Topical treatment of multiple erosive, ulcerative skin lesions in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Teresa M. S. A. Boehm ◽  
Christoph J. Klinger ◽  
Christine Gohl ◽  
Maike Lücht ◽  
Katja N. Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Topical Product ◽  
Dermatological Examination ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy

AbstractA 30-year-old, intact female Indian rhinoceros (Rhinocerus unicornis) was presented with ongoing erosive, ulcerative skin lesions over a 4-year-period. The lesions appeared to be non-pruritic and non-seasonal. A systemic antibiotic therapy had been unsuccessful. The dermatological examination showed 8 diffusely demarcated areas of erosion, focal ulceration, mild crusting, and moderate erythema ranging from 8 to 20 cm in diameter, bilaterally on the lateral edges of the torso armor plates. The patient had no other clinical abnormalities. Coccoid and rod-shaped bacteria were identified on cytology and a bacterial culture revealed Escherichia coli spp., Staphylococcus dysgalacticae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Corynebacterium spp. and Micrococus spp. A topical product line containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts was administered daily, using a spot-on, spray and balm. Within 3 weeks a substantial alleviation of clinical signs was observed. Multiple impression smears of the lesions and a bacterial culture were negative by day 21. The patient achieved complete remission within 4 months of treatment and maintained remission for the 2-year observation period with continued use of the medication. Topically administered therapeutics containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts may offer a viable treatment option for recurrent cases of bacterial infectious skin lesions in Indian rhinocerotidae.

Inunction and disease prevention

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

Burr and Burr1 showed that animals cannot survive without dietary fat. Supplementing a fat-free diet with certain fatty acids termed essential prevents the symptoms of fat deficiency. Essential fatty acids consist mainly of linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3), arachidonic (20:4), and probably 20:5 and 22:6 acids. Deficiency results in changes of cellular and cellular membrane permeability. Essential fatty acids are found in high concentration in phospholipids and in the lipoprotein complexes. Mitachondrial fractions are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple enzyme activities are altered in their absence. Deficiency symptoms arise most rapidly in those animals undergoing rapid growth. Clinical signs of dietary deficiency in humans has been limited largely to young rapidly growing infants.

scholarly journals Canine atopic dermatitis (atopy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
M. N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ. Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
A. F. KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Canine atopic dermatitis is a common clinical entity, characterized by pruritus due to sensitization against common enviromental allergens. It has been proven that there is strong breed predisposition. Genetically programmed dogs overproduct reaginic antibodies (IgE and/or IgGd) after their exposure to airborne allergens (dust mites, epithelia, pollens and molds) which consequently fix themselves to the mast cells of the skin. After reexposure to the same allergens these cells degranulate, with subsequent release of many pharmacologically active substances (histamine, leucotrienes, Prostaglandines etc). However, this is a rather simplistic explanation; the true pathogenesis of atopy is more complicated and still not well understood. Clinical signs first appear between 6 months and 3 years of age. Pruritus, the mainstay of atopy, can be seasonal or perennial. Skin lesions, appearing in later, are attributed to pruritus and/or to secondary complications (staphylococcal pyoderma, seborrhea, dry skin, Malassezia dermatitis). The diagnosis, based on history and clinical findings, necessitates exclusion of other pruritic skin diseases and identification of the offending allergens by using the intradermal test and/or serology (ELISA, RAST). The latter method is diagnostically inferior to intradermal skin test due to the high rate of false positive reactions. Therapeutic options include avoidance of the allergens responsible for sensitization, systemic therapy with glucocorticoids, antihistamines and essential fatty acids in various combinations, topical antipruritic therapy, hyposensitization which is the best therapeutical modality for the perennial form of the disease and management of secondary complications as well as of other concurrent allergic skin diseases, such as food and flea allergy.

Clinical effects of 2 commercially available diets on canine atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (04) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Teresa M. S. A. Boehm ◽  
Christoph J. Klinger ◽  
Laura Udraite-Vovk ◽  
Christelle Navarro ◽  
Ralf S. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Objective Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common skin disease in dogs. Prior studies were able to determine beneficial effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) on the clinical signs of CAD. The aim of this study was set to evaluate the effects of a newly designed, EFA-enriched diet on the clinical signs of CAD compared to another EFA-enriched diet. Materials and methods In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 31 privately owned dogs with atopic dermatitis received either the control diet (diet A, Hill’s Prescription Diet™ d/d™ Salmon & Rice, n = 17) or the test diet (diet B, Veterinary HPM™ Dermatology Support D1, Virbac, n = 14) for 12 weeks. At the beginning of the study as well as after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, skin lesions and pruritus were evaluated via validated scores and the administered medication was documented. At the same time, the dogs’ coat quality was evaluated via a distinct scoring system. In both groups, a total of 7 dogs each completed the entire study. Results After 12 weeks, there was a mild improvement in lesion scores, pruritus and coat quality with both diets. Clinical relevance In this study, both diets improved the patients’ skin lesions pruritus and coat quality.

Neonatal nutritional strategy of a viviparous elasmobranch with extremely low reproductive output

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Rangel ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
Y Niella ◽  
LA Martinelli ◽  
AD Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Biomarker Analysis

Throughout evolutionary history, elasmobranchs have developed diverse reproductive strategies. Little focused work, however, has addressed how neonatal nutritional state is affected by differing degrees of maternal investment associated with these markedly different reproductive strategies. To investigate the effect of maternal investment on the nutritional quality of pups during the early life history of an extremely viviparous elasmobranch, quantitative biomarker analysis including lipids, fatty acids and stable isotopes was conducted. Using the cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (histotrophic viviparous) as a model, we found that pups were initially born in a positive nutritional state, enriched in physiologically important essential fatty acids and nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C), a result of maternal intrauterine transfer. A systematic decrease in some fatty acids and δ15N values, as well as a decrease in cholesterol with growth, confirmed that these substrates were derived from maternal resources and used in initial metabolic processes following birth. An observed increase in condition factor, plasma essential fatty acids and triglyceride:cholesterol ratio with increasing body size identified a progression towards successful independent foraging with pups not displaying marked nutritional deficiency or fasting phases. Our multi-tracer approach allowed the identification of 2 size classes of young rays (<50 and <70 cm disc width) that displayed distinct physiological states. Since prenatal maternal investment is critical for offspring condition and to promote successful foraging post birth, understanding the trophic ecology and physiological state of pups during their first year is critical to guide management and conservation within nursery grounds.

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