scholarly journals Latviešu izcelsmes Lietuvas arhitekts un inženieris Kārlis Reisons (1894–1981) un viņa profesionālā darbība Šauļos

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Sigits Vlads Saladžinsks ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičiene
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
History Of

Raksts iepazīstina  ar Latvijā mazzināma latviešu  izcelsmes Lietuvas arhitekta un inženiera Kārļa Reisona (Karolis Reisonas; 1894–1981) dzīvi un profesionālo darbību Šauļos, kā arī aktualizē svarīgākās arhitekta daiļrades mantojuma iezīmes un viņa darbu nozīmi Lietuvas arhitektūras vēsturē. K. Reisons bija viens no spilgtākajiem 20. gadsimta starp-karu perioda Lietuvas modernās arhitektūras radītājiem. K. Reisons ir reprezentatīvu celtņu Lietuvas pilsētās, kā arī Rīgā un Adelaidā (Austrālija) autors vai līdzautors. Rīgas reālskolas (1913) un Sanktpēterburgas civilinženieru institūta (1920) absolvents K. Reisons strādāja par Šauļu pilsētas inženieri un pašvaldības Būvniecības nodaļas vadītāju (1922–1930), Šauļu būvniecības desmitnieku1 kursu (1925), vēlāk arī Šauļu arodskolas direktoru (1926), Lietuvas Lauksaimniecības kameras konsultantu (1927–1928). 14 no viņa projektētām celtnēm Kauņā un Šauļos ir iekļautas Lietuvas Kultūras vērtību reģistrā. Agrīniem K. Reisona projektiem raksturīgs historisms ar eklektisma elementiem un tā sauktais «ķieģeļu stils». Vēlākie projekti iezīmējas ar modernajai arhitektūrai  raksturīgu  askētisko racionālismu, funkcionālismu un piemērošanos pilsētbūvniecības un kultūrvēsturiskajam kontekstam. Pēc Otrā pasaules kara viņš ar ģimeni emigrēja uz Vāciju, vēlāk – uz Adelaidu, piedalījies Adelaidas lietuviešu kopienas dzīvē. The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930–1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.

scholarly journals Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
History Of

The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930– 1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.

scholarly journals Latviešu izcelsmes Lietuvas arhitekta un inženiera Kārļa Reisona (1894–1981) darbība (1930–1981) Kauņā, Panevēžā un Adelaidā

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Sigits Vlads Saladžinsks ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičiene
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
History Of

Raksts iepazīstina ar latviešu izcelsmes Lietuvas arhitekta un inženiera Kārļa Reisona (Karolis Reisonas; 1894–1981) profesionālo darbību mūža otrajā pusē – no 1930. gada Kauņā, Panevēžā un Adelaidā – un viņa darbu nozīmi Lietuvas arhitektūras vēsturē. K. Reisons bija viens no spilgtākajiem 20. gadsimta starpkaru perioda Lietuvas modernās arhitektūras radītājiem, kopā ar citiem slaveniem Lietuvas arhitektiem veidoja īpašo starpkaru perioda Kauņas modernās arhitektūras stilu. K. Reisons ir reprezentatīvu celtņu Šauļos, Kauņā un citās Lietuvas pilsētās, kā arī Rīgā un Adelaidā autors vai līdzautors. Arhitekts un inženieris K. Reisons strādāja par Šauļu pilsētas inženieri un pašvaldības Būvniecības nodaļas vadītāju (1922–1930), Šauļu arodskolas direktoru (1926), Lietuvas Lauksaimniecības kameras konsultantu (1927–1928), Kauņas pašvaldības Būvniecības nodaļas vadītāju (1930–1938), Panevēžas inženieri (1940) un birģermeistaru (1941–1944). No 1949. gada Reisonu ģimene dzīvoja Adelaidā, Austrālijā. Pēc viņa projektiem Lietuvā uzcelti trīs neatkarības pieminekļi – Šauļu Neatkarības piemineklis, Kauņas Brīvības pieminekļa postaments un Kauņas Romas katoļu Kristus Augšāmcelšanās baznīca. 14 no viņa projektētām celtnēm Kauņā un Šauļos ir iekļautas Lietuvas nekustamo kultūras vērtību sarakstā. Agrīniem K. Reisona projektiem raksturīgs historisms, eklektisma elementi, «ķieģeļu stils», vēlākie projekti iezīmējas ar modernismam raksturīgu askētisko racionālismu, funkcionālismu, piemērošanos pie pilsētbūvnieciskā un kultūrvēsturiskā konteksta. The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one  of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of  Kaunas modern architecture in interwar  period. K.  Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930–1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.

scholarly journals Professional activities of Latvian born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Šiauliai

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičiene
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
World War ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article introduces the life of not well-known in Latvia Latvian born Lithuanian Karolis  Reisonas  (in  Latvian:  Kārlis   Reisons;   1894–1981) and his professional activities in Šiauliai city, as well as highlights the main features of the architect’s creative work and the importance of his work in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern architecture of the 20th century during interwar period in Lithuania. He is the author and co-author of representative buildings in the cities of Lithuania, as well as in Riga and Adelaide (Australia). K. Reisonas graduated from Riga Real School (1913) and St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers (1920). He has worked as the Engineer of the Šiauliai city and Head of the Construction Department of the Municipality (1922–1930), the Director of the Tenth1 Courses of Šiauliai Construction (1925), later –  the Director of the Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), and an Advisor of Lithuania Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928). Fourteen building to his design in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. K. Reisonas’ early projects are characterized by historicism, eclectic elements, of «brick style». Later projects have the features of aesthetic rationalism, functionalism, and adaptation to urban and cultural-historical context. After the Second World War, he and his family immigrated to Germany, later Adelaide in Australia, where he participated in the life of the Adelaide Lithuanian community.

Calendars in Knotted Cords: New Evidence on How Khipus Captured Time in Nineteenth-Century Cuzco and Beyond

Ethnohistory ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos de la Puente
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Rural Parishes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractDespite the critical advances toward khipu decipherment, the specific ways in which Andean khipu masters captured and organized the course of time in their cords, in the form of ages, dates, chronologies, and calendric intervals and cycles, remains obscure. This essay contributes to this central problem of knot making and reading traditions by enlisting the aid of an unlikely source: the memoirs of a mid-nineteenth-century gentleman who was given a striking account of how khipu masters in Cuzco’s countryside recorded specific events of a twelve-month calendar in their khipus and made accurate calculations based on them. The analysis and reconstruction of Cuzco’s calendar-demographic khipus is framed into the history of Catholic catechesis, which included early efforts at colonizing indigenous ways of thinking and experiencing time through tactile, visual, and sonic strategies. This process, rather than marginalizing knotted cords all together, as it is sometimes assumed, turned khipukamayuq into important, yet often overlooked agents for the gradual establishment of the Roman Catholic calendar in Andean rural parishes. Unraveling the basic principles for the accounting of time in these modern khipus by placing them in their historical context is a firm, and to our knowledge unprecedented, step toward future efforts at deciphering both quantitative and qualitative cords with a temporal component.

scholarly journals Przesłanie moralne papieża Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI do czeskich ateistów. Historyczne uwarunkowania i możliwości.

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1(13)) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Tomas Petracek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pope Benedict Xvi ◽  
Benedict Xvi ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Teachings

The author deals with the reception of the moral teachings of Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI by the Czech agnostic and atheist public. He puts this dialogue in the historical context of the Czech history of the 20th century and demonstrates its limits and possibilities. Although there is a common dialogue and interest space, currently, however, on the atheistic part of the public prevails a rather confrontational stance.

scholarly journals Historical and pedagogical works of G. Gubaidullin as a result of his social and pedagogical activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
R.Sh. Malikov ◽  
A.F. Miftakhov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
National Education ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The relevance of the study consists in the fact that pedagogical thought, experience of teaching and upbringing of many generations and of multinational people made it possible to create a modern education system in Russia. An appeal to the pedagogical thought of enlighteners of the past and a critical rethinking of the historical experience of organizing education will contribute to improving the quality of education and achieve better results in educating the young generation. Turning to the history of pedagogical thought and upbringing experience will reveal the pedagogical values that have been forgotten, but are relevant for modern education, which will expand our ideas about the great thinkers of the past. Modern education reforms actualize the need to refer to the past experience of organizing training and education, as well as pedagogical thought, which will prevent numerous mistakes in the education system. The pedagogical thought of the great enlighteners of the past has always been and remains relevant at all times, for their correctness has been proven by time. The pedagogical thought and practice of education during the period of historical changes in Russia in 1920-30-s are of particular relevance. During this period of historical development of social and political life, the education system is also radically changing, which is significant for its great thinkers and educators who are called upon to organize education, instill cultural values in the young generation, and reveal all the wealth and effectiveness of national education. The problem of the research is to study the pedagogical heritage and practical activities of the educators of the early 20th century, in particular, G. Gubaidullin, who left a bright trace in the history of Tatar pedagogical thought. The purpose of the research is to reveal the practical pedagogical activity of the Tatar educator G. Gubaidullin, which was later theoretically generalized and reflected in pedagogical essays. In the course of the research the following methods have been applied: study of archival materials, manuscripts, theoretical literature; comparison of the pedagogical heritage of the past and the modernity; analysis of practical activities and pedagogical heritage of the educator; induction and deduction. The research results and key conclusions are the following: the pedagogical idea and experience of educating the young generation at the beginning of the 20th century have been proposed on the example of creativity and activities of the Tatar educator and teacher G. Gubaidullin for studying pedagogical educational institutions, the history of Pedagogy and education, theory and methods of educational work in the direction of preparation of 44.03.01 «Pedagogical education».

The Multinational Corporation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula De la Cruz-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multinational Businesses

A multinational corporation is a multiple unit business enterprise, vertically managed, that operates in various countries, called host economies. Operations beyond national borders are controlled and managed from one location or headquarters, called the home economy. The units or business activities such as manufacturing, distribution, and marketing are, in the modern multinational as opposed to other forms of international business, all structured under a single organization. The location of the headquarters of the multinational corporation, where the business is registered, defines the “nationality” of the company. While United Kingdom held ownership of over half of the world’s foreign direct investment (FDI), defined not as acquisition but as a managed, controlled investment that an organization does beyond its national border, at the beginning of the 20th century, the United States grew to first place throughout the 20th century—in 2002, 22 percent of the world’s FDI came from the United States, which was also home to ten of the fifty largest corporations in the world. The US-based, large, modern corporation, operated by salaried managers with branches and operations in many nations, emerged in the mid-19th century and has since been a key player and driver in both economic and cultural globalization. The development of corporate capitalism in the United States is closely related with the growth of US-driven business abroad and has unique features that place the US multinational model apart from other business organizations operating internationally such as family multinational businesses which are more common in Europe and Latin America. The range and diversity of US-headquartered multinationals changed over time as well, and different countries and cultures made the nature of managing business overseas more complex. Asia came strong into the picture in the last third of the 20th century as regulations and deindustrialization grew in Europe. Global expansion also meant that societies around the world were connecting transnationally through new channels. Consumers and producers globally are also part of the history of multinational corporations—cultural values, socially constructed perceptions of gender and race, different understandings of work, and the everyday lives and experiences of peoples worldwide are integral to the operations and forms of multinationals.

Glossing in the Linguistic Survey of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée Lahaussois
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step ◽  
Large Scale Survey

Summary In this article, I explore glossing practices in the period surrounding the publication of the Linguistic Survey of India (LSI), the large-scale survey of languages spoken on the Indian subcontinent at the turn of the 20th century, under the stewardship of George Abraham Grierson (1851–1941). After a brief discussion of the reasons that the LSI constitutes a useful corpus for studying glossing practices, I provide a detailed examination of the glossing practices used in the text specimens which accompany language descriptions in the LSI. I then contrast these practices with glossing in materials produced both prior to and subsequent to the LSI, in order to place the glossing practices established by Grierson within a historical context, thereby contributing a description of one step in the history of glossing of descriptive linguistic materials.

scholarly journals Silesian Theological Seminary and Częstochowa Theological Seminary in Krakow— the Heritage of the Interwar Period. A Study of the History of Organization Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Michał Szkoła
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
History Of

After Poland regained its independence in 1918, the Polish Roman Catholic Church needed to be reunited, so that thoroughly educated priests could be deployed to work in the newly established dioceses. The system of teaching had to be reorganized and this issue was fi­nally regulated by the 1925 Concordat which guaranteed the possi­bility of creating a seminary in each diocese. A special situation took place in Krakow, where in the 1920s, in addition to the existing dioc­esan seminary, the Częstochowa Seminary and the Silesian Seminary were located. The article outlines the circumstances in which the seats of these institutions were established outside home dioceses and draws attention to the cultural context of the events of that time, whose mate­rial reflection remains as the two modernist buildings preserved in the center of Krakow.

scholarly journals Z dziejów Karaimów litewsko-polskich w XX wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełczyński
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Из истории литовско-польских караимов в ХХ векеКараимы — это религиозная и одновременно этническая группа с очень интересной историей и культурой, сформировавшаяся в Крыму около Х века. На литовско-польских землях они живут с конца XIV века. Они сохранились до ХХ века как небольшое меньшинство, в межвоенный период их количество не превышало 1000 человек. Главные скопления караимов находились тогда в Тракае, Вильнюсе, Паневежисе в Литовской республике, в Луцке и Галиче. Они выделялись довольно большой культурной активностью в различных сферах. Однако первая и вторая мировые войны негативно повлияли на так малую общность. Многие погибли во время военных действий. Большинство было переселено, и это вызвало их рассеяние и ассимиляцию в чужом окружении. Большую угрозу для караимов представлял и коммунизм, борющийся со всеми проявлениями религиозной культуры. Несмотря на это, и в настоящее время в Литве и Польше они стараются существовать как особенный народ, хотя в намного меньшем количестве, чем перед войной.On the history of the Lithuanian-Polish Karaims in the 20th centuryThe Karaims are a religious and ethnic group with a very interesting history and culture, who emerged in Crimea around the 10th century. They settled in Poland and Lithuania in the 14th century and survived until the 20th century as a small minority — in the interwar period their population did not exceed 1,000. At that time their main centres were in Trakai, Vilnius, Panevėžys in Lithuania as well as in Lutsk and Halych. They were very active in various areas of culture; however, both the First and the Second World Wars had a negative impact on this small community. Many of its members perished during military operations. Most were forc­ibly resettled, as a result of which they dispersed as a community and became assimilated in foreign environments. Just as dangerous to them was communism, which fought any manifes­tations of religious culture. Nevertheless, today the Karaims still try to live as a distinct people in Lithuania and Poland.

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