At ændre nutiden gennem fortiden – mundtlig historiefortælling i Danmark

Mange i dag tænker umiddelbart, at mundtlig fortælling af traditionelle sagn og eventyr mest hører fortiden til. Men inden for de sidste årtier er der opstået en ny interesse for mundtlig historiefortælling i Danmark. De nye fortællere beretter traditionelle sagn og eventyr, men også historier de selv har oplevet eller fundet på, eller historier fra skønlitterære værker. Man får indtryk af, at historiefortælling stadig har en forbindelse til fortiden. De største fortællefestivaler finder sted i historiske omgivelser på museer, og nutidens historiefortællere henviser ofte til fortælletraditionens lange historie, når de taler og skriver om historiefortælling.Hidtil har den nye interesse for historiefortælling ikke været genstand for forskning, men artiklen fremlægger et studie af historiefortælleres syn på fortælling og fortid. Fokus er, hvilke betydninger begreberne nostalgi og autenticitet har for fortællerne. Artiklen bygger primært på interviews med historiefortællere. Fortællerne blev blandt andet bedt om at beskrive, hvordan de umiddelbart forestillede sig, at historiefortælling fandt sted i fortiden. Det er et positivt billede af fortiden, der toner frem, og fortællerne bruger billederne af fortiden som afsæt til at kritisere træk af den moderne levemåde. De kritiserer medierne og de elektriske apparater for at gøre mennesker passive og ødelægge deres nærvær med andre levende mennesker. Ved at genoptage - hvad fortællerne opfatter som - en ældgammel og uddød tradition, ønsker de at skabe nogle oplevelser, som det moderne menneske savner i vore dages samfund. For fortællerne danner fortiden et idealiseret modbillede til nutiden og rummer dermed mulighed for, at fortællerne kan tale om deres idealer og håb for historiefortælling.Changing the Present through the Past - Oral Story-Telling in DenmarkToday, many people spontaneously think that oral transmission of traditional legends and fairy tales are a thing of the past. But in the last few decades a new interest has arisen in Denmark in oral story-telling. The new story-tellers relatetraditional legends and fairy tales, but also adventures that they themselves have experienced or invented, or stories from works of fiction. One has the impressionthat story-telling still has a link to the past. The major story-telling festivalstake place in historical surroundings in museums, and present-day story-tellers frequently point to the long history of the story-telling tradition when they speakor write about story-telling.So far, the new interest in story-telling has not been a subject for research, but the present article presents a study of the view of the story-tellers on story-telling and the past. Focus is on which meanings the concepts of nostalgia and authenticityhave for the story-tellers.The article is primarily based on interviews with story-tellers. They were interalia asked to describe how they would spontaneously imagine that story-telling took place in the past. It is a positive picture of the past that emerges, and the story-tellers use images of the past as a platform from which to criticize modernways of life. They criticize the media and electronic gadgets for making people passive and spoiling their being together with other living human beings. By reviving - what the storytellers see as - an ancient and extinct tradition, they wish to create experiences that modern man misses in present-day society. For the story-tellers, the past presents an idealized contrast to the present and thus contains a possibility for the story-tellers to expand about their ideals and hopes for story-telling.

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Selfi es

Zeitschrift für Kulturphilosophie ◽

10.28937/1000108152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

pp. 83-96

Author(s):

Ramon Reichert

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Digital Communication ◽

Role Expectations ◽

Digital Culture ◽

Final Part ◽

Human Face ◽

History Of ◽

The Media ◽

Front Stage

The history of the human face is the history of its social coding and the media- conditions of its appearance. The best way to explain the »selfie«-practices of today’s digital culture is to understand such practices as both participative and commercialized cultural techniques that allow their users to fashion their selves in ways they consider relevant for their identities as individuals. Whereas they may put their image of themselves front stage with their selfies, such images for being socially shared have to match determinate role-expectations, body-norms and ideals of beauty. Against this backdrop, collectively shared repertoires of images of normalized subjectivity have developed and leave their mark on the culture of digital communication. In the critical and reflexive discourses that surround the exigencies of auto-medial self-thematization we find reactions that are critical of self-representation as such, and we find strategies of de-subjectification with reflexive awareness of their media conditions. Both strands of critical reactions however remain ambivalent as reactions of protest. The final part of the present article focuses on inter-discourses, in particular discourses that construe the phenomenon of selfies thoroughly as an expression of juvenile narcissism. The author shows how this commonly accepted reading which has precedents in the history of pictorial art reproduces resentment against women and tends to stylize adolescent persons into a homogenous »generation« lost in self-love

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Fredrik Svanberg. Människosamlarna. Anatomiska museer och rasvetenskap i Sverige ca 1850–1950

Nordisk Museologi ◽

10.5617/nm.3071 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Eva Åhrén

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Medical History ◽

Human Remains ◽

Museum Collections ◽

Human Beings ◽

History Museum ◽

Media Attention ◽

History Of ◽

The Media ◽

Swedish History

The publication of Fredrik Svanberg’s Människosamlarna. Anatomiska museer och rasvetenskap i Sverige ca 1850–1950 [The Collectors of Human Beings. Anatomical Museums and Racial Science in Sweden c. 1850–1950] is very timely. The topic of human remains in museum collections has recently been under debate in Swedish media Early in 2015, the debate was triggered by the efforts of Karolinska Institutet’s Unit for Medical History and Heritage to research its neglected historic collections of human remains, and start repatriating racialized skulls to indigenous source communities. (Disclosure: I am the director of that unit, and my own research on the history of medical museums is referenced in this book.) Svanberg, who is head of research at the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm, wrote an important contribution to the media debate. The old skull collections that still exist in Lund, Uppsala and Stockholm, he pointed out, have been “rediscovered” by the media at intervals of 5–7 years since the 1980s (cf. pp. 20–26). Media attention tends to cause a brief uproar, until the crania are quickly forgotten again – until the next time. Swedes don’t seem to retain past understandings and constructions of race, or how these conceptions contributed to the creation of our modern, neutral and ostensibly non-racist welfare state.

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Images as documents for the history of science: some remarks concerning classification

Circumscribere International Journal for the History of Science ◽

10.23925/1980-7651.2017v20;p112-119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Helena Roxo Beltran ◽

Vera Cecilia Machline

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

History Of Science ◽

The Past ◽

The Arts ◽

History Of ◽

Ancient Times

Studies on history of science are increasingly emphasizing the important role that, since ancient times, images have had in the processes of shaping concepts, as well as registering and transmitting knowledge about nature and the arts. In the past years, we have developed at Center Simão Mathias of Studies on the History of Science (CESIMA) inquiries devoted to the analysis of images as forms of registering and transmitting knowledge about nature and the arts – that is to say, as documents pertaining to the history of science. These inquiries are grounded on the assumption that all images derive from the interaction between the artistic technique used in their manufacture and the concept intended to be expressed by them. This study enabled us to analyze distinct roles that images have had in different fields of knowledge at various ages. Some of the results obtained so far are summarized in the present article.

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“Tanked up Yobs” and “Self-Pity City”. Deconstructing the Myths of the Hillsborough Disaster

STADION ◽

10.5771/0172-4029-2019-1-58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 58-75

Author(s):

Alan McDougall

Keyword(s):

Public Discourse ◽

British History ◽

Public Realm ◽

Grassroots Activism ◽

The Public ◽

The Past ◽

Overwhelming Evidence ◽

History Of ◽

The Media ◽

Government Legislation

On 15 April 1989, Liverpool FC played Nottingham Forest in an FA Cup semi-final at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield in northern England. Catastrophic errors by the police and other organisations led to the deaths of 96 Liverpool supporters, crushed against the perimeter fences on the Leppings Lane terrace. Though the horrific facts of the disaster were quickly and widely known, they were lost beneath another narrative, promoted by the police, numerous politicians, and large sections of the media. This narrative blamed the disaster on “tanked up yobs”: drunk and aggressive Liverpool supporters, who turned up late and forced their way into the ground. Over the subsequent years and decades, as Hillsborough campaigners vainly sought justice for the disaster’s victims in a series of trials and inquests, the destructive allegation remained in the public realm. It was reinforced by establishment dismissal of Liverpool as a “self-pity city”, home to a community incapable of accepting official verdicts or of leaving the past in the past. This essay uncovers the history of the myths of the Hillsborough disaster. It first shows how these myths were established - how false narratives, with powerful backers, shifted responsibility for the disaster from the police to supporters, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. It then examines how these myths were embedded in public discourse - how Liverpool was demonised as an aggressively sentimental city where people refused to admit to “killing their own”. It finally analyses how these myths were overturned through research, media mobilisation, and grassroots activism, a process that culminated in the 2016 inquest verdict, which ruled that the 96 Hillsborough victims were unlawfully killed. In doing so, the essay shows how Hillsborough became a key event in modern British history, influencing everything from stadium design to government legislation.

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Inspiration of Astronomy in the Movies: a History of a Close Encounter

10.46472/cc.01216.0257 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (1 and 2) ◽

pp. 357-371

Author(s):

Beatriz García ◽

Estela Reynoso ◽

Silvina Pérez Alvarez ◽

Raúl Gabellone

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Real Life ◽

Past Century ◽

Science History ◽

Cultural Expression ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Giordano Bruno ◽

The Media

The connection between astronomy and an independent, widespread cultural expression like cinematography is of particular interest within the context of the Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena. Astronomy has caught the interest of the seventh art since its birth, early in the twentieth century. In this paper we go through a collection of movies that reveal how astronomy and astronomers are perceived by society. We notice the influence of the progress achieved in astronautics in the second half of the past century, and how interplanetary or even intergalactic travels have become a recurrent issue. In many cases, astronomical facts are rigorously treated, but several other times, serious mistakes are transmitted. Biographical movies based on astronomical celebrities are rare, but some are masterpieces, like Giordano Bruno by Giuliano Montaldo, or Galileo Galilei by Liliana Cavani. In this sense the astronomers, as main characters in cinema, support the idea of the scientist as everyman, connected with life and, in many cases, with a sense of social responsibility. From the analysis of more than a hundred movies, we can see that this particular manifestation of art, which involves science and technology, can be used not only to reproduce astronomical events, transmit a message or reproduce a particular epoch of science history, but also to teach, to develop a critical faculty when faced with information from the media, and to show that astronomical facts can be as interesting, relevant, dramatic, happy or funny as real life.

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A vueltas con la recuperación del leonés = Rethinking the recovery of Leonese

Añada: revista d'estudios llioneses ◽

10.18002/ana.v0i1.6160 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Christian Fernández Chapman

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Present Article ◽

20Th Century ◽

Language Attitudes ◽

Linguistic Ideologies ◽

New Approach ◽

The Past ◽

Language Recovery ◽

History Of ◽

Do So

ResumenEl presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis sucinto sobre la trayectoria de la recuperación moderna del leonés, así como contribuir al campo de la sociolingüística a través de una valoración sobre las ideologías lingüísticas de las asociaciones involucradas en su protección, activas en la actualidad o en el pasado. Para ello, analizaremos las ideas y discursos que apoyan o refutan posturas hegemónicas y contrahegemónicas dentro del proceso de recuperación lingüística utilizando la teoría del sociolingüista gallego José del Valle mediante la contraposición que establece entre las culturas de la monoglosia y de la heteroglosia, lo cual supone una novedad para entender el marco conceptual de la realidad lingüística leonesa dentro de esta disciplina. AbstractThe present article intends to elaborate on the history of the modern recovery of Leonese as well as contributing to the field of sociolinguistics through an analysis of the linguistic ideologies of the associations –currently active or in the past– involved in its protection. To do so, after reviewing the style and language attitudes of the first writers in Leonese of the 20th century, we will focus on the ideas and rhetoric of associations that support or reject hegemonic or counterhegemonic stances within the process of language recovery using the theory of CUNY sociolinguist José del Valle, who establishes an opposition between the culture of monoglossia and the culture of heteroglossia. This new approach aims to provide a conceptual framework to understand the Leonese language situation within the field of sociolinguistics.

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‘VIPsm’, A Threat to Social Stability in South Africa: From Apartheid Exclusions to Democratized Inequalities

European Review Of Applied Sociology ◽

10.1515/eras-2016-0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (13) ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

Mashele Rapatsa

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Social Stability ◽

Transformational Leaders ◽

Human Beings ◽

Major Goal ◽

Social Challenges ◽

The Past ◽

The Poor ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe object of this article is to present a critical analysis of the impact of the notion of ‘VIPsm’, a phenomenon through which human beings are socially ‘categorized’ or ‘classed’ according to status or wealth or position being held in society. The article is predicated on South Africa’s discernible constitutional pursuit of attaining social stability and equitable social justice. This work is also considerate of the country’s known unpleasant history of apartheid’s acute race-based social exclusions, and in contrast, the post 1994 persistent social and economic inequalities which thus far proliferates material disadvantage, poverty, social discontent and protests amongst citizens. The article employed ‘Transformational Leadership theory ‘and ‘Power and Influence theories’ as tools of analysis, given that the Constitution, 1996 is transformative in nature and thus require ‘transformational leaders’ in order to achieve its major goal of burying wounds of the past, to build one unified nation that is socially stable. It is asserted that social challenges and superfluous differential treatment of humans besieging contemporary South Africa are suggestive of the presence of leadership that is self-centered, opulence driven, and has little or no regard for the poor and thus, disfavor the solidarity principle.

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Natives, Subjects, Consumers: Notes on Continuities and Transformations in Indian Masculine Cultures

Masculinities & Social Change ◽

10.17583/mcs.2016.1905 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sanjay Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Prime Minister ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Economic Planning ◽

Post Colonial ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

The Media

<div>This article explores recent histories of masculine cultures in India. The discussion proceeds through outlining the most significant sites of the making of masculinity discourses during the colonial, the immediate post-colonial as well as the contemporary period. The immediate present is explored through an investigation of the the media persona of India's current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. Through constructing a narrative of Indian modernity that draws upon diverse contexts -- such as colonial discourses about natives, anti-colonial nationalism, and post-colonial discourses of economic planning, 'liberalization' and consumerism -- the article illustrates the multiple locations of masculinity politics. Further, the exploration of relationships between economic, political and social contexts also seeks to blur the boundaries between them, thereby initiating a methodological dialogue regarding the study of masculinities. The article also seeks to point out that while there are continuities between the (colonial) past and the (post-colonial) present, the manner in which the past is utilised for the purposes of the present relates to performances and contexts in the present. Finally, the article suggests there is no linear history of masculinity, rather that the uses of the past in the present allow us to understand the prolix and circular ways in which the present is constituted. </div>

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Basho as a Post-Pastoral Poet (ポスト・パストラル詩人としての芭蕉)

Culture and Dialogue ◽

10.1163/24683949-12340023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 7-30

Author(s):

Kinya Nishi ◽

欣也西

Keyword(s):

Literary Tradition ◽

Japanese Literature ◽

Human Beings ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Uncritical Acceptance

This essay is an attempt to explore Basho Matsuo’s establishment of haiku as a significant moment in the history of Japanese literature where the perception of nature was drastically changed. It is often assumed that Basho’s poetry exemplifies aesthetic harmony between human beings and nature. However, with the help of recent critical discussions on the idea of nature I will argue that Basho’s poems entail intriguing paradoxes between, for example, the natural and the artificial, or between the legacy of the past and the perception of the present. A reconsideration of the literary, religious and social dimensions of Basho’s work will help us clarify how the poet, having mastered a range of styles, whether classical or contemporary urban, exposed himself to nature during his journeys in order to establish a new structure of aesthetics. I will draw on the “post-pastoral” debate to position Basho’s achievement among the great traditions that have expanded the possibility of representation by striking a subtle balance between uncritical acceptance and wholesale rejection of literary tradition. 〔概要〕本論は、松尾芭蕉による俳諧の確立を、日本文学史において自然認識を大きく変容させる重要な時機として考察する試みである。しばしば芭蕉の詩作は、自然と人間との間の美的調和を典型的に示すものと考えられている。しかし、自然の観念をめぐる最近の議論を踏まえるならば、芭蕉の詩は《自然なもの》と《作られたもの》、《過去の遺産》と《現在の知覚》等々のあいだの興味ある逆説を内包していることがわかる。芭蕉の作品の背後にある文学的、宗教的、社会的諸次元を再考していくことにより、芭蕉が、古典から同時代の都市の流行まで多様な様式に習熟したのち、旅において自らを自然に曝し、新しい構造を持つ美学を構築したことが示されるであろう。「ポスト・パストラル」の議論を参照しながら、筆者は芭蕉の達成したものを偉大な伝統のうちに据えてみたい。その伝統とはすなわち、文学伝統の無批判な受容と総体的拒絶とのあいだの精妙なバランスをとることによって、表現の可能性を拡大する伝統である。 This article is in Japanese.

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Medicine for Sin as Prescribed in the Penitentials

Church History ◽

10.2307/3160981 ◽

1932 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

John T. McNeill

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Literary History ◽

Textual Criticism ◽

Spiritual Health ◽

Past Century ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

The Past ◽

Church Life ◽

History Of

During the past century the textual criticism and literary history of the Penitentials have received considerable attention, but the investigation of their actual function in social and church life has only begun. Yet the field is inviting. The Penitentials have, for instance, notable legal and economic aspects; they offer considerable information on ascetic practices, they have a bearing on ritual developments; and the relation of their relaxations, compositions and commutations of penance to the development of Indulgences is itself an important question. It is not the purpose of the present article to investigate any of these, but to suggest still another angle of approach. I wish to present some elementary considerations toward the answer to a question which is perhaps more basic than any of those just suggested. The question may be stated thus: What did the Penitentials contribute, and what were they designed to contribute, to the cure of souls? The cure of souls (cura animarum ) means of course the general ministry of religion in the care, and only incidentally the healing, of souls. But the penitent was regarded as one morally diseased and ill, and his treatment is, in the Penitentials, repeatedly, even habitually, referred to as the task of the moral physician. His sins are the symptoms of disease. The penalties enforced are “medicamenta,” “remedia,” “fomenta”—measures designed to restore his moral and spiritual health.

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