scholarly journals Dermatitis artefacta

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Marie Isolde Joura ◽  
◽  
Kamilla Koszorú ◽  
Miklós Sárdy
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Dermatitis Artefacta

Dermatitis artefacta is a psychocutaneous illness that afects especially women, adolescents and patients with an underlying psychiatric illness or personality disorder (especially borderline), as well as patients with external stress. Patients infict injuries in various ways, most often mechanically. The clinical signs are characteristic and are usually combined with psychological disorders. In the diferential diagnosis organic causes of dermatitis must be ruled out. The therapy should be carried out by a psychodermatological team to treat both the skin lesions and the patient’s psyche. We report on a patient with dermatitis artefacta who produced skin lesions using dye-stuf because of psychological stress.

COVID-19 related Psychotic Disorder: Symptomatology in Infected and Uninfected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek MD Mohan ◽  
Durjoy MD Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Cerebral Infection

Introduction: Psychotic disorder has been rarely reported in patients with COVID-19 infection and also in patients affected by the pandemic but who do not have COVID-19 infection. It is unclear if the disorder occurs due to the stress of the pandemic or is due to a cerebral infection of the virus.Methods: on PubMed we searched for all reports of patients who developed a new psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic to review their symptomatology.Results: Psychotic symptoms were similar in onset, description, duration and severity in patients who had been infected and those who were affected by the pandemic but did not have the infection. In both groups, most patients were young, without previous psychiatric history, had experienced severe external stress due to the pandemic, had an abrupt onset of symptoms, had severe hallucinations and delusions and needed psychiatric hospitalization. The disorder commonly lasted about a week, after which anti-psychotic medications could be stopped.Conclusion: External psychological stress and not cerebral COVID-19 infection is the likely cause of psychotic disorder in both infected and uninfected patients. 

Some skin conditions in pigs: types, control and prevention

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
John Carr ◽  
Mark Howells ◽  
William Hersey
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Careful Clinical Examination ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Skin Conditions

Skin conditions in pigs are common problems presented to the veterinary surgeon. A careful clinical examination, especially considering the age of the pig and the distribution of the lesions, all aids making an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Pain management is essential in clinical management. Sarcoptic mange is a condition that can be eliminated from pigs and should be considered a welfare problem. Ear necrosis and trauma injuries can be particularly problematic and must be treated aggressively. African swine fever (ASF) presents with a range of clinical signs including skin lesions, and all veterinary surgeons must be able to put ASF as a differential where appropriate.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children, inmates of a small institution for homeless children in the capital of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wilson ◽  
Maria José Roncada ◽  
Rosa Nilda Mazzilli ◽  
Maria Lucia F. Cavalcanti ◽  
Dino B. G. Pattoli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Skinfold Measurement ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Nutritional surveys (food consumption, clinical and biochemichal) were conducted in a small institution for homeless children. Results showed that only 30% of the children presented adequate calorie intake. Most of the children presented adequate protein intake, but almost half consumed less than 2/3 of the calcium RDA considered necessary. Food handling, processing, and distribution also proved inadequate and wastage, high. Skinfold measurement showed up one case of obesity. Furthermore, most of the children presented clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, mostly skin lesions; while about half presented clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency. Biochemical data showed that 63.6% had deficient plasma levels of vitamin A, none showed abnormal results for riboflavin excretion, four showed packed blood cell volume below normal, and all had normal hemoglobin levels. Stool examinations revealed a high rate of pathogenic protozoa (Hymenolepis nana), in fact, one of the highest in Brazilian literature.

Topical treatment of multiple erosive, ulcerative skin lesions in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Teresa M. S. A. Boehm ◽  
Christoph J. Klinger ◽  
Christine Gohl ◽  
Maike Lücht ◽  
Katja N. Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Topical Product ◽  
Dermatological Examination ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy

AbstractA 30-year-old, intact female Indian rhinoceros (Rhinocerus unicornis) was presented with ongoing erosive, ulcerative skin lesions over a 4-year-period. The lesions appeared to be non-pruritic and non-seasonal. A systemic antibiotic therapy had been unsuccessful. The dermatological examination showed 8 diffusely demarcated areas of erosion, focal ulceration, mild crusting, and moderate erythema ranging from 8 to 20 cm in diameter, bilaterally on the lateral edges of the torso armor plates. The patient had no other clinical abnormalities. Coccoid and rod-shaped bacteria were identified on cytology and a bacterial culture revealed Escherichia coli spp., Staphylococcus dysgalacticae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Corynebacterium spp. and Micrococus spp. A topical product line containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts was administered daily, using a spot-on, spray and balm. Within 3 weeks a substantial alleviation of clinical signs was observed. Multiple impression smears of the lesions and a bacterial culture were negative by day 21. The patient achieved complete remission within 4 months of treatment and maintained remission for the 2-year observation period with continued use of the medication. Topically administered therapeutics containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts may offer a viable treatment option for recurrent cases of bacterial infectious skin lesions in Indian rhinocerotidae.

Common Therapeutic Issues and Patient Questions

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Technical Issues

This chapter reviews common therapeutic issues and various questions asked by patients during IPT. Common therapeutic issues include deciding whether a patient’s main problem is a psychiatric illness or a personality disorder, dealing effectively with passive or intellectualizing patients, keeping to the agreed-on focus and time limit of treatment, and making therapeutic use of silence in session. Technical issues such as rating scales and recording sessions are discussed, and IPT was contrasted with other types of psychotherapy such as CBT. Common patient questions include how IPT works, therapist credentials, lateness to sessions, family members attending treatment sessions, the genetic and biological basis of depression, the use of alcohol and drugs, recurrence of depression, and suicide. Some problems that are more often seen in primary care settings are also covered, such as depression manifesting through physical symptoms and poor adherence to treatment.

The psychiatric assessment of the medical patient

2020 ◽  
pp. 6447-6453
Author(s):  
Jane Walker ◽  
Roger Smyth ◽  
Michael Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Medical Patient ◽  
Psychiatric Assessment ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Medically Ill Patients

Medically ill patients often have psychiatric illness. Physicians can and should detect and diagnose these illnesses during their standard medical assessment. All that is required is knowledge of key questions to ask patients, awareness of the clinical signs that may be observed, and an appreciation of the value of additional information from relatives, other clinicians, and the medical record. The aims are to detect and diagnose psychiatric disorders; assess the risk of self-harm or harm to others; establish the need for treatment or referral for a psychiatric opinion; provide the basis for clear and effective communication with a psychiatrist; and to communicate to the patient that you are interested in all aspects of their suffering and thereby establish a clinically effective relationship with them.

scholarly journals First detection and molecular characterisation of pseudocowpox virus in a cattle herd in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Wakwamba Ziba ◽  
Chanda Chitala ◽  
Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli ◽  
Malama Mumba ◽  
Giovanni Cattoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
B2l Gene ◽  
Comparative Sequence ◽  
Pseudocowpox Virus ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract Background Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae causes pseudocowpox in cattle worldwide and presents a zoonotic concern. Most poxviruses produce diseases of similar clinical signs in affected animals, which are impossible to differentiate clinically or by serology. It is, therefore, vital to use molecular assays to rapidly identify the causative agents of poxvirus infections. This study aimed to detect, diagnose, and characterize the causative agent of pox-like skin lesions in a cattle herd in Zambia, initially suspected to be infected with Lumpy Skin Disease virus. Methods We used a High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis assay to detect the PCPV genome and sequenced the major envelope protein (B2L gene) for comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Results Our field investigations showed cattle presenting atypical skin lesions and high morbidity within the herd. The laboratory diagnosis, based on the HRM assay revealed PCPV DNA in the samples. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses confirmed PCPV in the samples and revealed genomic differences between samples collected in 2017 and 2018 from the same farm. Conclusion Our work is the first documented report of PCPV in Zambia. It shows the strength of molecular methods to diagnose pox-like infections in cattle and discriminate between diseases causing similar clinical signs. This rapid and accurate diagnosis improves the response time for more accurate veterinary interventions.

scholarly journals The occurrence of dermatosparaxis in a commercial Drakensberger cattle herd in South Africa : article

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Holm ◽  
E. Van Wilpe ◽  
C.K. Harper ◽  
N.M. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Loose Packing ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
Skin Abnormalities

Dermatosparaxis is a heritable collagen dysplasia causing skin extensibility and fragility. In Belgian Blue cattle this mutation has been described as a 3 base pair (bp) change followed by a 17 bp deletion in the gene coding for procollagen 1 N-Proteinase (pNPI). An outbreak in a commercial Drakensberger herd in South Africa followed the introduction in late 2000 of a 3-year-old bull that developed skin lesions in 2001 and was culled in 2002. Some of his offspring were similarly affected, 1 of which was kept as a breeding bull after his sire's death. Two affected calves were referred to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital in October 2005. Detailed examination revealed only skin abnormalities limited to the lateral extremities of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, viz. either acute lacerations of varying sizes, slow healing defects or thin scars in chronic cases. During a subsequent farm visit, 13 animals with similar wounds were seen in the herd of 146 animals. Electron microscopic examination of skin biopsies revealed haphazard arrangement and loose packing of dermal collagen fibrils within collagen fibres. The fibrils showed size variation and slightly irregular outlines on cross-section, consistent with mild dermatosparaxis. DNA samples of affected calves were analysed using primers designed to amplify the region of the pNPI gene that contained the mutation described in Belgian Blue cattle, but this mutation could not be demonstrated in any of the animals tested. It is concluded that a form of dermatosparaxis with a different gene mutation from that described in Belgian Blue cattle exists in Drakensberger cattle in South Africa. This possibly also explains the milder and more delayed clinical signs and the milder dermal collagen ultrastructural abnormalities.

scholarly journals Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181
Author(s):  
Alsi Dara Paryuni ◽  
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Dermatophytosis, a zoonotic disease, is caused by fungi of three main genera, namely, Micropsorum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Specific lesions of dermatophyte infections are localized in the face, legs, and/or tail. Skin lesions in infected animals demonstrate localized alopecia, erythema, and crust, which are more commonly known as ringworm. Factors that affect dermatophytosis include the dermatophyte species; virulence factors of the agent; and the immune status, age, and sex of the host. High levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been reported to play an important role in dermatophyte infection. This review aims to explore and understand factors that affect dermatophyte infection with an emphasis on the prevalence, clinical signs, pathogenesis, immune response, and the roles of cortisol and cytokines in companion animals infected by a dermatophyte.

scholarly journals Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane C. Pupin ◽  
Gleice K.A. Melo ◽  
Rubiane F. Heckler ◽  
Tatiane C. Faccin ◽  
Camila C.B.F. Ítavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltrate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Foamy Macrophages

Abstract: This study was designed to assess the influence of genetic resistance against brachiaria poisoning in sheep. Two groups of sheep, one identified as susceptible (formed by two ewes and one ram) and the other as resistant against brachiaria poisoning (formed by three ewes and one ram) were selected. Sheep considered susceptible were those that presented clinical signs of brachiaria poisoning at any time of their life; resistant sheep were those that even raised on Brachiaria spp. pastures, did not developed any sign of the poisoning during their life. The offspring of the two flocks (15 lambs from the sensitive flock and 9 lambs from the resistant flock) were placed into brachiaria pasture (initially Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha,and only B. decumbens after weaning) and followed up during two years (2013-2014). The determination of protodioscin levels in B. decumbens pasture was performed only in 2014 and revealed significant amounts of the toxic principle. Eleven lambs of the susceptible group were affected to some degree of brachiaria poisoning and six died; no lamb of the resistant group was affected. Clinical signs consisted of varying degrees of subcutaneous edema of the face and, erythema and loss of hair of the ears, crusts on the skin of ears, around the eyes and on planum nasale, scar deformation of the ears, and bilateral ocular discharge; affected lambs also sought for shadowy shelters and they were poor doers. Several sheep recovered from the condition and then relapsed. Necropsy findings in six lambs included pale mucous membranes, emaciation, dermatitis, scar deformation of the ears, large yellow livers with marked lobular pattern, and moderate infestation by Haemonchus contortus. Histologically the liver lesions were similar in all necropsied lambs but with varying degrees of severity; they were consistent with brachiaria poisoning and included architectural disruption of hepatocellular trabecula, clusters of foamy macrophages occasionally forming multinucleated giant cells, swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, crystals or negative images of crystals in the biliary system, bilestasis, bile duct proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in portal triads. The skin lesions were those of photodermatitis and included epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis and dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. The results of this study allow to conclude that there is a genetic related resistance to brachiaria poisoning in sheep since the progeny of resistant sheep did not manifest the poisoning. The use of resistant flocks in brachiaria pastures is suggested as a valuable option for the prevention of brachiaria poisoning in sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document