally altering the infrastructural character of this research.

scholarly journals How detection ranges and usage stops impact digital contact tracing effectiveness for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin D. Pandl ◽  
Scott Thiebes ◽  
Manuel Schmidt-Kraepelin ◽  
Ali Sunyaev
Keyword(s):  
Disease Spread ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Proximity Detection ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries around the globe have adopted digital contact tracing apps. Various technologies exist to trace contacts that are potentially prone to different types of tracing errors. Here, we study the impact of different proximity detection ranges on the effectiveness and efficiency of digital contact tracing apps. Furthermore, we study a usage stop effect induced by a false positive quarantine. Our results reveal that policy makers should adjust digital contact tracing apps to the behavioral characteristics of a society. Based on this, the proximity detection range should at least cover the range of a disease spread, and be much wider in certain cases. The widely used Bluetooth Low Energy protocol may not necessarily be the most effective technology for contact tracing.

Identifying Different Forms of Innovation in Retail Banking

2014 ◽  
pp. 1539-1553
Author(s):  
Véronique Favre-Bonte ◽  
Gardet Elodie ◽  
Catherine Thevenard-Puthod
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Distribution

To be competitive and capture new customers, banks must develop continuous innovations that can reduce costs, enhance existing service quality, expand current service offerings, and increase market share. This article proposes a typology of different types of innovation in the retail banking sector on the basis of a case study of the leading French credit institution, Crédit Agricole. This bank does not innovate just incrementally, and radical innovations resulted from the launch of a new distribution channel, though several innovations are unrelated to new technology. This study adds to literature on innovation services by enhancing understanding of the different types of innovation. The empirical investigation further shows that the banking sector can develop process innovations, which give the bank a longer term competitive advantage. To innovate radically, the bank should anticipate the impact of its new offerings on different areas of the system.

scholarly journals The impact of country-level and fund-level factors on mutual fund performance in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
Dung Thi Nguyet Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Fund Performance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of mutual funds’ performance at both a country level and a fund level in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach The different types of funds with more than three-year operation are selected to remove outliers of the stock market boom from 2015 to 2018. The data set includes 54 mutual funds operating during the period from 2008 until November 2018. Findings The research finds that there is a positive relationship between macroeconomics and mutual funds’ performance. Furthermore, country-level governance such as regulation effectiveness, political stability, economic growth and financial development has a positive correlation with mutual funds’ performance. However, the impact of fund-level factors is diverse with the no significant impact of board size on mutual fund’s performance, while passive funds perform better than active funds in Vietnam. Practical implications The research results suggest that investors should pay attention to the types of funds and operating expense when making an investment decision in mutual funds. There are some recommendations for both government policy-makers and the mutual fund industry that are likely to facilitate the development of this field in Vietnam. Originality/value The research contributes to the understanding of what are the factors that should be considered when investing in mutual funds.

A New Technology Transfer Paradigm: How State Universities Can Collaborate with Industry in the USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Renault ◽  
Jeff Cope ◽  
Molly Dix ◽  
Karen Hersey
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
State Universities ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Management Changes

In some US states, policy makers, pressed by local and regional industrial interests, are debating how to ‘reform’ technology transfer at public universities. ‘Reform’ in this context is generally understood to mean redirecting university technology transfer activities to increase the benefits of state-funded research to local industries. Progress towards this goal is often constrained by federally mandated laws applicable to technology transfer at universities (such as the Bayh–Dole Act) and by university policies that have been placed by state legislatures outside the purview of policy making state officials. Calls for change have also been countered by the view of many universities that the system is not broken. Suggested reforms range from the abolition of the Bayh–Dole Act, which gives universities the flexibility to transfer ownership of federally funded inventions to local industries, to structural or management changes in universities that will promote innovation and/or expedite the licensing of new ideas. This article proposes a new paradigm: instead of measuring the success of technology transfer by counting numbers of patents and licensing deals, the authors suggest measuring knowledge flows between state universities and their localities. This approach should produce a more accurate picture of the full impact of universities on their regions.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNITUDES TYPES IN THE NONEXTENSIVITY APPLIED AT THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC SUBDUCTION ZONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Thaís Machado Scherrer ◽  
George Sand França ◽  
Raimundo Silva ◽  
Daniel Brito de Freitas ◽  
Carlos da Silva Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Earth ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT. Following our own previous work, we reanalyze the nonextensive behavior over the circum-Pacific subduction zones evaluating the impact of using different types of magnitudes in the results. We used the same data source and time interval of our previous work, the NEIC catalog in the years between 2001 and 2010. Even considering different data sets, the correlation between q and the subduction zone asperity is perceptible, but the values found for the nonextensive parameter in the considered data sets presents an expressive variation. The data set with surface magnitude exhibits the best adjustments.Keywords: Nonextensivity, Seismicity, Solid Earth, Earthquake.RESUMO. No mesmo caminho do nosso trabalho anterior, reanalisamos o comportamento não extensivo sobre as zonas de subducção do círcuo de fogo do Pacífico, avaliando o impacto do uso de diferentes tipos de magnitude nos resultados. Utilizamos o mesmo intervalo de dados e fonte de nosso trabalho anterior, do catálogo NEIC entre os anos 2001 e 2010. Mesmo considerando diferentes conjuntos de dados, a correlação entre q e a aspereza das zonas de subducção é perceptível, mas os valores encontrados para o parâmetro não extensivo no conjuntos de dados considerados apresentam uma variação expressiva. O conjunto de dados com magnitude de superfície exibe os melhores ajustes.Palavras-chave: Não extensividade, Sismicidade, Terra Sólida, Terremotos.

scholarly journals Innovative entrepreneurship and economic growth in emerging markets

Ekonomika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Maja Ivanović-Đukić ◽  
Tamara Rađenović ◽  
Miljana Talić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Products ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The paper analyses the contribution of different types of innovative entrepreneurship: new products entrepreneurship, new technology development entrepreneurship, high growth expectation entrepreneurship and average growth expectation entrepreneurship to economic growth in emerging markets. The aim of paper is to identify types of innovative entrepreneurship which have the greatest contribution to economic growth in emerging markets and propose measures that macroeconomic policy makers could implement to achieve sustainable economic growth. The regression analysis is performed in order to estimate the impact of different types of innovative entrepreneurship on economic growth in 13 emerging markets. The results have shown that a high growth expectation entrepreneurship has the greatest influence on economic growth. Also, results have shown that impact of new products entrepreneurship is bigger than impact of technology development entrepreneurship on economic growth in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Understanding the diversification and specialization of farm businesses

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. HANSSON ◽  
R. FERGUSON ◽  
C. OLOFSSON
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Behavior ◽  
Business Structure

This paper addresses the development of farm businesses in Sweden, 2000–2007, with regard to their specialization in single farm enterprises, diversified agricultural production and diversification with new income-generating ventures. Furthermore, regression analysis is used to study the impact of farm characteristics on the observed specialization and diversification. The study is based a panel data set of about 900 farms participating in the Swedish Agricultural Economics Survey. Results show that farms are increasingly engaging in diversified activities, though in most firms these activities make only minor contributions to total revenue. Results also show that the degrees of specialization and diversification are influenced by characteristics of firms’ business structure, financial and demographic conditions. These results contribute to the understanding of farm business development, as well as show the need for policy makers and farm advisors to consider the differences between farms pursuing different development strategies in their efforts to influence behavior.;

scholarly journals How Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Innovation Affects Credit Accessibility: The Case of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9559
Author(s):  
Phuong Anh Nguyen ◽  
Thuy Anh Tram Uong ◽  
Quang Dung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Product ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The University

Nowadays, small- and medium-sized enterprises play crucial roles in both developed and developing countries. They create new employment, fulfill the market gap, contribute to Gross Domestic Product and boost the whole economy. However, small- and medium-sized enterprises face more financial constraints than large enterprises, which prevent them from growing and expanding their activities. This paper aims to investigate how the innovation of small- and medium-sized enterprises impacts on credit accessibility in Vietnam from 2005 to 2015, through five aspects of innovation: new products, new technology, improved existing products, research and development investment, and machine innovation. The data set consists of more than 4500 observations of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. This data set is taken from a survey conducted within the framework of cooperation among UNU-WIDER, the University of Copenhagen and Vietnamese government agencies. Using panel regression model, we found out that three out of five innovation factors significantly impact on credit accessibility. More specifically, research and development investment and new product have negative impact on credit accessibility; whereas new technology has positive impact on credit accessibility. These findings are useful for firm managers, banks and policy makers to help small- and medium-sized enterprises overcome financial constraints through innovation aspects.

scholarly journals Economic Effects on Million Dollar Giving

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Una O. Osili ◽  
Jacqueline Ackerman ◽  
Yannan Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Corporate Giving ◽  
Human Services Organizations ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of economic conditions on the number of charitable gifts of 1 million dollars or more within the United States using the Million Dollar List (MDL) data set. We investigate key donor types—individuals, corporations, and foundations—using quarterly data. Results indicate that individual donors are significantly responsive to underlying economic conditions, foundation giving tends to be countercyclical, and corporate giving is less closely linked with aggregate macroeconomic conditions. We also find that economic conditions vary in their influence on million dollar giving to subsectors, and gifts to public benefit and human services organizations increase significantly during periods of recession, holding other factors constant. In contrast, million dollar giving to arts and education organizations is significantly associated with favorable economic conditions, holding other factors constant. Findings have direct implications for philanthropists, fundraisers, and policy makers as they seek to understand how economic conditions affect large gifts.

scholarly journals The Impact of Operational Capabilities on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Companies in the Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock Farming, Fishery Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Maoguo Wu ◽  
Daimin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

In China, the agriculture, forestry, livestock farming, fishery (AFLF) industry is the basis of all industries. However, the overall development and performance level of listed companies in the AFLF industry is lower than the overall market level. According to previous literature, there is generally a positive impact of operational capabilities on the corporate performance of listed companies, but the impact on listed companies in the AFLF industry has not been investigated. This study attempts to fill in the gap by empirically analyzing the impact of operational capabilities on the corporate performance of listed companies in the AFLF industry in China. Based on a panel data set of 43 listed companies, this study performs regressions using a fixed effect model and a threshold panel model. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the operational capabilities and the corporate performance of listed companies in the AFLF industry, but different indicators that represent operational capabilities have different impacts on corporate performance. Based on the empirical results, this study puts forward corresponding suggestions for listed companies in the AFLF industry and policy makers.

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