scholarly journals La prévention juridique

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-459
Author(s):  
Claude Roussin
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Standard Contract ◽  
Major Stage ◽  
Preventive Law

In recent years, the practice of law has come under renewed criticism as to the objectives it pursues. Out of this debate grew the concept of preventive law. This paper seeks to explain the meaning of preventive law and demonstrate its relevance for the legal system of Québec, by outlining its main features, its peculiar methods and a strategy for its implementation. Preventive law can be most clearly distinguished from the traditional practice of law by a shift in priorities away from litigation to the maximization of certainty as to one's rights and duties. This new approach involves reform-mindedness, sensitivity to the citizen's needs and an offensive rather than defensive outlook. The typical preventive-law method is the annual check-up of the citizen's « legal health ». This requires the devising of checklists through which the safety of legal transactions may be ascertained. Other preventive-law methods include standard contract forms and legal self-aid kits. The implementation of a preventive-law approach should involve three centres of responsibility. The lawyer's office would of course remain the major stage on which the practice of law is carried out. But the focal point for initiating and developing preventive-law methods must be located elsewhere. In the Quebec context, the Société québécoise d'information juridique, being already active in the field of legal information, seems naturally suited to the task. In the short term, however, law schools must provide the initial impetus towards a policy of legal prevention.

Sequential Optimization of an Emergency Response Vehicle’s Intra-Link Movement in a Partially Connected Vehicle Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110179
Author(s):  
Gaby Joe Hannoun ◽  
Pamela Murray-Tuite ◽  
Kevin Heaslip ◽  
Thidapat Chantem
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Approach

This paper introduces a semi-automated system that facilitates emergency response vehicle (ERV) movement through a transportation link by providing instructions to downstream non-ERVs. The proposed system adapts to information from non-ERVs that are nearby and downstream of the ERV. As the ERV passes stopped non-ERVs, new non-ERVs are considered. The proposed system sequentially executes integer linear programs (ILPs) on transportation link segments with information transferred between optimizations to ensure ERV movement continuity. This paper extends a previously developed mathematical program that was limited to a single short segment. The new approach limits runtime overhead without sacrificing effectiveness and is more suitable to dynamic systems. It also accommodates partial market penetration of connected vehicles using a heuristic reservation approach, making the proposed system beneficial in the short-term future. The proposed system can also assign the ERV to a specific lateral position at the end of the link, a useful capability when next entering an intersection. Experiments were conducted to develop recommendations to reduce computation times without compromising efficiency. When compared with the current practice of moving to the nearest edge, the system reduces ERV travel time an average of 3.26 s per 0.1 mi and decreases vehicle interactions.

scholarly journals The Birth of the Soviet School of European Integration Studies. Part 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Yuri Borko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Custom Union ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Integration Problems

The first part of the article shows that in the mid-1960s some Soviet researchers of the European integration problems concluded that integration did not correspond to the Leninist-Stalinist theory of the general crisis of capitalism. On the contrary, it corresponded to some Western concepts of the custom union, the common market, and economic integration. A new approach to the European integration studies was offered by the Institute of World Economy and International Relation (IMEMO), established in 1956. For many decades IMEMO was serving as the focal point for the European integration studies, and was providing the Soviet leadership with analytical information. The number of inquiries from authorities increased significantly. Firstly, it can be explained by the achievements of integration. Secondly, it was due to the growth of economic cooperation between the USSR and the EEC. Thirdly, Moscow defined new foreign policy priorities towards Western countries including Europe. There were two turning-points of bilateral relations: with France – in 1966, and with Germany – in 1969. The Organization for security and cooperation in Europe (OSCE) was established during final session of the top-level Conference of European States in Helsinki in August 1975. Fourthly, experience of the EEC was relevant for the COMECON

“The Death of Liberal Internationalism?: Donald Trump, Walmart, and the Two Koreas”

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-197
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Liberal Internationalism ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Short Time

The election of Donald J. Trump unsettled many areas of U.S. foreign policy, but few more than the nation’s relationship with Korea. This article argues that the Trump administration’s vision for the world represents a stark break from the tradition of liberal internationalism and instead seeks to take the United States down a path that reflects the modern business practices of giant American corporations. A suitable label for this vision, as the following pages will show, is “Walmart unilateralism.” This framework abandons the traditional American policies of nation building and alliances based on shared ideological values. Instead, it embraces a more short-term approach rooted in financial bottom lines, flexible alliances and rivalries, and the ruthless exploitation of power hierarchies. This new approach, this article concludes, may dramatically transform the American relationship with Korea. Walmart unilateralism in Korea almost certainly will have some short-time positive ramifications for the United States, but its larger failure to consider the history and values of the people living on the Korean Peninsula may generate serious long-term problems for the future experience of the United States in the region.

Legal information acquisition by the public : an exploratory study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sheila O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
The Public

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This exploratory study applied models of human information behavior and health information acquisition to the acquisition of legal information by the public. A mixed methods approach, consisting of two sequential phases, was utilized. First, an online survey consisting of 45 multiple-choice questions was administered to a Qualtrics panel of 385 individuals without formal legal training who were at least 18 years of age. In the second phase, eleven individuals who met the same screening criteria were interviewed in order to provide additional elaboration upon and clarification of the survey data. In phase 1, frequency of legal information searching and incidental discovery of legal information (information encountering, or IE) was assessed for relationships with personal, affective, contextual, and environmental factors. Findings indicate that individuals who search and encounter legal information more frequently share certain demographic and affective characteristics with their counterparts in the acquisition of health information. Age, income, and previous experience with the legal system were associated with greater legal search frequency. Age, race, and previous experience with the legal system were associated with greater frequency of legal IE. Self-efficacy and vigilance were both associated with frequency of search and IE, though perception of the legal system was not. Subjects searched and encountered more frequently because of curiosity than other situational factors. The role of risk in search and encounter frequency could not be determined. Both exposure to multiple information sources and to multiple mass media sources were associated with greater frequency of legal search and IE. In phase 2, subjects were asked about their searches and IE experiences with legal information, and the role of legal information in their everyday lives, especially as compared to health information acquisition. Findings indicate that members of the public define legal information quite narrowly as tied to lawyers and courts, rather than rights and duties (even provided with a more inclusive definition), and often fail to relate routine encounters with the law to their larger understanding of the legal system. Survey findings were corroborated in terms of source choices, the roles of previous experience, self-efficacy, and avoidance-vigilance. The increased availability of legal information sources through the internet has made it easier for people to find codes and regulations, but has not made it easier to find the information necessary to assess more complex legal issues. Other emergent themes identified in phase 2 included the detrimental effect of attorney advertising and the perception of legal information as disruptive, in contrast to the embeddedness of health information in everyday life.

New approach to the treatment of hypercalcemia The effect of short-term treatment with mithramycin

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Slayton ◽  
Bruce I. Shnider ◽  
Elias Elias ◽  
John Horton ◽  
Charles P. Perlia
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
New Approach

A Legal Information Service for Practitioners

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
The Law ◽  
Training Company ◽  
And Training

I am now going to transfer you rapidly from the global information service to a locally targeted and focused legal information service designed to meet the particular needs of a small jurisdiction like Northern Ireland.SLS Legal Publications was established in 1980 as a unique and profoundly innovative experiment in Northern Ireland (N.I.). Its continued existence 20 years later is testament to the fact that it has not only become a success story but is now an integral part of the legal system in Northern Ireland. SLS Legal Publications is a legal publishing and training company based within the Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) and sponsored by the NICS, the Law Society of N.I. and the Bar Council of N.I. QUB's sponsorship takes the form of the provision of accommodation and accounting services. The purpose of SLS is to provide a legal information service in various ways to the Northern Ireland legal profession and the wider community and I will expand on those various ways later in this talk.

scholarly journals Long-Term Strategies in Japanese Environmental Litigation

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 605-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Kidder ◽  
Setsuo Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Many

Japan's reputation for unusually strong emphasis on the avoidance of public conflict and therefore for deemphasis of legal institutions suggests an arid, hostile environment for litigators, especially those who lack substantial resources. In a study of a quasi-class action lawsuit by Japanese air pollution victims, we find that litigation can be developed as a tool in the pursuit of a social movement's wider objectives despite the paucity of resources within the Japanese legal system. Our research documents the many ways in which the delays, obstacles, and costs that characterize the litigation environment in Japan have been either neutralized or turned to the advantage of a social movement because of its commitment to longer-term political objectives rather than short-term victories. The special role of professions in general, and the legal profession in particular, in such litigation combines with class-oriented social movements to produce a political/legal pattern that is neither traditionally harmonious nor a conflict “difficult to contain.”

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