scholarly journals EXTRACTION ABILITY ESTIMATION OF AQUEOUS STRATIFIED SYSTEMS ON EXAMPLE OF COPPER (I, II), CADMIUM AND ZINC EXTRACTION FROM HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Degtev ◽  
Anastasya V. Stankova ◽  
Dmitriy S. Knutov ◽  
Aleksandr P. Medvedev ◽  
Mariya Yu. Russkikh
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Ability ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solutions ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Saturation Method

The ability of diantipyrylalkanes to form liquid two-phase equilibrium without an organic solvent in systems with organic acids - benzoic and salicylic has been investigated. In most cases, the separation of systems is achieved when the ratio of the reagent: acid is 1 – 1.25: 1 – 1.12, heated to 85 °C and in the presence of mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4). The volume of the organic phase from 0.8 to 2.0 ml is sufficient for practical purposes, for example, for the extraction of macro or micro quantities of metal ions. It was established that diantipyrylmethane (reagent, L) or its homolog propyldianthipyrylmethane does not form stratification in systems with benzoic and salicylic acids in the absence of HCl or H2SO4 solutions. And, on the contrary, the more basic reagent - hexyldianthipyrylmethane stratifies solutions containing these organic acids without HCl or H2SO4. At the same time, the introduction of the latter provides the separation of aqueous systems with the participation of all reagents diantipyrylmethane, propyldianthipyrylmethane, and hexyldianthipyrylmethane. The volume of the organic phase is increased to 2.0 ml or more. The extraction of macroquantities of ions of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) was studied under optimal conditions of stratification. Chloride or sulfate ions served as ligands. The optimal conditions for the extraction of metal cations, the composition and mechanism of the extracted complexes were determined. The ratio of hexyldianthipyrylmethane : metal is determined by the saturation method, which turned out to be equal to hexyldianthipyrylmethane : Me2+ = 2 : 1. With this ratio, the organic phase becomes solid. Chemical analysis of the extract with an excess of hexyldianthipyrylmethane and benzoic acid for all components showed the ratio of hexyldianthipyrylmethane : H+ : Me2+ : Cl- : benzoic acid = 4.0 : 3.9 : 1.0 : 4.3 : 2.2, which corresponds to the complex (RH)2[MeCl4]∙2RH∙benzoic acid, solvated by two molecules of hexyldianthipyrylmethane benzoate.

scholarly journals Extraction of macro quantities of scandium (III) in antipyrine-benzoic acid-water segregate system without the use of organic solvents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Irina A. Starichenko ◽  
◽  
Mikhail I. Degtev ◽  
Yulia B. Elchischeva ◽  
Pavel V. Melnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Maximum Extraction ◽  
Degree Of Extraction

The optimal conditions of separation of aqueous system containing antipyrine, benzoic acid, hydrochloric or nitric acids, inorganic salting-out agents, and water at 85 ° C have been determined. The resulting organic phase contains the antipyrinium benzoate salt, which is a phase former. It is shown that the concentration of hydrochloric and nitric acids in the range of 0,01–0,20 mol/l promotes the stratification of the system, and above 0.4 mol l leads to homogenization. The conditions for the quantitative or maximum extraction of macroquantities of scandium (III) in the studied systems were found and their extraction capacity was determined. Inorganic salting-out agents provide separation even in the presence of 0,5 mol/l hydrochloric or nitric acid, while the degree of extraction of scandium (III) ions is significantly increased.

Extraction of hafnium(IV) with organophosphorus reagents from solutions of mineral acids mixtures

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3656-3664
Author(s):  
Oldřich Navrátil ◽  
Jiří Smola ◽  
Rostislav Kolouch
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Synergic Effect ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Mixed Complexes ◽  
Synergic Extraction ◽  
Mineral Acids

Extraction of hafnium(IV) was studied from solutions of mixtures of perchloric and nitric acids and of perchloric and hydrochloric acids for constant ionic strength, I = 2, 4, 6, or 8, and for cHf 4 . 10-4 mol l-1. The organic phase was constituted by solutions of some acidic or neutral organophosphorus reagents or of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone, or N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in benzene, chloroform, or n-octane. A pronounced synergic extraction of hafnium proceeds only on applying organophosphorus reagents from an aqueous phase whose acidity is not lower than 3M-(HClO4 + HNO3) or 5M-(HClO4 + HCl). The synergic effect was not affected markedly by a variation of the initial concentration of hafnium in the range 1 . 10-8 -4 .10-4 mol l-1, it lowered with increasing initial concentration of the organophosphorus reagent and decreasing concentration of the H+ ions. It is suggested that the hafnium passes into the organic phase in the form of mixed complexes, the salting-out effect of perchloric acid playing an appreciable part.

scholarly journals PSVIII-16 The effects of adding two organic acid blends with or without high levels of zinc or copper, on post-weaning pig performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Casey L Bradley ◽  
Jon Bergstrom ◽  
Jeremiah Nemechek ◽  
J D Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Weaning Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A subset of 720 weaned pigs (6.44 ± 0.1 kg, PIC genetics, approximately 21-d of age) were used in a 42-d trial with a 2x3 factorial design evaluating the effects of adding organic acid (OA) blends [factor 1 = no organic acid (NO), Acid Pak 1 (AP1), Acid Pak 2 (AP2)] to diets with or without higher levels of Zn or Cu [factor 2 = +/-PZC] on pig performance. Pigs were allotted 10 pigs/pen to 12 weight blocks and randomly assigned the six dietary treatments. The +PZC diets contained 3000 ppm Zn (d 0-7), 2000 ppm Zn (d 8-21), and 250 ppm Cu (d 21-42) and -PZC diets contained 95 ppm Zn and 20 ppm Cu (d 0-42). The AP1 and AP2 diets used 0.9% of 2 acid premixes (d 0-21), and 0.45% of the premixes (day 22-42). AP1 provided 0.5% benzoic acid, 0.07% sodium butyrate, and 0.025% phosphoric acid (day 0-21) and half those levels (day 22-42). AP2 included the same acids as AP1 but at half the rate and combined with 7 other organic acids and carvacrol. From d 0-21, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were improved (P< 0.01) by +PZC compared to -PZC and by AP1 or AP2 compared to NO (P< 0.02). Overall (d 0-42), ADG and G:F were improved (P< 0.01) by +PZC compared to -PZC and by AP1 or AP2 compared to NO (P< .010). Data from this trial indicate that performance was improved by the addition of both OA and PZC. However, pigs fed OA and -PZC performed similarly to those fed NO and +PZC in the post-weaning period. In summary, regardless of the acid combination, organic acid supplementation has the potential to improve growth performance in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Fermentation process optimization and chemical composition analysis on black tea wine

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02052
Author(s):  
Chun Zou ◽  
Yongquan Xu ◽  
Jianxin Chen ◽  
Ruyi Li ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Tea Infusion ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis ◽  
Aroma Components

In this study, the fermentation process of black tea wine was optimized, and the changes in catechins, organic acids, and aroma components during fermentation were investigated. The optimal fermentation conditions for tea wine were determined as follows: the addition of 15% sucrose and 0.75% tea leaves, and a fermentation temperature of 25 ºC. Under the optimal conditions, the alcohol content and sensory evaluation score of tea wine were 8.9 %ABV and 88, respectively. The contents of catechins and organic acids in tea wine were 21.29 mg/L and 3.68 mg/mL, which were 1.32-fold and 10.51-fold higher than those of tea infusion, respectively. L-malic acid was the main organic acid in tea wine, which accounted for 56.3% of the total amount of organic acids. A total number of 34 and 33 kinds of aroma components were detected in tea wine and tea infusion, respectively. The main aroma components of tea wine were esters and alcohols, which accounted for 39.7% and 45.9% of the total amount of aroma components, respectively, while the main aroma components of tea infusion were esters and aldehydes, accounting for 34.6% and 33.2%, respectively.

The assay and partial characterization of 3β-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase of the hamster epididymis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouthillier ◽  
G. Bleau ◽  
A. Chapdelaine ◽  
K. D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Steroid Nucleus ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
High Concentrations

Using a partially purified enzyme preparation obtained from hamster epididymis, a simple assay has been developed to measure the sulfurylation of dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and desmosterol in the presence of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phospho[35S]sulfate ([35S]PAPS). After stopping the enzymatic reaction with methanol and KCl, the 35S-labelled steroid sulfates are readily extracted into an organic phase. Optimal conditions for the sulfurylation of the two steroids were compared; optimum pH is 8.7 for DHA and 9.8 for desmosterol. Sulfoconjugation of desmosterol increases with magnesium concentrations up to 6 mM, while 40 mM concentrations of the divalent ion are required for the optimal sulfurylation of DHA. Maximum sulfurylation of these steroids requires the presence of 15 mM cysteine. Michaelis–Menten kinetics are observed with DHA which has an apparent Km of 32 μM, while desmosterol inhibits sulfotransferase activity at high concentrations. Saturation of the enzyme with PAPS results in an allosteric behaviour. Only the 3β-hydroxyl function of the steroid nucleus appears to be an appropriate sulfate acceptor for the epididymal hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase.

scholarly journals Distribution of micro-amounts of europium in the two-phase water-HCl-nitrobenzene-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl-2,6-dipicolinamide-hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate extraction system

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Makrlík ◽  
Petr Vaňura ◽  
Pavel Selucký ◽  
Vasily Babain ◽  
Ivan Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constants ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction And Stability Constants ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Hydrogen Dicarbollylcobaltate ◽  
Nitrobenzene Solution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Phase Water

Extraction of micro-amounts of europium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H+B-) in the presence of N,N'-dimethyl- -N,N'-diphenyl-2,6-dipicolinamide (MePhDPA, L) was investigated. The equilibrium data were explained assuming that the species HL+, + HL2 , 3+ EuL2 and 3+ EuL3 are extracted into the organic phase. The values of the extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water were determined.

Sorption of Uranium (VI) Ions by a Sorbent Based on a Copolymer of Maleic Anhydride with Styrene Modified by N, Nand#39;-diphenylguanidine

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Fidan Bahmanova Fidan Bahmanova ◽  
Sevinj Hajiyeva Sevinj Hajiyeva ◽  
Elnara Alirzaeva Elnara Alirzaeva ◽  
Nazim Shamilov and Famil Chyragov Nazim Shamilov and Famil Chyragov
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Ionization Constants ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Sorption Equilibrium ◽  
Ionogenic Groups ◽  
Chelating Sorbent ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Degree Of Extraction ◽  
Sorption Time

In this paper the results of a study on the extraction and concentration of micro-quantities of uranium (VI) with a polymeric chelating sorbent with fragments of N, N and#39;diphenylguanidine is discussed. There was studied a static sorption capacity on K+ ions ((SSC = 9.3 mmol / g) and there were determined the ionization constants of ionogenic groups ( =3.97; =8.47) by potentiometric titration. The optimal conditions of the sorption of elements (pHopt, sorption time - τ, the influence of ionic strength - μ) were determined by the dependence of the sorption capacity (SC, mg/g) on the parameter being studied; the sorption capacity of the sorbent (SC) was determined from the saturation curve constructed under optimal sorption conditions. The maximum degree of extraction of uranium by sorbents is achieved from solutions with pH 5. Sorption equilibrium is achieved within 2 hours of contact of the solution with the sorbent. With an increase in the concentration of the uranyl ion in the solution, the amount of the sorbed metal increases, and at a concentration of 8•10–3 mol/l, it becomes maximal (pH = 5, = 8•10–3 mol/l, Vgen = 20 ml, msorb. = 0.05 g, SC = 1258 mg/g). Limits of detection (3, n=20) are 13.9 ng/ml. The effect of various mineral acids(HClО4, H2SО4, HNО3, HCl) with the same concentrations on the desorption of uranium (VI) from the sorbent was studied. The developed technique was applied to determine uranium in oil sludge.

Effects of osmolality, cytokinin, and organic acids on pollen callus formation in Triticale anthers

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Chien ◽  
K. N. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Growing Conditions

Triticale anthers with pollen at middle to late uninucleated stages were cultured individually in Falcon micro test II tissue culture plates. The results indicate that when the anthers were cultured in the same growing conditions the differences in pollen callus formation among anthers from the first and second florets in the same spikelet were not statistically significant, whereas the differences in callus formation among anthers from different spikes (or plants) were statistically significant. These results suggest that comparisons of treatment effects should be made between samples consisting of anthers from the same spikelet only. Benzyl adenine (BA) and higher osmolality enhanced pollen callus induction, while a higher concentration of organic acids suppressed it. Under optimal conditions 31% of anthers formed callus, while the number of pollen calli per 100 seeded anthers was as high as 130. The pollen calli were able to develop into plants; however, the frequency was relatively low.

153 Sperm metabolomic landscape associated with bull fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
E. Menezes ◽  
F. Santos ◽  
A. Velho ◽  
T. Dinh ◽  
A. Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Bull Sperm

Sub-fertility fertility in bulls decreases the efficiency and profitability of cattle production because AI allows a single bull to inseminate thousands of cows. In recent decades, there has been a general decline in fertility of bulls, even among those exhibiting normal sperm motility and morphology. Despite advances in technology and knowledge, molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying the causes of low fertility in bulls are currently unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify sperm metabolites associated with fertility in Holstein bulls. The metabolome of sperm from 10 mature bulls with high fertility (HF, n=5) and low fertility (LF, n=5) was identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Bull fertility was based on the sire conception rates deviating from the average. Statistical analysis was performed by using MetaboAnalyst 3.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/). A total of 22 metabolites were detected and categorized according to their major chemical classes, including amino acids, peptides/analogues, carbohydrates/carbohydrate conjugates, fatty acids, steroids/steroid derivatives, keto acids and derivatives, carboxylic acids, and other organic and inorganic compounds. Organic acids and derivatives as well as fatty acids were the major compounds in bull spermatozoa. Seven organic acids and derivatives were detected, including benzoic acid, carbonate, carbamate dimethyl, carbamate trimethyl, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and urea. Five fatty acids were identified including oleic acid, oleanitrile, nonanoic acid, and palmitic acid. Oleic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphine, carbamate trimethyl, and glycerol were the most abundant metabolites in bull sperm, whereas benzoic acid, acetic acid, l-serine, carbamate, and 2-ketobutyric acid were the least predominant metabolites present in bull sperm. Multivariate analysis (partial least squares-discriminant analysis) of the sperm metabolome showed a clear separation between HF and LF bulls. Variable importance in projection (VIP) score demonstrated that metabolites with VIP >1.5 were gamma-aminobutyric acid (VIP=2.01), carbamate trimethyl (VIP=1.88), benzoic acid (VIP=1.86), and lactic acid (VIP=1.81). Abundance ratios of gamma-aminobutyric acid, carbamate trimethyl, benzoic acid, and lactic acid was greater in HF bulls compared with LF animals. According to univariate analysis, abundance ratios of gamma-aminobutyric acid (P=0.03) and carbamate trimethyl (P=0.047) were greater in HF than in LF bulls. Gamma-aminobutyric acid was positively correlated with carbamate trimethyl (r=0.94; P<0.0001) and benzoic acid (r=0.74; P=0.0139). Benzoic acid was positively correlated with carbamate trimethyl (r=0.75; P=0.0107) and carbamate dimethyl (r=0.68; P=0.0274). The identified metabolites can serve as potential markers to evaluate semen quality and predict bull fertility.

Metalloporphyrin catalytic oxidations of hydrocarbons by H2O2

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTÓNIO M. d'A. ROCHA GONSALVES ◽  
ARMÉNIO C. SERRA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Catalytic Oxidations ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oxygen Donor ◽  
Catalyst Efficiency

The metalloporphyrin catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons using dilute hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor with a two-phase system in the presence of an excess of benzoic acid is studied. Porphyrins derived from meso-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin and bearing sulfonamide substituents at β or meso positions and halogens at β positions were used. The system allowed for very efficient catalytic epoxidations and hydroxylations of hydrocarbons. It is proved that the excess of benzoic acid is critical to the catalyst efficiency and stability. The role of the lipophilic acid in this system is discussed.

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