scholarly journals Promoting a More Interactive Public Archaeology

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard K. Means
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Virginia Commonwealth University ◽  
3D Digital Models

AbstractStewards of the tangible past are increasingly embracing technologies that enable digital preservation of rare and fragile finds. The Virtual Curation Laboratory (VCL) at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) partners with museums, cultural heritage locations, and collections repositories to create three-dimensional (3D) digital models of artifacts from archaeological sites distributed across the globe. In the VCL, undergraduate VCU students bring a fresh perspective unburdened by archaeological orthodoxy as they use a laser scanner to record artifact details, edit the resulting digital models, and print plastic replicas that are painted to resemble the original items. The 3D digital models and printed replicas allow for new ways of visualizing the past, while preserving the actual artifacts themselves. These forms of archaeological visualization enable the broader public and not just a narrow band of researchers to dynamically and meaningfully interact with rare and fragile objects in ways that would otherwise not be possible, empowering their own contributions to interpreting, understanding, and reimagining the past. We must embrace co-creation through virtual artifact curation and recognize that, while we sacrifice some control over the stories that are told about the past, more stories will be told and shared as pieces of the past become more accessible.

A Fast Mask Projection Stereolithography Process for Fabricating Digital Models in Minutes

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayue Pan ◽  
Chi Zhou ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Projection Stereolithography ◽  
Direct Digital Manufacturing ◽  
3D Digital Models

The purpose of this paper is to present a direct digital manufacturing (DDM) process that is an order of magnitude faster than other DDM processes that are currently available. The developed process is based on a mask-image-projection-based stereolithography (MIP-SL) process, in which a digital micromirror device (DMD) controls projection light to selectively cure liquid photopolymer resin. In order to achieve high-speed fabrication, we investigate the bottom-up projection system in the MIP-SL process. A two-way linear motion approach has been developed for the quick spreading of liquid resin into uniform thin layers. The system design and related settings for achieving a fabrication speed of a few seconds per layer are presented. Additionally, the hardware, software, and material setups for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) digital models are presented. Experimental studies using the developed testbed have been performed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented fast MIP-SL process. The test results illustrate that the newly developed process can build a moderately sized part within minutes instead of hours that are typically required.

Reimag(in)ing the Past

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Emmitt ◽  
Briar Sefton ◽  
Rebecca Phillipps ◽  
Willeke Wendrich ◽  
Simon Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legacy Data ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACTThe excavation of the site of Kom W in the Fayum region of Egypt during the 1920s by Caton-Thompson and Gardner resulted in the loss of the original surface topography. Detailed section drawings recorded the surface and bottom of excavation, but it was previously difficult to interpret the published images. This article reports on the use of these images to create a three-dimensional representation of the site as it was before and after excavation in the 1920s. This visualization aids the interpretation of the formation processes that shaped Kom W in ways that were previously unachievable due to limitations in the original data. Archaeological sites are under increasing threat of destruction, especially in the Near East. This method could be applied to legacy data in order to reconstruct a site with the data available.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Human Microbiome Constituents to Understand Spatial Relationships & Shape Parameters in Bacteriology

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Jacques Izard ◽  
Teklu Kuru Gerbaba ◽  
Shara R. P. Yumul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Visuospatial Information ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
3D Digital Models

Effective laboratory and classroom demonstration of microbiome size and shape, diversity, and ecological relationships is hampered by a lack of high-resolution, easy-to-use, readily accessible physical or digital models for use in teaching. Three-dimensional (3D) representations are, overall, more effective in communicating visuospatial information, allowing for a better understanding of concepts not directly observable with the unaided eye. Published morphology descriptions and microscopy images were used as the basis for designing 3D digital models, scaled at 20,000×, using computer-aided design software (CAD) and generating printed models of bacteria on mass-market 3D printers. Sixteen models are presented, including rod-shaped, spiral, flask-like, vibroid, and filamentous bacteria as well as different arrangements of cocci. Identical model scaling enables direct comparison as well as design of a wide range of educational plans.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Measurement and Three-Dimensional Printing of Giant Coastal Rocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Gao ◽  
Akio Doi ◽  
Kenji Sakakibara ◽  
Tomonaru Hosokawa ◽  
Masahiro Harata
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Shape Reconstruction ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
3D Shape Reconstruction ◽  
3D Digital Models

In recent years, the use of three-dimensional (3D) measurement and printing technologies has become an effective means of analyzing and reproducing both physical and natural objects, regardless of size. However, in some complex environments, such as coastal environments, it is difficult to obtain the required data by conventional measurement methods. In this paper, we describe our efforts to archive and digitally reproduce a giant coastal rock formation known as Sanouiwa, a famous site off the coast of Miyako City, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. We used two different 3D measurement techniques. The first involved taking pictures using a drone-mounted camera, and the second involved the use of global navigation satellite system data. The point cloud data generated from the high-resolution camera images were integrated using 3D shape reconstruction software, and 3D digital models were created for use in tourism promotion and environmental protection awareness initiatives. Finally, we fabricated the 3D digital models of the rocks with 3D printers for use as museum exhibitions, school curriculum materials, and related applications.

The reliability of Little's Irregularity Index for the upper dental arch using three dimensional (3D) digital models

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Burns ◽  
Adam H. Dowling ◽  
Thérèse M. Garvey ◽  
Garry J.P Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Irregularity Index ◽  
3D Digital Models

An On-Campus Alternative to the Archaeological Field School

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Turnbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Field Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field School ◽  
Field Methodology ◽  
Student Practice

AbstractThe need to teach archaeological field techniques and the obligation to conserve the resources of the past often involve conflicting priorities. On-site instruction ought to be compatible with the accountability of archaeologists under recent provisions for public archaeology and historic preservation. The author presents a viable tested alternative to the indiscriminate exploitation of archaeological sites for the purpose of student practice in field methodology.

scholarly journals Survey of 3D digital heritage repositories and platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Champion ◽  
Hafizur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Digital Heritage ◽  
Virtual Heritage ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
3D Digital Models ◽  
Digital Assets

<p class="VARAbstract">Despite the increasing number of three-dimensional (3D) model portals and online repositories catering for digital heritage scholars, students and interested members of the general public, there are very few recent academic publications that offer a critical analysis when reviewing the relative potential of these portals and online repositories. Solid reviews of the features and functions they offer are insufficient; there is also a lack of explanations as to how these assets and their related functionality can further the digital heritage (and virtual heritage) field, and help in the preservation, maintenance, and promotion of real-world 3D heritage sites and assets. What features do they offer? How could their feature list better cater for the needs of the GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) sector? This article’s priority is to examine the useful features of 8 institutional and 11 commercial repositories designed specifically to host 3D digital models. The available features of their associated 3D viewers, where applicable, are also analysed, connecting recommendations for future-proofing with the need to address current gaps and weaknesses in the scholarly field of 3D digital heritage. Many projects do not address the requirements stipulated by charters, such as access, reusability, and preservation. The lack of preservation strategies and examples highlights the oxymoronic nature of virtual heritage (oxymoronic in the sense that the virtual heritage projects themselves are seldom preserved). To study these concerns, six criteria for gauging the usefulness of the 3D repositories to host 3D digital models and related digital assets are suggested. The authors also provide 13 features that would be useful additions for their 3D viewers.</p><p>Highlights:</p><ul><li><p>A survey of relevant features from eight institutional and eleven commercial online 3D repositories in the scholarly fieldof 3D digital heritage.</p></li><li><p>Presents a critical review of their hosting services and 3D model viewer features.</p></li><li><p>Proposes six features to enhance services of 3D repositories to support the GLAM sector, heritage scholars andheritage communities.</p></li></ul>

scholarly journals Comparison of Linear Measurements and Analyses taken from Plaster Models and Three-dimensional Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandéca ◽  
Mônica Barros Silva ◽  
Betina Grehs Porto ◽  
Thiago Soares Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Three Dimensional Images ◽  
Plaster Model ◽  
Plaster Models

ABSTRACT Digital models are an alternative for carrying out analyses and devising treatment plans in orthodontics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the reproducibility of measurements of tooth sizes, interdental distances and analyses of occlusion using plaster models and their digital images. Thirty pairs of plaster models were chosen at random, and the digital images of each plaster model were obtained using a laser scanner (3Shape R-700, 3Shape A/S). With the plaster models, the measurements were taken using a caliper (Mitutoyo Digimatic®, Mitutoyo (UK) Ltd) and the MicroScribe (MS) 3DX (Immersion, San Jose, Calif). For the digital images, the measurement tools used were those from the O3d software (Widialabs, Brazil). The data obtained were compared statistically using the Dahlberg formula, analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The majority of the measurements, obtained using the caliper and O3d were identical, and both were significantly different from those obtained using the MS. Intra-examiner agreement was lowest when using the MS. The results demonstrated that the accuracy and reproducibility of the tooth measurements and analyses from the plaster models using the caliper and from the digital models using O3d software were identical. How to cite this article Porto BG, Porto TS, Silva MB, Grehs RA, dos Santos Pinto A, Bhandi SH, Tonetto MR, Bandéca MC, dos Santos-Pinto LAM. Comparison of Linear Measurements and Analyses taken from Plaster Models and Three-dimensional Images. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):681-687.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of palatal rugae morphometric assessment with 3D laser scanned models

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e225924
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdulkhaleq Alselwi ◽  
Mohd Fadhli bin Khamis ◽  
Johari Yap Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Interexaminer Reliability ◽  
3D Digital Models ◽  
Dental Casts

Aim: To assess the reliability and validity of morphometric features on 3D digital models produced by scanning maxillary dental casts of Malaysian Malay subjects. Methods: Dental casts of 20 subjects were scanned using a 3D laser scanner (Next Engine Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA). The palatal rugae morphometric features were assessed on the resulting 3D models using 3-Matic Research 9.0 software (Materialise NV, Heverlee, Belgium). The assessments were repeated by the first and second authors to assess the intra- and interexaminer reliability, respectively. Rugae morphometric features were also evaluated on the conventional plaster models to assess the validity of the 3D method. Results: Kappa values of the validity ranged from 0.807 to 0.922 for rugae shape, size category and direction. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for rugae number validity was 0.979. For intra-examiner reliability, kappa values ranged from 0.716-1.000 for rugae shape, size category and direction. The ICC for rugae number intra-examiner reliability was 0.949. Kappa values of interexaminer reliability for rugae shape, size category and direction were 0.723-885, while the ICC of rugae number was 0.896. Conclusion: Palatal rugae analyses on 3D digital models scanned by the 3D Next Engine laser scanner using 3-Matic Research 9.0 software are valid and reliable.

3D Digital Models for Scientific Purpose

2017 ◽  
pp. 291-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cipriani ◽  
Filippo Fantini ◽  
Silvia Bertacchi
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Digital Copy ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
3D Digital Models ◽  
Scientific Purpose

Reality-based digital models assist in the achievement of accurate analysis of historical buildings as well as archaeological sites and, more in general, of monuments featuring more or less complex forms. Their reliability is particularly useful when the state of conservation of masonries and vaults has been altered due to deterioration phenomena or as a consequence of incorrect interventions. In these cases, a highly detailed “digital copy” of the ancient constructions, if correctly observed via reverse modelling applications, can provide useful indications for an accurate and scientifically-based digital reconstruction. The Octagonal Hall of Small Baths at Hadrian's Villa, with its daring design of vaults and audacious building techniques, was chosen to test several interpretation techniques based on the customization of contemporary reverse modelling procedures integrated with standard protocols of design analysis and archaeological investigation.

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