scholarly journals Assessment of the nitrogen status of park forest ecosystems by phytoindication

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
N. V. Miroshnyk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Natural Boundary ◽  
Nitrogen Status

Aim. The aim is to assess the changes in the nitrogen regime of park ecosystems in Kyiv by tiers due to the supply of nitrogen with atmospheric precipitation. Methods. Applied methods of forestry, geobotany, phytoindications. Results. We have analyzed the number of nitrophilic stenobionts of woody vegetation and grass cover. The eutrophication trend is the same for both tiers of the studied ecosystems. Although in the grass cover the proportion of nitrophils is greater than in the woody one. In the natural boundary Lysa Gora nitrophil content is the highest among the studied ecosystems of the park (70% in the grass cover, 58.3% in the woody vegetation). Conclusions. Thus, 50% of the parks are in critical danger, 30% are in a threatened state, only the Pushcha-Voditsa parks are in a stable condition. A significant number of nitrophilic stenobiots were found in Kyiv parks (50–70%), and the grass cover is more plastic in terms of environmental changes than the tree. Keywords: eutrophication, park ecosystems, nitrophils, stenobionts, urban ecosystem.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBERADAAN PAKAN ORANGUTAN DAN INDEKS SHANNON-WIENER PADA AREA REBOISASI ASRI DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Ihsan Fauzi ◽  
Erina Safitri ◽  
Juliansyah Juliansyah ◽  
Farah Diba
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restoration Site ◽  
A Value ◽  
Primary Forests

Gunung Palung National Park had lost 35% of its primary forests over the past 30 years. A forest restoration program is thus vital to restore the damaged forest ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the presence of orangutan food supply and Shannon-Wiener index at Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) restoration site in Gunung Palung National Park. The method applies a species data collection of orangutan food (in 91 sample plots) and calculation of Shannon-Wiener index (in six 2009's plots). The result depicted approximately 65 species from 25 families found in ASRI restoration site. Eighty percent of those species indicated orangutan food.  In addition, the restoration site is believed to prevent the orangutan conflict with a human due to food availability in restoration areas for orangutans. Analysis of the Shannon-Wiener index (H') demonstrated a value of H' = 2.789, which indicated that the reforestation forest was in stable condition. The effect of increasing biodiversity as characterized by orangutan nests at restoration sites escalates the presence of wildlife.Keywords: Forest Restoration, Gunung Palung National Park, OrangutanTaman Nasional (TN) Gunung Palung telah kehilangan 35% hutan primer selama 30 tahun terakhir. Program reboisasi diperlukan untuk mengembalikan ekosistem hutan yang telah rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keberadaan pakan orangutan dan indeks Shannon-Wiener di area reboisasi yang dilakukan oleh Yayasan Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) di kawasan TN Gunung Palung. Metode yang digunakan adalah monitoring terhadap 91 plot untuk identifikasi pakan orangutan dan 6 plot penanaman tahun 2009 untuk perhitungan indeks Shanon-Wiener. Hasilnya terdapat 65 spesies dari 25 suku yang ditemukan di lokasi reboisasi ASRI. Sebanyak 85% dari spesies tersebut adalah pakan orangutan. Selain itu, keberadaan area reboisasi membantu mencegah konflik ini karena orangutan dapat mencari makanan di area reboisasi. Analisis indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) didapatkan nilai H’ = 2,789, yang menunjukkan hutan hasil reboisasi berada dalam kondisi menengah atau stabil. Efek peningkatan biodiversitas ditandai dengan sarang-sarang orangutan ditemukan di lokasi reboisasi dan keberadaan satwa liar telah meningkat. Kata kunci: Gunung Palung, Orangutan, Restorasi hutan

scholarly journals Dynamic Responses of Ground-Dwelling Invertebrate Communities to Disturbance in Forest Ecosystems

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Perry ◽  
Daniel Herms
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Debris Accumulation

In forest ecosystems, natural and anthropogenic disturbances alter canopy structure, understory vegetation, amount of woody debris, and the properties of litter and soil layers. The magnitude of these environmental changes is context-dependent and determined by the properties of the disturbance, such as the frequency, intensity, duration, and extent. Therefore, disturbances can dynamically impact forest communities over time, including populations of ground-dwelling invertebrates that regulate key ecosystem processes. We propose conceptual models that describe the dynamic temporal effects of canopy gap formation and coarse woody debris accumulation following disturbances caused by invasive insects, wind, and salvage logging, and their impacts on ground-dwelling invertebrate communities. Within this framework, predictions are generated, literature on ground-dwelling invertebrate communities is synthesized, and pertinent knowledge gaps identified.

scholarly journals Regime and dynamics of soil moisture in forest ecosystems of Záhorská lowland

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
L. Tužinský
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Town ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Wilting Point

The paper describes the regime and dynamics of the soil moisture content of sandy soils in Záhorská lowland during different growing seasons. Research plots are situated near Kamenný mlyn, approximately 3 km from Plavecký Štvrtok and 8 km southward from the town of Malacky. Changes in the soil moisture content are described by soil moisture constants (MCC, PDA, WP) and its relation to atmospheric precipitation and to the character of undergrowth is shown. The low water-holding capacity of sandy soils and their high drainage together with dense root system do not allow the sufficient saturation of soil during the growing season. The low wilting point value (2%) leads to the consumption of all available water in the soil. The most frequent is the semiarid interval of soil moisture (PDA –WP) with reduced availability of water to plants (> pF 3.1). The arid interval (< WP) occurrence on hot summer days results in a decrease in transpiration and assimilation intensity of plants, their physiological weakening and premature fall of assimilation organs. 

Soil nitrogen dynamics of forest ecosystems under environmental changes

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
Hideaki Shibata ◽  
Hiroto Toda ◽  
Yoshiyuki Inagaki ◽  
Ryunosuke Tateno ◽  
Keisuke Koba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Dynamics

scholarly journals ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ СИСТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ТРАВ’ЯНОГО ПОКРИВУ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ ВІД АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ВПЛИВУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
N. V. Miroshnik ◽  
O. V. Tertychna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Conditions

<p>Pine forests Chigirinsky Bor grow on fresh sod-podzolic soils formed on ancient alluvial deposits. Pine forests are characterized by stringent moisture regimes and constantly suffer from lack of productive moisture in soil.  Industrial development of Cherkasy in 60th years of ХХ century leaded air pollution and emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3, and dust. This contributed to significant negative influence on the surrounding forest ecosystems from enterprises of  Cherkassy industrial agglomeration.</p> <p>The grass cover in pine stands of Chigirinsky Bor transforms into xerophytic grasses and ruderal communities under the impact of negative biotic and abiotic factors. They are namely the anthropogenic violation of forest conditions, stands decline, recreational and industrial tree crowns understocking, xerophytic and heliophytic transformations of forest conditions. All the above mentioned caused strong ruderal and adventive transformation of grass cover. We registered the changes in nitrophilous plant spread regards the Cherkasy industrial agglomeration approaching which emits toxic with nitrogen-containing gases. Adventive and other non-forest species displace ferns and mosses, the ratio of ecomorfs is also changes due to increase of the quantity and development activation of annuals, xerophytic, ruderal, and nitrofil plants. The <em>Asteraceae</em>/<em>Brassicaceae</em> 3:1 ratio indicates significant anthropogenic violations in the region.</p> <p>We fixed the xerophytic, ruderal, and adventive transformation of grass cover in forest ecosystems. It is also founded the tendency of expanding the fraction of mesophilic plant species due to alterations in water regime (creation of Kremenchug reservoir and draining of floodplain Tyasmyn). When approaching the Cherkasy industrial agglomeration the grass cover degradation is clearly observed on the environmental profile. All this causes the forest ecosystem degradation and gradual loss of forest vegetation typical characteristics. We revealed the domination of plant species that are tolerant to transformed forest conditions due to drastic anthropogenic changes of ecological regimes in Chygyryn's Bor.</p> <p><em>Key words:</em><em> grass cover, Chigirin's Bor, anthropogenic impact, forest ecosystem, industrial transformation and degradation of grass cover.</em></p>

Spatial variability of carbon allocation to soil autotrophic respiration in global forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Tang ◽  
Yuehong Shi ◽  
Xinrui Luo ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Jinshi Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Autotrophic Respiration ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal

&lt;p&gt;Belowground or &amp;#8216;soil&amp;#8217; autotrophic respiration (RAsoil) depends on carbohydrates from photosynthesis flowing to roots and rhizospheres, and is one of the most important but uncertain components in forest carbon cycling. Carbon allocation plays an important role in forest carbon cycling and reflects forest adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, carbon allocation to RAsoil is rarely measured directly and has not been fully examined at the global scale. To fill this knowledge gap, the spatio-temporal patterns of RAsoil with a spatial resolution of half degree from 1981 to 2017 were predicted by Random Forest (RF) algorithm using the most updated Global Soil Respiration Database (v5) with global environmental variables; carbon allocation from photosynthesis to RAsoil (CAsoil), was calculated as the ratio of RAsoil to gross primary production (GPP); and its temporal and spatial patterns were assessed in global forest ecosystems. We found strong temporal and spatial variabilities of RAsoil with an increasing trend from boreal forests to tropical forests. Globally, mean RAsoil from forests was 8.9 &amp;#177; 0.08 Pg C yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (mean &amp;#177; standard deviation) from 1981 to 2017 increasing at a rate of 0.0059 Pg C yr&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, paralleling broader soil respiration changes and indicating an increasing carbon loss respired by roots. Mean CAsoil was 0.243 &amp;#177; 0.016 and showed a decreasing trend over time, although there were interannual variabilities, indicating that CAsoil was sensitive to environmental changes. The temporal trend of CAsoil varied greatly in space, reflecting uneven responses of CAsoil to environmental changes. The spatio-temporal variability of carbon allocation should be considered in global biogeochemical models to accurately predict belowground carbon cycling in an era of ongoing climate change.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Shrub Control in Conservation Reserve Program Lands in Interior Alaska

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Seefeldt ◽  
Phil N. Kaspari ◽  
Jeffery S. Conn
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Program Compliance

In Alaska Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, succession of fields planted with grass and clover to shrubs and small trees is resulting in program compliance problems related to ease of reconversion to crop lands. Standard practice for slowing this succession is mowing every 2 to 3 yr, which does not kill the woody vegetation. A field study was conducted at three sites over 2 yr to determine if 2,4-D (2.2 kg ae ha−1 2-ethylhexyl ester) or triclopyr (2.2 kg ae ha−1 butoxyethyl ester) applied broadcast or 2,4-D (2.2 kg ae ha−1 2,4-D dimethylamine salt) or triclopyr (1.7 kg ae ha−1 triclopyr triethylamine salt) applied with a Diamond Wet Blade™ mower (DWB) would result in longer shrub control compared to mowing. Mowing was conducted at both 15 and 45 cm above ground level and herbicides were applied with the DWB at three rates. Measurements 2 yr after treatment (YAT) confirmed that both herbicides reduced shrub cover about 50% compared to controls. Reduced rates of the herbicides applied with the DWB did not result in decreased shrub control. Grass cover was negatively correlated with shrub cover. Typically, mower height did not alter treatment effects. Treatments had little impact on forb cover and composition 2 YAT, with the exception of fireweed, which was generally reduced where herbicides were applied. Application of 2,4-D and triclopyr does not decrease the frequency of shrub control in CRP lands in Alaska. Use of 2,4-D and triclopyr with or without mowing resulted in no widespread improvement over the current practice of mowing to 15 cm every 2 to 3 yr.

scholarly journals Genetic effects of transformation of forest ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Vladimir E Padutov ◽  
Lubov V Khotyleva ◽  
Oleg U Baranov ◽  
Svetlana I Ivanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

The paper covers the now population and genetic changes in forest forming species. An estimate is made of the effects exerted on genetic resources of the species by both natural environmental (global environmental changes) and human-made (environmental contamination, deforestation and fragmentation of woodlands, forest exploitation and reforestation, forest tree breeding, introduction) factors.

scholarly journals Assessment of environmental threats to the park’s forest ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
N. V. Miroshnyk ◽  
O. V. Tertychna ◽  
I. K. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
The Impact

Aim. The aim is to assess the environmental threats to Park forest ecosystems and to study the possible links and the long-term consequences of their actions. Methods. Methods use of comparative analysis, classification, ranking of impacts, mathematical processing of data. Results. The main threats to Park forest ecosystems are formulated and evaluated. Deepened some of the methodological effects on criteria for assessment of threats. The classes of danger are defined, the General danger index of threats and correlation communications between groups and criteria of their assessment is calculated. The factors that have the most negative impact on the biodiversity of parks. Conclusions. In the conditions of urban ecosystems there is a strengthening and lengthening of the action of some threats and leveling of other types of impacts. The characteristics of the intensity of action, the time factor and the spatial spread of threats do not have a clear synchronization. The overall hazard index showed the dominance of the intensity and time of the impact of specific threats to the urban ecosystem. Keywords: anthropogenic impact, General hazard index, urban ecosystem, biodiversity.

Features of snow accumulation and snow cover parameters оn the Elkon mountain rang

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
A. Kirillin ◽  
◽  
M. Zheleznyak ◽  
A. Zhirkov ◽  
I. Misailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Subject

With the intensive industrial development of South Yakutia, in particular the Elkon mountain range, the natural environment is experiencing an enormous anthropogenic load. To assess the state of the natural environment, it is important to obtain information about its background state before the start of an intensive technogenic impact. Snow cover seems to be the optimal indicator of chemical pollution of atmospheric air and atmospheric precipitation, as it is one of the significant natural factors that form natural conditions. To take effective preventive measures to eliminate severe consequences, reliable data on the characteristics and conditions of snow cover formation are required. The object of research is the Elkon mountain range, located in the northern part of the Aldan-Stanovoy Upland. The subject is the peculiarities of the formation of snow cover in this region. The purpose of the study is to determine the main meteorological parameters and physical characteristics that affect the conditions for the formation of snow cover. A set of methods was used in the study, including snow survey and routine observations of snow parameters in key areas. As a result of the study, new data were obtained on the regional features of the formation of snow cover. The practical focus of the study is to improve the reliability of engineering-geological and geocryological mapping and forecasting environmental changes

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