Inventing the Cave Man

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Horrall
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Freak Shows ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

Cave men are among the most widely recognised characters in global popular culture. They look like modern humans and inhabit a humorously archaic, but scientifically invalid version of the contemporary world. They battle dinosaurs, use comic technology like foot-powered cars, and drag women by the hair. This illustrated book is the first systematic investigation of the character’s evolution from pre-modern freak shows and fascinations with apes, to mid-nineteenth century evidence of dinosaurs, ancient hominids and evolution. Suddenly, long-held scientific and religious beliefs came into question, provoking public debates that inspired British satirical magazines, performers in the emerging entertainment industry, writers and eventually filmmakers and television companies. Ancient hominids were first depicted as explicitly simian and threatening, though by the end of the century the familiar, modern cave man had emerged. Humour has always been the most common tone for evoking human prehistory, because it allowed unsettling subjects to be addressed indirectly. As evolutionary ideas became more acceptable and Europe’s ancient past became better known, cartoonists began using prehistory to satirise contemporary middle-class Britain. Their cave men looked like the male, Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of that world, while the situations they depicted affirmed Victorian ideas about race, gender, nation and empire. This British cave man travelled throughout the English-speaking world, establishing the broad parameters within which our earliest ancestors continue to be depicted in popular culture.

Antediluvian pictorial fun: E.T. Reed and the prehistoric peeps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Horrall
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Local History ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Racial Threat ◽  
British Identity ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Conservative View ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

This chapter is centred on the ‘prehistoric peeps’ cartoons that E.T. Reed began publishing in Punch magazine in 1893. These immensely influential images, which appeared for years and were reproduced throughout the English-speaking world, marked the point at which the cave man character entered popular culture. Reed’s scruffy human cave men were not related to gorillas or missing links and so they posed no existential racial threat. They inhabited a completely fanciful world that is also easily recognisable as an archaic version of late-Victorian Britain. Reed poked gentle fun at contemporary institutions, ideas and events. It was a conservative view of the ancient past that endorsed late-Victorian ideas about gender, class and national identity. Reed’s images were especially popular in the colonies, where they were used to promote a British identity and erase indigenous peoples from local history. Reed’s impact on contemporaries is explored, especially American cartoonists whose imitative images finally popularised cave men in that country. Reed’s cartoons were also recreated on stage by professional and amateur performers in Britain and throughout the empire. Writers explored prehistory in literature. By the turn of the century, Reed’s unthreatening, middle class vision of prehistory predominated.

The Problem of the Domitianic Date of Revelation

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christian Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Apostolic Fathers ◽  
English Speaking World

In the latter half of the nineteenth century no New Testament scholar in the English speaking world was more respected than J. B. Lightfoot. His New Testament commentaries and his magisterial five volume work on the Apostolic Fathers were models of the scholarly thoroughness of British erudition coupled with the humility of Anglican piety. Their influence would reach well into the twentieth century.

Fredrik Franson: Pioneer Mission Strategist

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319
Author(s):  
Edvard Torjesen ◽  
H. Wilbert (Will) Torjesen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Global Mission ◽  
Mission Agencies ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Founding Director ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Missionary Service ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Church

Rev. Fredrik Franson was the founding director of the Scandinavian Alliance Mission (now The Evangelical Alliance Mission, TEAM). The English-speaking world knows very little about the contribution to the global mission of the church by Swedish-born Fredrik Franson. He was a product of the spiritual revivals in nineteenth-century Scandinavia. Franson was a world evangelist, recruiter, teacher, and trainer of missionaries to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. He collaborated with Hudson Taylor and A. B. Simpson in sending missionaries to inland China. Franson founded sixteen mission agencies and church denominations in six nations during his ministry of 33 years. Scores of missionaries were motivated to missionary service by Fredrik Franson's incredible ministry. In this article H. Wilbert Norton uses the 858-page definitive biography, A Study of Fredrick Franson, by Edvard Paul Torjesen, to sketch a portrait of Franson's life and work.

The Early Reception of Karl Barth's Theology in Britain: A Supplementary View

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-527
Author(s):  
D. Densil Morgan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Church History ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Theological Method ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
To Come ◽  
English Speaking World

One of the axioms of modern church history in Britain is that whereas Anglo-Saxon thought was on the whole impervious to the appeal and achievement of Karl Barth, it was among the Scots alone that the Swiss theologian's theories found any real resonance and creative response. Stephen Sykes in a 1979 volume of studies in Barth's theological method, mentions the somewhat bewildered response to his publications in Britain and the United States between 1925 and the mid-1980s and goes on to say that ‘from now onwards it is in Scotland that Barth is taken with the greatest seriousness in the English speaking world’. In a later volume of centenary essays, R. H. Roberts traced the reception of the theology of Karl Barth ‘in the Anglo-Saxon world’ by quoting the evidence of such late 1920s and early 1930s figures as J. H. Morrison, John McConnachie, H. R. Mackintosh, Norman Porteous and A. J. MacDonald to claim that ‘it is clear from an early stage that enthusiasm for Barth's work … was primarily a Scottish attribute’. In another essay in the same volume, Colin Gunton contrasted the usual English attitude to Barth with that of theologians from other lands: ‘For the most part and despite exceptions’, he claimed, ‘the English find it difficult to come to terms with the theology of Karl Barth’, while in a companion volume Geoffrey Bromiley noted that this was hardly the case for theologians and pastors ‘in such diverse lands as Switzerland, Germany, France, Holland, Hungary, and Scotland’. Again and again, it is Scotland which is emphasised as being the place within the British Isles where Barth's ideals took root.

scholarly journals The Sin of Laura: The Meaning of Culture in the Education of Nineteenth-Century Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
Marjorie R. Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Feminist Historiography ◽  
English Speaking World

Abstract In the iconography of nineteenth-century female education, the centralfigure is a woman at the piano. This figure embodies a form ofeducation, the female "accomplishments" — music, art, modern languages, literature, and the natural sciences — which was widespread in Britain by the end of the eighteenth century and which spread rapidly throughout the English-speaking world. Yet this form of education has been overlooked or dismissed by both mainstream and feminist historiography. This paper considers the rise of the accomplishments curriculum as a precursor to the emergence, late in the nineteenth century, of the “worthwhile education” of women. This earlier development, in the author's view, requires a reconsideration of that sacred cow of feminist theory, the man/culture, women/nature dichotomy. A study of the female accomplishments also illustrates the earlier rise of the enduring and oppressive myth that there is a natural affinity between the humanities and the female mind — with its equally enduring implication that there is a natural affinity between science and the male mind. Historians of the Edwardian period have noted that the rational, scientific frame of mind, which underpinned the capitalist exploitation of the natural world, was considered to be a "natural" male predilection. Feminist historians have rightly exposed the use of this pseudo-science as a justification of the contemporary intellectual subjugation of women. They have, however, failed to note that intellectual attitudes which were evident more than a century earlier, and which underpinned the emergence of the female accomplishments, ensured that women would be excluded from the great intellectual adventure of the twentieth century.

Images of the village community: a study in Anglo-Indian Ideology

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Village ◽  
Anglo Indian ◽  
English Village

To a degree exceptional even in that age of historical recovery and sociological discovery, awareness of the village community was a creation of the later nineteenth century. With due allowance for the contribution of the German historical school, it was—within the English-speaking world—an Anglo-Indian creation. In England, save for a handful of ‘survivals’, the village community was a purely historical phenomenon, studied by historians; but in India it was an omnipresent reality, utilized by revenue officials in assessing and collecting the land revenue. From the efforts of these groups—historians and revenue officials—to comprehend substantially similar institutions two intellectual traditions derived. Originating in complete independence of one another, both traditions converged in the third quarter of the nineteenth century for a brief, intense, period of cross-fertilization—only to separate as totally again. What made their convergence possible was the rising popularity of evolution and ‘comparative method’—which insisted on the essential identity of the defunct English village community and the living Indian village, separate in space and time, but co-existent in the same phase of social evolution. Then disillusion with unilinear evolutionary schemes and the exhaustion of comparative method—its apparent inability to produce any fresh discovery—drove them apart.

The friendly planet: ‘Oddfellows’, networks, and the ‘British World’ c.1840–1914

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Downing
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

AbstractBritish clubs and societies spread around the English-speaking world in the long nineteenth century. This article focuses on one particularly large friendly society, the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows (MU), which by 1913 had more than a thousand lodges around the world, especially concentrated in Australia and New Zealand. The MU spread so widely because of micro-social and macro-social forces, both of which this article investigates. It also examines the transfer of members, funds, and information between different districts of the society, and argues that such transfers may have smoothed internal and long-distance migration.

scholarly journals Animal Magnetism, Psychiatry and Subjective Experience in Nineteenth-Century Germany: Friedrich Krauß and hisNothschrei

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhart Brückner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
German Language ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Animal Magnetism ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Friedrich Krauß (1791–1868) is the author ofNothschrei eines Magnetisch-Vergifteten[Cry of Distress by a Victim of Magnetic Poisoning] (1852), which has been considered one of the most comprehensive self-narratives of madness published in the German language. In this 1018-page work Krauß documents his acute fears of ‘mesmerist’ influence and persecution, his detainment in an Antwerp asylum and his encounter with various illustrious physicians across Europe. Though in many ways comparable to other prominent nineteenth-century first-person accounts (eg. John Thomas Perceval’s 1838Narrative of the Treatment Experienced by a Gentlemanor Daniel Paul Schreber’s 1903Memoirs of my Nervous Illness), Krauß’s story has received comparatively little scholarly attention. This is especially the case in the English-speaking world. In this article I reconstruct Krauß’s biography by emphasising his relationship with physicians and his under-explored stay at the asylum. I then investigate the ways in which Krauß appropriated nascent theories about ‘animal magnetism’ to cope with his disturbing experiences. Finally, I address Krauß’s recently discovered calligraphic oeuvre, which bears traces of his typical fears all the while showcasing his artistic skills. By moving away from the predominantly clinical perspective that has characterised earlier studies, this article reveals how Friedrich Krauß sought to make sense of his experience by selectively appropriating both orthodox and non-orthodox forms of medical knowledge. In so doing, it highlights the mutual interaction of discourses ‘from above’ and ‘from below’ as well as the influence of broader cultural forces on conceptions of self and illness during that seminal period.

scholarly journals A Short History of the Right-Holding Person

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Visa A.J. Kurki
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Sense

The chapter is a historical survey of the genealogy of legal personhood, offering context for how two central notions of modern legal philosophy—personhood and rights—developed. It traces how the Roman notions of personhood inspired Renaissance-era French and German scholars to start using persona in a distinct legal sense that would then, in nineteenth-century Germany, develop into a definition of persons as right-holders. This view was imported into the English-speaking world by John Austin, who had studied in Bonn, Germany. Austin would later influence the works of such influential jurisprudents as John Salmond and Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld.

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