scholarly journals Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane C. Pupin ◽  
Gleice K.A. Melo ◽  
Rubiane F. Heckler ◽  
Tatiane C. Faccin ◽  
Camila C.B.F. Ítavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltrate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Foamy Macrophages

Abstract: This study was designed to assess the influence of genetic resistance against brachiaria poisoning in sheep. Two groups of sheep, one identified as susceptible (formed by two ewes and one ram) and the other as resistant against brachiaria poisoning (formed by three ewes and one ram) were selected. Sheep considered susceptible were those that presented clinical signs of brachiaria poisoning at any time of their life; resistant sheep were those that even raised on Brachiaria spp. pastures, did not developed any sign of the poisoning during their life. The offspring of the two flocks (15 lambs from the sensitive flock and 9 lambs from the resistant flock) were placed into brachiaria pasture (initially Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha,and only B. decumbens after weaning) and followed up during two years (2013-2014). The determination of protodioscin levels in B. decumbens pasture was performed only in 2014 and revealed significant amounts of the toxic principle. Eleven lambs of the susceptible group were affected to some degree of brachiaria poisoning and six died; no lamb of the resistant group was affected. Clinical signs consisted of varying degrees of subcutaneous edema of the face and, erythema and loss of hair of the ears, crusts on the skin of ears, around the eyes and on planum nasale, scar deformation of the ears, and bilateral ocular discharge; affected lambs also sought for shadowy shelters and they were poor doers. Several sheep recovered from the condition and then relapsed. Necropsy findings in six lambs included pale mucous membranes, emaciation, dermatitis, scar deformation of the ears, large yellow livers with marked lobular pattern, and moderate infestation by Haemonchus contortus. Histologically the liver lesions were similar in all necropsied lambs but with varying degrees of severity; they were consistent with brachiaria poisoning and included architectural disruption of hepatocellular trabecula, clusters of foamy macrophages occasionally forming multinucleated giant cells, swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, crystals or negative images of crystals in the biliary system, bilestasis, bile duct proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in portal triads. The skin lesions were those of photodermatitis and included epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis and dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. The results of this study allow to conclude that there is a genetic related resistance to brachiaria poisoning in sheep since the progeny of resistant sheep did not manifest the poisoning. The use of resistant flocks in brachiaria pastures is suggested as a valuable option for the prevention of brachiaria poisoning in sheep.

scholarly journals Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181
Author(s):  
Alsi Dara Paryuni ◽  
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Dermatophytosis, a zoonotic disease, is caused by fungi of three main genera, namely, Micropsorum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Specific lesions of dermatophyte infections are localized in the face, legs, and/or tail. Skin lesions in infected animals demonstrate localized alopecia, erythema, and crust, which are more commonly known as ringworm. Factors that affect dermatophytosis include the dermatophyte species; virulence factors of the agent; and the immune status, age, and sex of the host. High levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been reported to play an important role in dermatophyte infection. This review aims to explore and understand factors that affect dermatophyte infection with an emphasis on the prevalence, clinical signs, pathogenesis, immune response, and the roles of cortisol and cytokines in companion animals infected by a dermatophyte.

scholarly journals Epizootic Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Captive Slender-tailed Meerkats (Suricata suricatta)

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Juan-Sallés ◽  
N. Prats ◽  
S. López ◽  
M. Domingo ◽  
A. J. Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Suricata Suricatta ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Clinicopathologic Findings ◽  
Foamy Macrophages

Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in seven captive slender-tailed meerkats ( Suricata suricatta) according to clinicopathologic findings and immunohistochemistry. Five of nine meerkats died during an outbreak in late 1994. These included four kits (2.5 to 4.5 months old) and a 4-year-old meerkat. Two other meerkats, both adults, died in 1992 and 1995. Respiratory insufficiency (4/7) and incoordination (3/7) were the most consistent clinical signs, although two of seven meerkats died unexpectedly. At necropsy, the lungs were reddened and noncollapsed (6/7), and had multiple pale round foci (4/7). Yellow foci of necrosis in mesenteric lymph nodes (4/7), splenomegaly (3/7), and hydropericardium (3/7) were other common gross findings. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia was present in all seven meerkats, being acute to subacute in six of them. Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, aggregates of foamy macrophages, and giant cells were consistently seen. Multifocal to locally extensive necrosis of mesenteric lymph nodes (4/7), mild to severe multifocal necrotizing hepatitis (5/6), and mild nonsuppurative encephalitis (4/6) were also seen. Toxoplasma-like organisms were consistently associated with these lesions and were stained by the avidin biotin peroxidase procedure with an antiserum that does not cross-react with Neospora caninum. Meerkats were most likely infected after an oral, primary exposure to Toxoplasma. Several observations indicate that meerkats may be highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Terapi necrobiotic xanthogranuloma dengan siklofosfamid-metilprednisolon

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Bayu Lesmono ◽  
Yussy Afriani Dewi ◽  
Sinta Sari Ratunanda ◽  
Nur Akbar Aroeman
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Burning Pain ◽  
Patient Number ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Latar belakang: Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) merupakan suatu penyakit yang langka, kronis, dan progresif. NXG ditandai dengan lesi kulit ulseratif pada daerah indurasi, dan berwarna kuning, atau berupa nodul yang mengenai sel histiosit non Langerhans. Daerah predileksi tersering ialah pada wajah, orbita, dan ekstremitas. Etiologi belum diketahui, tetapi sering dikaitkan dengan monoclonal gammopathy. Gambaran histopatologi NXG yaitu ditemukan makrofag dan terdapat sel busa pada dermis, jaringan subkutan, nekrobiosis luas, sel datia Touton, dan folikel limfoid. Penderita memiliki lesi yang bersifat asimtomatik, parestesi, rasa terbakar, dan terkadang timbul rasa nyeri. Tata laksana NXG sampai saat ini masih sangat bervariasi. Tujuan: Memaparkan hasil penatalaksanaan dua pasien NXG. Laporan kasus: Dilaporkan pasien pertama, laki-laki 44 tahun dengan lesi pada kedua pipi dan dahi sejak 5 bulan sebelumnya. Terapi diberikan metilprednisolon dengan dosis 0,8 mg/kgBB tappering off selama 1 bulan dengan hasil perbaikan. Pasien kedua, wanita 29 tahun dengan lesi pada kedua pipi dan telinga sejak 5 bulan sebelumnya. Terapi diberikan siklofosfamid 750 mg/m2 per 3 minggu dengan hasil membaik. Metode: Pencarian dilakukan melalui PubMed dan Dermatol. Setelah menyaring judul dan abstrak yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan lima artikel utuh. Kemudian, tiga artikel terpilih untuk ditelaah secara konsensus, meliputi kesahihan (validity), kepentingan (importancy), dan aplikabilitas (applicability) pada pasien necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Hasil: Telaah artikel-artikel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semua artikel memiliki karakteristik yang serupa dalam hal kesahihan (validity), hasil atau kesimpulannya. Walau demikian, ada beberapa kekuatan dan kelemahan pada masing-masing artikel. Kesimpulan: Penatalaksanaan NXG masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang banyak untuk mengetahui keefektifitasan penatalaksanaan NXG.Kata kunci: Siklofosfamid, metilprednisolon, necrobiotic xanthogranulomaABSTRACT Background: Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare, chronic, and progressive disease that provokes skin lesions, such as damage of the histiocytes of non-Langerhans cell, skin lesions (yellowish or noduled ulcerative lesions) in the induration skin. The most common predilection areas of this are on the face, orbital, and extremities. The etiology is still unknown, but sometimes associates with monoclonal gammopathy. NXG histopathologic contained macrophages and foam cells in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, extensive necrobiosis, touton giant cells, and lymphoid follicles. Some patients who had lesions are asymptomatic, sometimes they will feel paresthesias, burning pain. Nowadays, this management is still vary widely. Objective: Sets forth the results of two patients NXG. Case: There were two patients. Patient number one, a 44-years-old man, with some lesions on both cheeks and forehead since 5 months ago. He was treated with methylprednisolon 0.8 mg/kg body weight, and tappered off for a month with improved results. Patient number two, a 29-years-old woman, with some lesions on both cheeks and ears since 5 months ago. She was treated with Cyclosphosphamide 750 mg/m2 with improved results within three weeks. Method: Searching for literature was conducted in PubMed and Dermatol. After screening titles and abstracts with inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were available as full texts. Three articles were selected to be reviewed for their validity, importancy and applicability in patient with necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Results: The review showed that all those articles had a similar characteristic in validity, result, and conclusion. Nevertheless, each articles had its own strong points and weaknesses. Conclusion: NXG treatment still required further research by the number of samples that much to find out the efficiency management NXG.Keywords: Cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolon, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma

scholarly journals Traversing the Spectrum of Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Features of Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blythe N. Ke ◽  
Erika Belinda T. Chen ◽  
Kevin Jer V. David ◽  
Sarah Faye V. Obbus ◽  
Val Constantine S. Cua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Skin Nodule ◽  
Rosai Dorfman Disease ◽  
The Face

Introduction. Non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses (non-LCH) are a group of rare diseases with varied clinical manifestations and overlapping features seen among the subtypes. Here, we present a case of Rosai-Dorfman disease with features of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Case. A 45-year-old female presented with a 10-year history of an enlarging neck mass with normal overlying skin accompanied by dysphagia and multiple asymptomatic pink to yellowish-brown papules, nodules, and plaques on the face, trunk and extremities. Biopsies of a skin nodule and plaque revealed granulomatous dermal infiltrates (lymphocytes, foamy histiocytes, and Touton giant cells), emperipolesis and areas of necrosis. CD1A and Fite-Faraco staining showed negative results while CD68 and S100 positively stained the tissues of interest. Histopathology of the neck mass paralleled these findings in addition to being negative for lymphoid markers. Patient had monoclonal gammopathy and thyromegaly with enlarged cervical lymph nodes on further tests and imaging. Intralesional and systemic steroids were given which led to flattening of skin lesions and improvement in dysphagia, respectively. Conclusion. Diagnosis and classification of a particular type of non-LCH may be difficult due to similarities across its subtypes. Hence, it is our belief that these diseases may occur on a spectrum. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach for the best possible care.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of bovine herpesvirus 2 infections in calves causing ear and facial skin lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane T. Negrão Watanabe ◽  
Robert B. Moeller ◽  
Beate M. Crossley ◽  
Patricia C. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

We describe 3 outbreaks of superficial dermatitis caused by bovine herpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2) in dairy breed calves. Clinically, all of the affected calves were 12–26 d of age, had alopecia and crusts on the face and ears, and were non-pruritic and afebrile. Affected animals recovered spontaneously without any treatment within 2–4 wk after onset of clinical signs based on 1 herd with follow up. Histologic examination of all skin crust or tissue samples identified neutrophilic inflammation, mild hyperkeratosis, multinucleate syncytial cells, and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the syncytial cells. Real-time PCR testing on affected surface crusts or tissue provided evidence of BoHV-2, and testing, where performed, was negative for parapoxvirus including bovine papular stomatitis virus and the ovine form of malignant catarrhal fever tested in EDTA blood samples. Bovine viral diarrhea virus also was negative by ELISA, as well as bovine herpesvirus 1 by immunohistochemistry. Direct electron microscopy of infected tissues in the first outbreak revealed herpesvirus-like particles.

scholarly journals Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in a horse in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio João Mourão Laisse ◽  
Lismara Castro do Nascimento ◽  
Welden Panziera ◽  
Elizabeth Caldas Soares ◽  
Denise Bicca Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Reflux

ABSTRACT: Equine multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) is a rare disease, characterized by eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of several organs. A 5-year-old horse presented pruritus, areas of alopecia, and moderate eosinophilia. The horse was treated with corticosteroids and antibiotics without substantial improvement; and after the disease progressed to fever, diarrhea, gastric reflux and progressive weight loss. Due to poor prognosis the horse was euthanized. Necropsy revealed poor body condition, multiple to coalescing foci of alopecia, with epidermal ulcerations and crusts on the head and distal parts of the limbs. The proximal duodenum was enlarged, with 3 intraluminal nodules. Histopathological evaluation revealed eosinophilic granulomas in the skin, oral mucosa, duodenum, pancreas, and mesenteric lymph nodes, which were associated with infiltrates of eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and occasional plasma cells, along with fibrovascular connective tissue proliferation. MEED should be included in the differential diagnosis of horses with skin lesions concomitant with clinical signs of gastrointestinal illness.

scholarly journals Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Gornatti-Churria ◽  
Manuela Crispo ◽  
H. L. Shivaprasad ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Causative Agents

Gangrenous dermatitis (GD) is a disease of chickens and turkeys that causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens type A, and occasionally Clostridium sordellii are considered the main causes of GD, although Staphylococcus aureus and other aerobic bacteria may also be involved in some cases of the disease. GD has become one of the most significant diseases of commercial turkeys in the United States. Several infectious and/or environmental immunosuppressive factors can predispose to GD. Skin lesions are considered to be the main portal of entry of the microorganism(s) involved. GD is characterized by acute onset of mortality associated with gross skin and subcutaneous tissue lesions consisting of variable amounts of serosanguineous exudate together with emphysema and hemorrhages. The underlying skeletal muscle can also be involved. Ulceration of the epidermis may be also noticed in cases complicated with S. aureus. Microscopically, necrosis of the epidermis and dermis, and subcutaneous edema and emphysema are commonly observed. Gram-positive rods can be identified within the subcutis and skeletal muscles, usually associated with minimal inflammatory infiltrate. A presumptive diagnosis of GD can be made based on history, clinical signs, and gross anatomic and microscopic lesions. However, confirmation should be based on demonstration of the causative agents by culture, PCR, immunohistochemistry, and/or fluorescent antibody tests.

scholarly journals On Using a Mobile Application to Support Teledermatology: A Case Study in an Underprivileged Area in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Sáenz ◽  
Mónica Paola Novoa ◽  
Darío Correal ◽  
Bell Raj Eapen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
The Face

Background. The use of mobile applications in dermatology to support remote diagnosis is gaining acceptance, particularly in rural areas, where dermatology services are commonly managed by healthcare personnel with no specialty training. Moreover, ontologies—sets of concepts that represent knowledge in a given domain—are increasingly being used to support medical diagnosis. A specific case is ONTODerm: an ontology to aid dermatological diagnosis. However, there is little information on the combined use of mobile applications and ontologies as support solutions in dermatology. Objective. Assessing the reliability of ONTODerm as a tool to support remote dermatological diagnosis when used together with a mobile dermatological application in underprivileged areas. Methods. A mobile application that allows characterization of skin lesions was developed, and the information about the lesions was sent to ONTODerm. An exploratory study was conducted in a remote area without access to a dermatologist. A total of 64 dermatological queries were recorded in the application and consulted with ONTODerm. Later, an experienced dermatologist evaluated the characterization and diagnosis of each query to determine the accuracy of the system. Results. The results showed that the probability of obtaining a correct diagnosis was between 64.4% and 85.6% with a confidence interval of 95%. A higher accuracy rate was obtained when the skin lesion occurred on the face or when its border was categorized as poorly demarcated. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the implementation of a teledermatology strategy based on mobile applications and domain ontology-driven knowledge base to provide timely assistance to healthcare professionals. This approach was found to be pertinent in the Colombian rural context, particularly in forest regions, where dermatology specialists are not available. The results of this article do not represent a final validation of the proposed approach; they suggest how the ontology can be improved to effectively support medical staff in marginalized regions.

NONTUBERCULOUS ACID-FAST BACILLI IN CERVICAL ADENITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697
Author(s):  
Haddow M. Keith ◽  
Lyle A. Weed ◽  
Gerald M. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Bona Fide

THE TUBERCLE bacillus is the most common cause of lymphadenitis with caseous necrosis. Such a condition in the cervical region, while less frequent than in previous decades, still occurs occasionally. While other agents, for example, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Brucella, Pasteurella and Miyagawanella, are known to produce a similar histopathologic reaction, they are not commonly associated with lesions in the cervical lymph nodes, especially in children. Therefore the finding of acid-fast bacilli in such lesions has generally been considered bona fide evidence of tuberculosis, although previous reports from this clinic indicate that such is not necessarily true. It is recognized that there are other acid-fast bacilli, such as the lepra and smegma bacilli, which may or may not cause disease. In 1944 Gellerstedt reported seven cases of tuberculoid skin lesions due to atypical acid-fast bacilli. He considered these to be due to exogenous infection with acid-fast bacilli differing from the organisms found in tuberculosis, and he considered them as possibly saprophytic organisms. In 1948 MacCallum and co-workers reported six cases of skin lesions due to acid-fast organisms that were not Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The lesions did not contain tubercle follicles, giant cells or caseous material. The name "Mycobacterium ulcerans" was applied to these organisms by Australian workers. In 1954 Linnell and Nordén described skin lesions that occurred in 80 boys and girls who used a certain swimming pool in a Swedish town. The etiologic organisms were acid fast, differed from those described by MacCallum and associates and were not lepra bacilli. Guinea pigs injected with these organisms presented no evidence of lesions after 7 weeks.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with radiological abnormalities of the chest

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e243715
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Zaizen ◽  
Masaki Tominaga ◽  
Shuji Nagata ◽  
Tomoaki Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Foamy Macrophages ◽  
Multinucleate Giant Cells

A 55-year-old man with mental retardation and calcaneal tendon thickening was referred for a suspected genetic disease. His serum cholestanol was elevated and genetic analysis of his blood cells for CYP27A1 revealed a homozygous missense mutation. We diagnosed him with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). Chest radiography revealed diffuse micronodular and reticular opacities. Histological findings obtained from the transbronchial lung biopsy revealed foamy macrophages and multinucleate giant cells with marked lipid crystal clefts. Although there are few reports of pulmonary lesions in CTX, we concluded from the radiological and histopathological findings that the pulmonary lesions were indeed caused by the CTX. The patient was treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. His neurological findings and calcaneal tendon thickening were unchanged; however, his serum cholestanol and radiological abnormalities of the chest decreased.

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