scholarly journals Des acteurs étatiques : Léviathan en Amérique

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Zylberberg

This paper deals with the internal dynamics of the Latin American States. Having identified the demographic changes - urbanization, rejuvenating process, widespread education — the author introduces the social changes which have caused the spreading to the masses, to social segmentation and individualization. This is followed by a study of the ideologies which relate the social orientations of the individuals or segmented groups with the overall representations which value authoritarianism, populism, nationalism and state socialism. The analysis of authoritarian ideologies, of social individualism, and of the fragmentized political rivalries validates the internal hypothesis according to which the state actors of Latin America operate with considerable autonomy on the international scène as compared to the other actors.

Author(s):  
Pablo Palomino

This chapter shows the emergence of a regional sense of Latin America as part of the musical pedagogy of the nationalist states at the peak of the state-building efforts to organize, through a variety of instruments of cultural activism, what at the time were called “the masses.” It analyzes particularly the cases of Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina—the three largest countries of the time in population and economic development—from the 1910s through the 1950s. It proposes a comparative history of Latin American musical populisms, focusing in particular on policies of music education, broadcasting, censorship, and experiences of state-sponsored collective singing.


1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Klein

In Latin America in the twentieth century, nation after nation has revised its concepts of constitutional law to take into account the whole new realm of state responsibility for the economic and social welfare of its citizens. Beginning most dramatically with the Mexican Constitution of 1917, Latin American states have written into their constitutional charters detailed chapters on the social responsibility of capital, the economic rights of the worker, and the state responsibility for the protection and security of the family and for the physical and mental welfare of all its citizens and classes. In rewriting their national constitutions, the Latin Americans have deliberately broken with the classic liberal constitutionalism of the nineteenth century and adopted what some have called a “social constitutionalist” position.


Caderno CRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (84) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Maíra Machado Bichir

<p><span>No presente artigo, lançamos nosso olhar para uma temática de especial relevância para o contexto político atual latino-americano – o Estado. Ao revisitar os escritos de Ruy Mauro Marini, uma das principais referências da Teoria Marxista da Dependência, chamamos atenção para suas formulações em torno dos Estados latino-americanos, sobretudo no que se refere a seu caráter dependente, tema ainda pouco trabalhado nos estudos recentes de recuperação de sua obra. Nesse sentido, iniciamos nosso percurso tecendo algumas considerações sobre a concepção de Estado de Marini, salientando sua filiação à tradição teórica marxista, avançando, em seguida, para suas elaborações sobre as particularidades do Estado capitalista dependente latino-americano propriamente, centrando-nos, sobretudo, em dois temas que representam, em nossa perspectiva, dois importantes aportes de Marini à análise dos Estados latino-americanos: suas formulações em torno do subimperialismo e do Estado de contrainsurgência.</span></p><div><p class="trans-title">CONTRIBUTIONS OF RUY MAURO MARINI TO THE DEBATE ON THE STATE IN DEPENDENT COUNTRIES</p><p>In this article, we look at a theme of special relevance to the current Latin American political context, the State. Revisiting Ruy Mauro Marini’s writings, one of the main references to the Marxist Theory of Dependence, we pretend to highlight its formulations on the Latin American States, especially on their dependent nature, which, we argue, is a subject loosely studied by the recent recoveries of his work. So, this article began with important considerations about Marini’s conception of the State, emphasizing its affiliation to the Marxist theoretical tradition. Further, the study focus on the particularities of the Latin American dependent capitalist State, with special attention on two themes that represent, in our view, two important contributions of Marini to the analysis of the Latin American States, which are: his formulations on sub-imperialism and the State of counter-insurgency.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>State; Dependency; Latin America; Politics; Marxist theory of dependency</p></div><div><p class="trans-title">CONTRIBUTIONS DE RUY MAURO MARINI AU DEBAT SUR L’ÉTAT DANS LES PAYS DEPENDANTS</p><p>Dans cet article, nous examinons un thème particulièrement pertinent pour le contexte politique latino-américain actuel, l’État. Pour revenir sur les écrits de Ruy Mauro Marini, l’une des principales références de la Théorie Marxiste de la Dépendance, nous appelons l’attention sur ses formulations autour des États latino-américains, en particulier en ce qui concerne le caractère dépendant de ces États, thème encore peu exploité dans les études récentes de récupération de son travail. En ce sens, nous avons commencé notre chemin à tisser quelques considérations sur la conception de l’État de Marini, surlignant son appartenance à la tradition théorique marxiste, passant ensuite à ses élaborations sur les particularités de l’État capitaliste dépendant de l’Amérique latine spécifiquement, en se concentrant principalement sur deux thèmes qui représentent, sous notre perspective, deux contributions importantes de Marini à l’analyse des États latino-américains, ses formulations autour du sous-impérialisme et de l’État de la contre-insurrection.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>État; Dépendance; Amérique latine; Politique; Théorie marxiste de la dependance</p></div>


Author(s):  
Mario Peters

Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.


Author(s):  
Esteban Torres ◽  
Carina Borrastero

This article analyzes how the research on the relation between capitalism and the state in Latin America has developed from the 1950s up to the present. It starts from the premise that knowledge of this relation in sociology and other social sciences in Latin America has been taking shape through the disputes that have opposed three intellectual standpoints: autonomist, denialist, and North-centric. It analyzes how these standpoints envision the relationship between economy and politics and how they conceptualize three regionally and globally growing trends: the concentration of power, social inequality, and environmental depletion. It concludes with a series of challenges aimed at restoring the theoretical and political potency of the autonomist program in Latin American sociology.


2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199451
Author(s):  
Adrian Scribano

The social sciences in Latin America have always had a special connection with the study and analysis of the place of emotions in the social structuration processes. The aim of this article is to offer a synthetic exposition of some inquiries about emotions and the politics of sensibilities in Latin America, emphasizing those that are being felt in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this objective, first we offer a synthesis of the theoretical and methodological points that will guide the interpretation; then we draw on pre-existing inquiries and surveys which allow us to capture the state of sensibilities before and during the pandemic in the region; and finally some conclusions are presented. The work is based on a multi-method approach, where qualitative and quantitative secondary and primary data are articulated in tandem.


Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-431
Author(s):  
Irena Petrović ◽  
Marija Radoman

AbstractThe authors analyze the changes in value patterns—patriarchy, authoritarianism and nationalism—in Serbia in the context of the social changes that have marked the postsocialist transformation period. They focus on the extent and intensity of two sub-patterns within each of these three basic value patterns: private and public patriarchy, general and specific authoritarianism, organic (natural) and ethnic nationalism. The conclusions about changes in these value patterns are drawn on the basis of three empirical studies conducted in 2003, 2012, and 2018. They show the prevalence of private patriarchy, general authoritarianism, and organic (natural) nationalism over their counterparts. Private patriarchy has weakened, which is largely to be explained by the significant structural changes in Serbia. On the other hand, support of general authoritarianism and organic (natural) nationalism has been on the rise, which clearly mirrors the unfavorable economic and political situation in the country.


Author(s):  
José Luis Coraggio

In this chapter the Social and Solidarity Economy is presented both as an alternative theory and a counterhegemonic program of political action that challenges the tenets of the market economy of neoliberal doctrine. The proposal is framed within a substantive economy approach based on the works of Marx and Polanyi. The categories of a substantive economic analysis regarding ethical and specifically economic principles and institutions are outlined. Recent advances in the line of a Social and Solidarity Economy are sketched for some of the Latin American national-popular political processes (Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Argentina, with some references to Brazil), including an especial reference to the new constitutions and public policies and the tensions between different objectives revealed within them.


Philosophy ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (224) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. L. Clark

Philosophers of earlier ages have usually spent time in considering thenature of marital, and in general familial, duty. Paley devotes an entire book to those ‘relative duties which result from the constitution of the sexes’,1 a book notable on the one hand for its humanity and on the other for Paley‘s strange refusal to acknowledge that the evils for which he condemns any breach of pure monogamy are in large part the result of the fact that such breaches are generally condemned. In a society where an unmarried mother is ruined no decent male should put a woman in such danger: but why precisely should social feeling be so severe? Marriage, the monogamist would say, must be defended at all costs, for it is a centrally important institution of our society. Political community was, in the past, understood as emerging from or imposed upon families, or similar associations. The struggle to establish the state was a struggle against families, clans and clubs; the state, once established, rested upon the social institutions to which it gave legal backing.


1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śniadecka-Kotarska

The article was originally published without an abstract, short summary by Michal Gilewski The article studies what is causing women to join guerillas in Latin America. The participation of women in such militant groups started with the leftist guerillas of the second half of the 20th century. The article describes different backgrounds and different reasons for the women to join armed struggle groups. It also describes how women functioned in the social, ideological and biological dimensions of guerillas. Śniadecka-Kotarska suggests that, although the guerilla movement failed to achieve its goals of socio-political transformation of Latin American societies, it made an important contribution to the emancipation of women in these societies.  


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