scholarly journals Crude Oil Classification Based On Age And Provenance From The Southern Iraq: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Rzger A. Abdula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Oil Seeps ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Group 2

A collection of 165 crude oils, 12 oil seeps, and 24 extracts and recovered samples from 25 oil exploratory wells and 6 oil seeps in the Southern Mesopotamian Basin were studied. Biomarker configurations and other organic geochemistry parameters were used to discover the depositional environments and to classify the oil samples as provenance groups. Petroleum liquids were geochemically classified into four groups. The first group of oils, Middle Jurassic Zagros Fold Belt, is located in the Maysan, Basra, and Thi qar provinces of the basin that has pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) proportions ≤0.97 and contains sufficient gammacerane. Methylphenanthrene index 1 (MPI 1) values show that the first group of oils is mature. Oils from Group 2, Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy/Yamama, by disparity have Pr/Ph proportions between 0.72 and 1.12 and relatively moderate C28/C29 steranes, 0.52-0.88. Ts/Tm ratios indicate thermal maturity for Group 2 oils. Unlike oils from other groups, the oils from Group 3, Cretaceous to Tertiary oils, in Subba Field hold the highest canonical variable (CV) values that range between 0.43 and –2.30. The fourth group, Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic oil seeps, is the oldest among all groups. This group holds an average carbon isotope ratio –28.25‰ and –28.10‰ for saturates and aromatics respectively, which are the lowest values among all oils in the studied region. The Tithonian-Berriasian Sulaiy/Yamama oils further divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup, A, has carbon preference index (CPI) values of ≤1.08 (average 0.86) and C28/C29 sterane of 0.56-1.13 with an average of 0.65. Second subgroup, B, holds CPI ≤1.18 (average 0.99) and C28/C29 sterane 0.55-0.82 with an average of 0.63. The last subgroup, C, has CPI values ≤0.93 (average 0.85) and high C27 and C29 steranes (average 46.5% and 39.61%, respectively). In the same way, the Group 3 can be further subdivided into two subgroups based on values of carbon isotopes for saturates and aromatics. The oils from this group are heterogeneous and can be further divided into Tertiary Subgroup and Cretaceous Subgroup.

scholarly journals From continental platform towards rifting of the Tisza Unit in the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géza Császár ◽  
Balázs Szinger ◽  
Olga Piros
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Rift Zone ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Carbonates ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Thinned Continental Crust

Abstract The Upper Triassic-Lower Cretaceous successions of the Transdanubian part of the Mecsek and Villány- Bihor Zones of the Tisza Unit have been studied from the lithological, lithostratigraphical, sedimentological, microfossil and microfacies points of view in order to correlate and interpret the significant differences between them and to draw a conclusion about their geological and paleogeographical history. After an overview of the paleogeographical reconstructions of the broader area, the succession of the Mecsek and Villány-Bihor Zones and the debated Máriakéménd-Bár Range are introduced. Until the end of the Middle Triassic the study area acted as an entity. The first fundamental difference between the two zones can be recognized in the Late Triassic when marine carbonates were replaced by thick fluvial siliciclastics in the Mecsek Zone, while it is represented only by small, local lenses with a few and thin dolostone intercalations in the Villány Zone. The Mecsek Zone is bordered southward by one of the large listric faults to the north of which very thick siliciclastics developed in the Early to Middle Jurassic, whereas it is highly lacunose in the larger western part of the Villány-Bihor Zone. The break at the base is subaerial, higher in the succession it is shallow submarine. The sediment is silty, occasionally sandy crinoidal limestone of late Early Jurassic or even Middle Jurassic in age. The Upper Jurassic in the Mecsek Zone is composed of deep-water cherty limestone while in the Villány Zone it became a thick, shallowing pelagic limestone with reworked patch reef fragments. It is clear evidence that the Mecsek Zone had a thinned continental crust thanks to the nearby rift zone while in the Villány Zone the crust remained thick. The actualized version of the Plašienka’s paleogeographical model (Plašienka 2000) is introduced

scholarly journals Sedimentology and depositional environments of Murihiku Supergroup sediments exposed in the Southland Syncline, New Zealand: Implications for reservoir potential in the Great South Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angus David Howden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
South Basin ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Potential

<p>A considerable amount is known about the biostratigraphy and organic geochemistry of the Murihiku Supergroup sediments exposed in coastal outcrops of the Southland Syncline, New Zealand. Much less work has been undertaken on the sedimentology of these strata, or understanding their depositional environments and depositional trends through time. What these implications are for reservoir prospectivity in the adjacent Great South Basin, has also had little study focused on it.  This thesis addresses these issues by undertaking outcrop-based sedimentological and facies interpretations of these rocks, thin-section based petrographic composition and provenance analysis, augmented by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as porosity and permeability measurements from outcrop core plugs. Petroleum industry seismic data has additionally enabled seismic facies mapping of Murihiku rocks in the offshore Great South Basin.  Outcrop observations point to a progressive change in depositional setting, from shelf / upper slope settings during the Late Triassic, to base of slope turbidite deposition in the Early Jurassic. This transgression is followed by regression into fluvial settings in the youngest outcropping Murihiku rocks in the study of Middle Jurassic age. Petrographically the sandstones are feldspathic and lithic arenites and feldspathic and lithic wackes. Provenance suggests derivation from an evolving, intermediate arc that was becoming more siliceous through Late Triassic and Middle Jurassic time. Diagenesis is characterised by early calcite and chlorite precipitation which have almost completely destroyed any primary porosity. Any secondary micro porosity has subsequently been infilled through dissolution of framework grains and zeolitization. SEM and core plug porosity and permeability measurements corroborate the diagenetic changes observed petrographically, with only fluvial facies of Middle Jurassic (Upper Temaikan) age showing any measureable porosity or permeability.  As a result, reservoir potential for the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic, Murihiku Supergroup rocks analysed in this study is low. Younger Murihiku sandstones which are postulated to occur offshore in the Great South Basin are likely to be less influenced by burial diagenesis. As shown from North Island occurrences, these younger successions hold some potential.The reservoir potential for these youngest portions of the Murihiku succession therefore remains positive, both in the Great South Basin, as well as other frontier areas of Zealandia, and continue to provide an exploration target for the petroleum industry.</p>

scholarly journals Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Michelsen ◽  
Lars H. Nielsen ◽  
Peter N. Johannessen ◽  
Jan Andsbjerg ◽  
Finn Surlyk
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
New Members ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Central North Sea ◽  
Sea Area

A complete updated and revised lithostratigraphic scheme for the Jurassic succession of the onshore and offshore Danish areas is presented together with an overview of the geological evolution. The lithostratigraphies of Bornholm, the Danish Basin and the Danish Central Graben are described in ascending order, and a number of new units are defined. On Bornholm, the Lower–Middle Jurassic coal-bearing clays and sands that overlie the Lower Pliensbachian Hasle Formation are referred to the new Sorthat Formation (Lower Jurassic) and the revised Bagå Formation (Middle Jurassic). In the southern Danish Central Graben, the Middle Jurassic succession formerly referred to the Lower Graben Sand Formation is now included in the revised Bryne Formation. The Lulu Formation is erected to include the uppermost part of the Middle Jurassic succession, previously referred to the Bryne Formation in the northern Danish Central Graben. The Upper Jurassic Heno Formation is subdivided into two new members, the Gert Member (lower) and the Ravn Member (upper). The organic-rich part of the upper Farsund Formation, the former informal ‘hot unit’, is established formally as the Bo Member. Dominantly shallow marine and paralic deposition in the Late Triassic was succeeded by widespread deposition of offshore marine clays in the Early Jurassic. On Bornholm, coastal and paralic sedimentation prevailed. During maximum transgression in the Early Toarcian, sedimentation of organic-rich offshore clays took place in the Danish area. This depositional phase was terminated by a regional erosional event in early Middle Jurassic time, caused by uplift of the central North Sea area, including the Ringkøbing–Fyn High. In the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone to the east, where slow subsidence continued, marine sandy sediments were deposited in response to the uplift. Uplift of the central North Sea area was followed by fault-controlled subsidence accompanied by fluvial and floodplain deposition during Middle Jurassic time. On Bornholm, deposition of lacustrine muds, fluvial sands and peats dominated. The late Middle Jurassic saw a gradual shift to shallow marine deposition in the Danish Central Graben, the Danish Basin and Skåne, southern Sweden. During the Late Jurassic, open marine shelf conditions prevailed with deposition of clay-dominated sediments while shallow marine sands were deposited on platform areas. The Central Graben received sand by means of sediment gravity flows. The clay sediments in the Central Graben became increasingly rich in organic matter at the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition, whilst shallow marine coarse-grained deposits prograded basinwards in the Sorgenfrei– Tornquist Zone.

scholarly journals Sedimentology and depositional environments of Murihiku Supergroup sediments exposed in the Southland Syncline, New Zealand: Implications for reservoir potential in the Great South Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angus David Howden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
South Basin ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Potential

<p>A considerable amount is known about the biostratigraphy and organic geochemistry of the Murihiku Supergroup sediments exposed in coastal outcrops of the Southland Syncline, New Zealand. Much less work has been undertaken on the sedimentology of these strata, or understanding their depositional environments and depositional trends through time. What these implications are for reservoir prospectivity in the adjacent Great South Basin, has also had little study focused on it.  This thesis addresses these issues by undertaking outcrop-based sedimentological and facies interpretations of these rocks, thin-section based petrographic composition and provenance analysis, augmented by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as porosity and permeability measurements from outcrop core plugs. Petroleum industry seismic data has additionally enabled seismic facies mapping of Murihiku rocks in the offshore Great South Basin.  Outcrop observations point to a progressive change in depositional setting, from shelf / upper slope settings during the Late Triassic, to base of slope turbidite deposition in the Early Jurassic. This transgression is followed by regression into fluvial settings in the youngest outcropping Murihiku rocks in the study of Middle Jurassic age. Petrographically the sandstones are feldspathic and lithic arenites and feldspathic and lithic wackes. Provenance suggests derivation from an evolving, intermediate arc that was becoming more siliceous through Late Triassic and Middle Jurassic time. Diagenesis is characterised by early calcite and chlorite precipitation which have almost completely destroyed any primary porosity. Any secondary micro porosity has subsequently been infilled through dissolution of framework grains and zeolitization. SEM and core plug porosity and permeability measurements corroborate the diagenetic changes observed petrographically, with only fluvial facies of Middle Jurassic (Upper Temaikan) age showing any measureable porosity or permeability.  As a result, reservoir potential for the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic, Murihiku Supergroup rocks analysed in this study is low. Younger Murihiku sandstones which are postulated to occur offshore in the Great South Basin are likely to be less influenced by burial diagenesis. As shown from North Island occurrences, these younger successions hold some potential.The reservoir potential for these youngest portions of the Murihiku succession therefore remains positive, both in the Great South Basin, as well as other frontier areas of Zealandia, and continue to provide an exploration target for the petroleum industry.</p>

Permo–Triassic granitoids, Hainan Island, link to Paleotethyan not Paleopacific tectonics

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2067-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying He ◽  
Yuejun Wang ◽  
Peter A. Cawood ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Yuzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hainan Island ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
T Values ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Hainan Island may have lain at the boundary between the Tethyan and Pacific domains since the late Paleozoic. Permo–Triassic granitoids outcropped on the island provide insight into Mesozoic tectonic evolution and potential dynamics. Based on analyses of zircon U-Pb geochronological and Hf-O isotopic data, along with whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data, the Permo–Triassic granitoids are divided into three groups: Late Permian (256–252 Ma) gneissic granitoids (Group 1), Early–Middle Triassic (247–244 Ma) massive granitoids (Group 2), and Middle-Late Triassic (242–225 Ma) massive granitoids (Group 3). Groups 1 and 2 exhibit similar elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions with εNd(t) values ranging from –6.71 to –3.25. Group 1 is characterized by gneissic foliation and calc-alkaline I-type geochemical affinities with negative Nb-Ta and Ti anomalies; it has low εHf(t) (–4.2∼+0.2) and high δ18O values (9.35–10.46‰), possibly related to derivation of a metabasite source in a continental arc setting. The Group 2 samples are peraluminous massive granitoids with slightly high A/CNK ratios of 1.00–1.31, δ18O values (8.85–11.75‰), and high Sr/Y ratios but low εHf(t) (–8.7∼+1.6) values. They may have originated from the mixed source of greywacke and metabasite, indicating a compressive tectonic setting. The Group 3 high-K calc–alkaline granitoids have high zircon temperatures (842–867 °C) and show the geochemical signatures of A-type granites. They are featured by slightly low whole-rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values, suggestive of the derivation from a metabasite–greywacke source in an extensional setting. In combination with other geochronological and geochemical data from Hainan Island, it is proposed that the Permian–Triassic igneous magmatism in Hainan Island reflects a continuous amalgamation process from back-arc consumption (272–252 Ma) to orogenic assembly (251–243 Ma) and orogenic collapse (242–225 Ma) between the South China and Indochina Blocks. Such a temporal–spatial pattern for the Hainan granitoids is consistent with that along the Truong Son, Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan–Song Ma tectonic zone, suggesting dominant control of Paleotethyan domain instead of Paleopacific tectonics.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Correlation of γ-radioactivity and Scanning Electron Microscopy in measurement of retention of 111Indium-labeled canine endothelial cells on synthetic vascular grafts

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
E.J. Prendiville ◽  
S. Laliberté Verdon ◽  
K. E. Gould ◽  
K. Ramberg ◽  
R. J. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Human Fibronectin ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Endothelial cell (EC) seeding is postulated as a mechanism of improving patency in small caliber vascular grafts. However the majority of seeded EC are lost within 24 hours of restoration of blood flow in previous canine studies . We postulate that the cells have insufficient time to fully develop their attachment to the graft surface prior to exposure to hemodynamic stress. We allowed EC to incubate on fibronectin-coated ePTFE grafts for four different time periods after seeding and measured EC retention after perfusion in a canine ex vivo shunt circuit.Autologous canine EC, were enzymatically harvested, grown to confluence, and labeled with 30 μCi 111 Indium-oxine/80 cm 2 flask. Four groups of 5 cm x 4 mm ID ePTFE vascular prostheses were coated with 1.5 μg/cm.2 human fibronectin, and seeded with 1.5 x 105 EC/ cm.2. After seeding grafts in Group 1 were incubated in complete growth medium for 90 minutes, Group 2 were incubated for 24 hours, Group 3 for 72 hours and Group 4 for 6 days. Grafts were then placed in the canine ex vivo circuit, constructed between femoral artery and vein, and subjected to blood flow of 75 ml per minute for 6 hours. Continuous counting of γ-activity was made possible by placing the seeded graft inside the γ-counter detection crystal for the duration of perfusion. EC retention data after 30 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours of flow are shown in the table.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document