Gender Differences in Brain, Thoughts, and Behavior

The aims of the study were (a) to test the effectiveness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict Greek university students’ voluntary participation in an extracurricular gymnastics course, and (b) to evaluate gender differences. Two hundred sixty-three (127 female, 136 male) students participated in the study. Students’ attitudes, intention, and PBC were measured with a questionnaire and their attendance in the course was recorded by the teacher. Results from the MANOVA conducted showed that females had higher scores compared with males in all observed variables. Results from the structural equation modeling (SEM) employed supported the usefulness of TPB to explain students’ attitudes and behavior toward extracurricular physical activities (PA). Differences also emerged on path structure of the relationships among the variables.

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MEMBINCANG RELASI GENDER DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI (Studi Kasus Terhadap Public Speaking Versus Private Speaking di Aceh Barat)

Jurnal Source Ilmu Komunikasi ◽

10.35308/source.v4i1.917 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muzakkir Muzakkir

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Public Speaking ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Human Values ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Human Beings ◽

Women Studies ◽

Men And Women ◽

Face To Face ◽

And Behavior

The study and analysis in this paper based on addressing gender differences is common as long as it does not result in gender inequalities. In general, the notion of gender is a visible difference between men and women when viewed from values and behavior. In the Women Studies Encyclopedia it is explained that Gender is a cultural concept, seeking to make a distinction in terms of the roles, behaviors, mentality, and emotional characteristics of the growing male and female in society. However, reality in society indicates that gender differences give rise to various forms of inequality and injustice. Islam is a religion that strongly emphasizes the importance of respect for human beings and it seems his teaching is very accommodating to human values. One form of elaboration of human values is a sincere recognition of human equality and unity. The women of Rasulullah SAW era are described as active, polite, well-preserved women. In fact, in the Qur'an, the ideal figure of a Muslim is symbolized as a person who has independence in politics, like the figure of Queen Balqis who leads the superpower kingdom (`arsyun` azhim). Communication is the exchange of ideas, information, feelings or thoughts between people (individuals) face to face (face to face), verbal and non verbal. While counseling is a reciprocal relationship between two individuals, where a counselor is trying to help the other (the client) to try to solve the problems he is facing.Relation of gender is a social relationship between men and women who are socially formed and culture in doing everything. Based on the findings, it turns out that the meeting in West Aceh district, who want to appear in politics and to become ruler is still zero percent. Keywords: Gender Relations, Communications, Public Speaking, Private Speaking

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Communication Process in Family Reinforcing the Gender Differences in Bangladesh

Revealing Gender Inequalities and Perceptions in South Asian Countries through Discourse Analysis - Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0279-1.ch008 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 137-147

Author(s):

Sabiha Yeasmin Rosy ◽

Md. Mynul Islam

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Negative Impact ◽

The Other ◽

Communication Process ◽

Human Being ◽

The Feminine ◽

The World ◽

Public World ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Impact

Family is an important institution to build a person's personality, morality, value and attitude. When this institution communicates properly, it shows the impact e.g. a boy or a girl becomes social human being. Unfortunately in our family gender biasness is reinforced continuously by starting to behave differently with boys and girls from the childhood. Parents communicate with them in a different way which constructs the traits of “masculinity” and “femininity”. Girls are compelled to learn the feminine role with politeness, submissiveness and their mobility is restricted in public world. It is a family which trains a girl to be a good mother, wife, sister or daughter, on the other hand a boy learns to be social, intellectual, able to run the world and strong. This different formation of role and behavior results in the ongoing discrimination everywhere in the society. This reinforcement is sort of relief from social stigmatization but has overall negative impact on life and through this family can be counted as the main birthplace of discrimination against women. Girls and boys must be raised neutrally to eradicate the gender differences and ensure the equality.

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Evolutionary Neuroandrogenic Theory and Universal Gender Differences in Cognition and Behavior

Sex Roles ◽

10.1007/s11199-010-9927-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (9-10) ◽

pp. 707-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Lee Ellis

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

And Behavior

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Gender Differences in COVID-19 Related Attitudes and Behavior: Evidence from a Panel Survey in Eight OECD Countries

10.3386/w27359 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vincenzo Galasso ◽

Vincent Pons ◽

Paola Profeta ◽

Michael Becher ◽

Sylvain Brouard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Panel Survey ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior

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Gender Differences in the State of Volitional Regulation among Various Ethnic Groups of the Russian Federation and the CIS

Experimental Psychology (Russia) ◽

10.17759/exppsy.2020130210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 139-152

Author(s):

V.N. Shlyapnikov

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Action Control ◽

The State ◽

Self Control ◽

Social Self ◽

Control Scale ◽

Men And Women ◽

Self Assessments ◽

And Behavior

The hypothesis about the relationship between masculinity of national culture and the severity of gender differences in the state of volitional regulation among its representatives is tested. Men and women were compared among representatives of masculine (Kabardin, Ossetian, Armenians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Tajiks) and feminine (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Komi, Mari, Koreans, Tuvans, Jews) ethnic groups. In total, 1453 people aged 18 to 30 years participated in the study. To diagnose the state of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: “Action-control scale” by Yu. Kuhl, “Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”, self-appraisals of volitional qualities. It is shown that in masculine cultures, men and women significantly differ in terms of the “Action-control scale”, the severity of emotional, behavioral and social self-control, as well as self-assessments of volitional qualities, while in feminine cultures there are practically no differences. Men demonstrate qualities associated with the implementation of intentions in action, and women demonstrate qualities associated with the organization of their activities in accordance with the requirements of society.

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Gender Differences in Moral Judgment and Behavior

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.527 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John C. Gibbs

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Moral Judgment ◽

Relational Aggression ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Active Listening ◽

Self Disclosure ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Males And Females ◽

And Behavior

Males and females differ—but only moderately—in moral judgment and morally relevant social behavior such as caring for others and aggression. Females more frequently use care-related concerns in their moral judgment. Research has to some extent supported traditional stereotypes of males as more assertive or independent (agency) and females as more relational or affiliative (communion). Males are on average more aggressive than females even after relational aggression is taken into account. In the expression of empathy and prosocial behavior, situational context plays a larger role for males than females. Males’ gender tendencies have been characterized as instrumental (“report talk,” object oriented, etc.) and females’ as socially and emotionally expressive (“rapport talk,” people oriented, etc.). In social relationships, adolescent girls generally engage in more intimate self-disclosure and active listening, provide more emotional support to one another, and emphasize affiliation and collaboration. Both biological and social experiential or cultural factors are involved in the formation of these morally relevant gender differences. Although average gender-linked differences in emphasis remain evident, a blend of instrumental and expressive characteristics may contribute to optimal morality for both genders. Sandra Bem termed the mixture of expressive (traditionally feminine) and instrumental (traditionally masculine) attributes in gender style “androgyny.” Highly androgynous adolescents and adults of both genders evidence more mature moral judgment and more adequate mental health.

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