scholarly journals SUBJEKTIVE VIDNER - FOTOGRAFIER SOM DOKUMENTATION AF HISTORIEN

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (117) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Jannie Uhre Ejstrud

SUBJECTIVE WITNESSES: PHOTOGRAPHS AS DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORY | Methodological approaches to photographic source material have been lacking in historical research for a long time. In order to use photographs as historical source material, we need to take into account the specific abilities and limitations of the medium. In traditional methodological historical literature, photographs are treated uncritically and often serve merely as illustrations. In a few exceptions, they are treated as works of art, with references to the analytical methods from reception based picture analysis from art history, with the interpreting subject as focal point. New research that deals with photographs needs to deal with the source material more critically and use the meta sources available to verify and document the material. Also, it needs to take into account the specific contexts of the photographs as well as the general history and development of photography – culturally and technically – to add extra layers of information to the photographic documents. It is of particular importance in our mass producing, digital photo culture, as otherwise, traditional historians stand methodologically crippled before a lot of source material.

Author(s):  
Nadzeya Sluka

The article deals with the particular kind of documentary sources for the history of the Belarusians in the Second Polish Republic – memoirs and diaries. The memoirs of Liudvika Vojcik, Janka Bagdanowič, Marjan Pieciukievič, and also the diaries of Maksim Tank and Piotr Siaŭruk are reviewed. The article concludes that personal writings provide unique information about the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian press that can be applied in further historical research.  


Author(s):  
Irina Sergeyevna Astakhova

The paper analyzes the potential of the periodicals as a historical source for the study of state policy in relation to the indigenous peoples of the North. In particular, the experience of the development and application of qualitative thematic content analysis of the republican newspaper “Yakutia” for the peri-od from 1991 to 2000 is shown. Such a study using a continuous sample on such a long time interval has not been performed. Three chronological groups of publications have been identified, which can be cor-related with the stages of regional policy towards indigenous peoples in the 1990s. The main features of each period are revealed. It is emphasized that the use of this method in historical research not only systematizes the sources, but also draws the atten-tion of researchers to some patterns that require further explanation.


ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-60
Author(s):  
Roger Nelson

A small yet influential strain of independent contemporary curatorial practice has emerged in Southeast Asia, which is performing (expanded) art historical functions. This mode of independent curating now constitutes an important base for exciting new research—making use of diverse archives as well as other methodologies—to study the often little-known histories of the region's modern arts, including its architecture, cinema, and photography. That such research is taking place in the context of independent contemporary curatorial practice is significant because it locates modern art history largely outside of large and state-funded institutions, including museums and universities, thus enabling the development and proliferation of art historical research in areas of Southeast Asia, including its mainland sub-regions, which have comparatively little funding and official infrastructure for the arts. This article explores the emerging practice of independent curating as (expanded) art history in Southeast Asia, through comparative discussion of three case studies: the Roung Kon Project in Phnom Penh, which researches histories of cinema in Cambodia; the Buddhist Archive of Photography in Luang Prabang, which researches histories of photography in Laos; and Spirit of Friendship in Ho Chi Minh City, which researches histories of artist groups in Vietnam.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Kamruzzman Chowdhary

This study was an attempt to understand how the available alternative source materials, such as oral testimonies can serve as valuable assets to unveiling certain aspects of maritime history in India. A number of themes in maritime history in India failed to get the attention of the generation of historians, because of the paucity of written documents. Unlike in Europe, the penning down of shipping activities was not a concern for the authorities at the port in India. The pamphlets and newsletters declared the scheduled departure of the ship in Europe but, in India, this was done verbally. Therefore, maritime history in India remained marginalised. Hence, in this article, I make an endeavour to perceive how the oral testimonies can help shed some new light on certain aspects of maritime history in India, such as life on the ship, maritime practices, and perceptions among the littoral people in coastal societies. This article also outlines an approach on how the broader question on the transformation of scattered maritime practices among coastal societies can be adapted and transferred into an organised institution of law by the nineteenth century, and how these can be pursued in future. I also suggest in this article that the role of Europeans, especially the British, in the process of transformation, can be investigated further through oral testimonies in corroboration with the colonial archival records.


Author(s):  
Mark I. Vail

This chapter analyzes the development of French, German, and Italian liberalism from the nineteenth century to the 1980s, giving particular attention to each tradition’s conceptions of the role of the state and its relationship to groups and individual citizens. Using a broad range of historical source material and the works of influential political philosophers, it outlines the analytical frameworks central to French “statist liberalism,” German “corporate liberalism,” and Italian “clientelist liberalism.” It shows how these evolving traditions shaped the structure of each country’s postwar political-economic model and the policy priorities developed during the postwar boom through the early 1970s and provides conceptual touchstones for the direction and character of these traditions’ evolution in the face of the neoliberal challenge since the 1990s. The chapter demonstrates that each tradition accepted elements of a more liberal economic order while rejecting neoliberalism’s messianic market-making agenda and its abstract and disembedded political-economic vision.


Semantic Web ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Francesco Beretta

This paper addresses the issue of interoperability of data generated by historical research and heritage institutions in order to make them re-usable for new research agendas according to the FAIR principles. After introducing the symogih.org project’s ontology, it proposes a description of the essential aspects of the process of historical knowledge production. It then develops an epistemological and semantic analysis of conceptual data modelling applied to factual historical information, based on the foundational ontologies Constructive Descriptions and Situations and DOLCE, and discusses the reasons for adopting the CIDOC CRM as a core ontology for the field of historical research, but extending it with some relevant, missing high-level classes. Finally, it shows how collaborative data modelling carried out in the ontology management environment OntoME makes it possible to elaborate a communal fine-grained and adaptive ontology of the domain, provided an active research community engages in this process. With this in mind, the Data for history consortium was founded in 2017 and promotes the adoption of a shared conceptualization in the field of historical research.


This book is a ground-breaking study of the phenomenon of migration in and to England over the medieval millennium, between c. AD 500 and c. AD 1500. It reaches across traditional scholarly divides, both disciplinary and chronological, to investigate, for the first time, the different types of data and scholarly methods that reveal evidence of migration and mobility within the medieval kingdom of England. England offers the opportunity for studying migration and migrants over the longue durée, because it has been a recognisable political unit for over a millennium and because a wealth of source material has survived from these centuries. The data vary unevenly in quality and quantity across this period, but become considerably more powerful through multi-disciplinary approaches to data collection and interpretation. Fifteen subject specialists synthesise and extend recent research in a wide range of disciplines, including archaeology, art history, genetics, historical linguistics, history, literature and onomastics. They evaluate the capacity of different genres of evidence for addressing questions around migration and its effects on the identities of groups and individuals within medieval England, as well as methodological parameters and future research potential. The book therefore marks an important contribution to medieval studies, and to modern debates on migration and the free movement of people, arguing that migration in the modern world, and its reverberations, cannot be completely understood without taking a broad historical perspective on the topic.


Author(s):  
Галина Борисовна Сыченко

Статья посвящена рассмотрению основных подходов к изучению музыки в шаманизме, сложившихся и функционирующих в современной антропологии и музыковедении. Автор характеризует различные направления в каждом из них, приводя в качестве примеров и анализируя наиболее показательные труды. Литература (источники и исследования) подобрана таким образом, чтобы позволить читателю самостоятельно расширить библиографический список. Изложение следует хронологическому порядку и отражает логику развития научного знания в избранной области. Два наиболее ранних подхода - музыкально-этнографический и музыкально-теоретический - продолжают сохраняться и развиваться до сих пор. Относительно недавно на их основе начал формироваться комплексно-текстологический подход. Все они ориентированы на изучение самой музыки в этнографическом контексте (тексториентированные подходы). Позже появляются многочисленные труды музыкально-антропологического и культурологического направлений, довольно подробно исследующие концептуальные и функциональные аспекты шаманской и, шире, сакральной музыки в разных традициях (контексториентированные подходы). В последнее время появляется все больше работ, в которых в разной форме реализуется музыкально-психологический подход, причем спектр направлений внутри него весьма широк - от культурологических до нейрофизиологических. Большинство подобных исследований проводится за рубежом. В результате предпринятого обзора автором определены наиболее актуальные направления изучения проблематики «музыка и шаманизм». Это комплексный анализ полных вербально-музыкальных текстов шаманских камланий, исследование характера взаимосвязи звукового компонента с измененными состояниями сознания, изучение региональных традиций, а также, в перспективе, развитие методологии сравнительно-исторического исследования музыкальной составляющей шаманских традиций. This article examines the main approaches to the study of music in shamanism that have been developed and those that are current in modern anthropology and musicology. The author characterises the different areas of research covered in each approach, giving examples and analyzing representative works. The presentation of the different approaches is chronological and reflects the logic of the development of scholarly knowledge in the given field. The two earliest approaches - musical-ethnographic and musical-theoretical - continue to be used. Relatively recently, an integrative and textological approach has begun to be applied on their basis. These textually-oriented methods aim at studying the music in an ethnographic context. Subsequently context-oriented approaches have appeared, applying musical-anthropological and culturological methods that explore the conceptual and functional aspects of shamanic - and, more broadly, sacral - music in different traditions. Recently there have been an increasing number of studies that implement a music-psychological approach in various forms. The range of directions within this approach is broad, from culturological to neurophysiological; most such studies are conducted outside Russia. The author also identifies the most relevant current areas of research. These include: the comprehensive study of the verbal and musical texts of shamanic rituals; study of the nature of these texts’ relationship to altered states of consciousness; and comparative research on the most significant regional traditions. She looks forward to the development of a methodology appropriate for comparative historical research on the musical component of shamanic traditions.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Christin Conrad

The article deals with an encounter between Julie Hagen Schwarz, a Baltic German artist (1824–1902), and the Ausburg artist Moritz Rugendas (1802–1858), which was of great importance for the former, while she was studying in Munich around 1850. It also deals with the first presentation of her work in the Munich artist community, which resulted from cooperation with and promotion by Rugendas. Special attention is paid to the history of Hagen’s “Portrait of Moritz Rugendas in Brasilian Costume”, which originated from the artist’s close cooperation with the master Rugendas. Its presentation in the Munich and Augsburg Art Associations (Kunstverein) in October 1849 and May 1850 and the effect this had on the artistic career of Julie Hagen is examined. From this moment on, her works were discussed by colleagues and important personalities. She received many portrait commissions and her works were shown at several exhibitions in Munich and Augsburg. A discussion on the whereabouts of the still lost original painting and the provenance and authorship of a smaller copy in the collection of the Kadriorg Museum in Tallinn, which until now was identified as a “Self-Portrait” by Moritz Rugendas, follows. The attribution and the provenance of the preserved work from the Liphart collection are considered, along with the source texts, which suggest that Julie Hagen was the author and a correction of the attribution is in order.The collected findings published here were developed from the preserved letters of Julie Hagen, which, as rich and unique source material, show the artistic career of the painter. As a representative of her generation of female artists, it also provides an insight into the social context and educational situation of ambitious female painters around 1850. In connection with the correct attribution, the art-history investigation and positioning of the artist in the art community, it is hoped that the uncertainty that currently exists when evaluating the artistic performance of female painters and the low status assigned to them in exhibitions and the acquisition policy of museums will give way to growing interest, understanding and greater recognition.


2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Cathy Johns

What can an institutional archive tell us about the history of fashion education? The Royal College of Art's archive, in documenting the legacy of study and practice at the college, a key focal point of fashion education since 1948, illuminates in diverse ways the establishment and development of fashion design as an academic discipline. The print and digital collections in the RCA archive thus provide a rich resource that informs both contemporary practice and historical research, highlighting in addition issues raised by the increasingly digital access to this documentation for the archivist and the research community.


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