scholarly journals Investigation of the enrichment process of waste titanium production

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Lanowiecki ◽  
Olga G. Melkomkova ◽  
Semen G. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ilmenite Concentrate ◽  
Enrichment Process

The paper presents a study of the process of enriching the waste of titanium production (sand and slag mixture) by mechanical and magnetic separation methods in order to reduce the losses of the useful component in the technology of processing ilmenite concentrate. The composition of the initial fraction of the test mixture and fractions obtained in the process of mechanical and magnetic separation was evaluated using X-ray and X-ray spectral analyzes. The particle size of the analyzed mixture was evaluated by means of a high-resolution scanning electron microscope «S-3400N» and an optical microscope «MBS-1» from a digital camera Webbers MYscope 560MCCD. As a result of the separation of the analyzed mixture by mechanical classification, it was shown that the fraction 0.16 ‑ 0.4 mm contains a considerable proportion of sand (up to 94%) and can be completely removed from the technology without further processing. The remaining fractions in addition to titanium dioxide, iron and its oxides contain a sufficiently large fraction of silicon dioxide, which can not be separated by the screen classification method. Studies on the separation of the analyzed mixture by the magnetic separation method have shown that it is possible to separate out phases of sand and titanium dioxide without iron impurities into the nonmagnetic fraction. At the same time, virtually all iron with its trivalent oxide remains in the magnetic part, as well as a sufficiently large fraction of silica and titanium particles, fused in larger pieces of the magnetic fraction. It is shown that in the process of magnetic separation, up to 100% of Fe + Fe2O3, 20% of SiO2 and 73% of TiO2 are transferred to the magnetic fraction. At the same time, with a non-magnetic fraction, on average, up to 80% of SiO2 and 27% of TiO2 are consumed.

scholarly journals Investigation of Structural, Mechanical, Thermal and Optical Properties of Cu Doped TiO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (48) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muna M. Abbas ◽  
Mohammed RASHEED
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Test Instrument ◽  
Electronic Microscope

In this work, Pure and Cu: doped titanium dioxide nano-powder was prepared through a solid-state method. the dopant concentration [Cu/TiO2 in atomic percentage (wt%)] is derived from 0 to 7 wt.%. structural properties of the samples performed with XRD revealed all nanopowders are of titanium dioxide having polycrystalline nature. Physical and Morphological studies were conducted using a scanning electronic microscope SEM test instrument to confirm the grain size and texture. The other properties of samples were examined using an optical microscope, Lee's Disc, Shore D hardness instrument, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with the weight fraction of the Cu element increasing.

scholarly journals Elaboration of a technology for production conditional ilmenite concentrate by enrichment of titanium-magnetite ores

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-576
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Degodya ◽  
O. P. Shavakuleva
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Ilmenite Concentrate ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Titanium Magnetite

The titanium-magnetite ores keep an important place among complex iron-containing ores. Utilization of these ores, comprising ores of Kopanskoe deposit, in steel industry is a serious problem, requiring for its solving enrichment resulting in obtaining iron-vanadium and ilmenite concentrates. A principal flow-chart of titanium-magnetite ores enrichment with obtaining conditional iron-vanadium and ilmenite concentrates elaborated. Results of flotation tests of non-magnetic fraction of Kopanskoe deposit titanium-magnetite ores, which is difficult for concentration. Application of flotation process for Kopanskoe deposit titaniummagnetite ores enrichment, which is difficult for concentration, enables not only to improve the enrichment indices, but considerably simplify the process chain of the plant equipment by excluding a big number of gravitational facilities. It was shown, that ilmenite and rutile flotation is successfully carried out in an acidic environment with the use of oleic acid, kerosene, sodium fluoride, sulfuric acid, foam activator VKP. The elaborated reagent complex provides obtaining conditional ilmenite concentrate. As a result of enrichment by application the elaborated magnetic flotation technology, iron-vanadium concentrate with a mass fraction of iron equal to 63.4 % and titanium dioxide – 4.5 % as well as ilmenite concentrate with a mass fraction of titanium dioxide equal to 45.2% obtained. The elaborated technology can be used for titanium-magnetite ores of Medvedevskoe, Kusinskoe, Chernorechenskoe deposits.

scholarly journals Determination of the possibility of separation of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in the selective separation of titanomagnetite ores

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna GORBATOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Electromagnetic Separation ◽  
Crushed Material

Experience in the development of iron-titanium ores has shown that their successful processing is possible only with the use of complex combined processing schemes. The possibility of selective extraction of titanomagnetite and ilmenite products during magnetic (electromagnetic) separation is considered during processing of altered disseminated titanomagnetite ores of the Medvedevsky deposit. Purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of separation of microaggregates of titanomagnetite and ilmenite during selective magnetic (electromagnetic) separation of disseminated titanomagnetite ores. Materials and methods. Classification of crushed material with its subsequent separation by magnetic (electromagnetic) properties. Analysis of the distribution of iron and titanium dioxide and the identification of the nature of the disclosure of ore and non-metallic minerals from the standpoint of technological mineralogy. Results. Products of classified ore after magnetic (electromagnetic) separation are characterized by uneven distribution. Most of the material (45,01%) is concentrated in fractions separated at a magnetic field with strength of more than 250 mT. The yield of magnetic fraction is 2,89%. A high content of Femagnetic is characteristically for the products of magnetic separation of titanomagnetite ore obtained at the magnetic field with strength of 10 mT. Generally, titanium dioxide is concentrated in the products of electromagnetic separation separated at a magnetic field with strength of 140 mT. Studies have established that the products obtained at H = 10 mT consist of 37% titanomagnetite aggregates of varying degrees of martitization. With increasing of magnetic field strength, the number of titanomagnetite grains decreases and the content of ilmenite grains increases in the products of electromagnetic separation. In this case at H = 140 mT, free grains (55%) are mainly consist of ilmenite. Conclusions. Analysis of the magnetic separation products showed that with a magnetic field strength of 10 mT it is possible to obtain a product with mainly titanomagnetite composition, and it is possible to obtain a product with mainly ilmenite composition with a magnetic field strength of 140 mT.

scholarly journals Solid State Reaction Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Muzahim Abbas ◽  
Mohammed Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Doped Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

In this paper, aluminum doped titanium dioxide nanopowder with doping concentration of different weights were successfully prepared with a simple technique: the classic ceramic technique (or solid-state method). This technique permits the acquiring of powders as pellets with a small amount of the material. The best conditions for the prepared pellets are obtained. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are mixed with different amounts of aluminum concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). The powders were then mixed and consolidated into pellets and sintered using a conventional furnace at 1100oC. The mechanical, thermal, structural, morphological (including roughness of the samples’ surfaces), and optical properties for those as-prepared samples are demonstrated by: Shore D hardness instrument, roughness test Instrument, Lee's Disc, X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of aluminum doped concentrations on the characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles depending on the above instruments are studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns appear to the crystallinity of these materials with a grain size between 20 nm and 30 nm. A roughness measurement indicates that the value of titanium dioxide nanoparticles decreases with the addition of aluminum weights according to the results of the hardness of the samples. Moreover, the results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing weight fraction of aluminum material. The main goal of the present paper is to investigate the annealing temperature-dependent behavior of the broadening parameter and the characteristics of aluminum doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra excavated in Lu’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Decai Gong ◽  
Zhengquan Yao ◽  
Liangjie Xu ◽  
Zhanyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.

Die Bonding Issues on Silicon Carbide Diodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 527-529 ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Yong Lee ◽  
Jang Sub Lee ◽  
Tae Hong Kim ◽  
Sung Yong Choi ◽  
Hak Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Die Bonding

We report on the die bonding processes and how the surface roughness and metallization schemes affect the processes of die bonding in 4H-SiC device fabrication using a soldering test and die shear test (DST) with differently prepared 4H-SiC samples. The first set of samples (FZ#1 and FZ#2) was capped with sequentially evaporated Ti and Au on an annealed Ni layer. The second set of samples (FZ#3 and FZ#4) and the third set of samples (FZ#5 and FZ#6) were prepared by 4μm-thick Au electroplating on an annealed Ni layer and an un-annealed Ni layer, respectively. The quality of the soldering, such as the solder coverage, void, and adhesion, was characterized by optical microscope, X-ray microprobe, and DST. We found that the samples (FZ#4 and FZ#6) deposited by Au electroplating on C-face (bottom-side) 4H-SiC provided a satisfactory result for the tests of solder coverage, void, and DST and also realized the cleaning process prior to the electroplating and soldering was the most crucial in the die packaging processes of vertical structure devices. The void fraction measured by X-ray microprobe for the samples, FZ#4 and FZ#6 was 2.2% (average for 5 samples) and 0.8% (average for 3 samples), respectively.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Resonant X-ray Spectroscopy Investigations of Interactions between Thin Metal Catalyst Films and Amorphous Titanium Dioxide Photoelectrode Protection Layers

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1275
Author(s):  
Matthias H. Richter ◽  
Wen-Hui Cheng ◽  
Ethan J. Crumlin ◽  
Walter S. Drisdell ◽  
Harry A. Atwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thin Metal ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
X Ray

The Research of Iron Containing Wastes Modification Process of Leninabad Rare Metals Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Matyukhin ◽  
Daler I. Mirzoev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Enrichment Process

The paper presents the results of ferriferous wastes modification process research carried on the basis of JCS “Leninobad rare metals Plant” located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The wastes for the study were taken from the western tailing. The article presents the justification of the chosen wastes as a filling material in the development of new radiation protective composite building materials. The data on the initial ferriferous chemical composition of the tailing wastes and the chemical composition of the material that passed the enrichment process is presented. The study contains microphotos of ferriferous haematite raw material particles surface before and after completing the modifying process. The paper presents and describes the study of X-ray phase analysis diffractograms of enriched iron-containing wastes before and after the modification process. The current research proves that the enrichment ferriferous wastes particles modification process is possible and as a result it can be used as a filling for the development of new kinds of radioprotective composite materials.

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