Islam and Environmental Ethics

The present paper deals with Islamic moral teachings of the environment from a Qur’ānic perspective. It attempts to correlate some familiar Qur’ānic terms with human moral responsibility towards the natural world. The paper investigates whether the Islamic view of the natural world supports the anthropocentric and bio-centric approach to environmental ethics or not. In so doing, the paper aims to present an Islamic balancing approach to the environment, show why such a unique approach is necessary to address the present environmental degradation, and how it can work for environmental sustainability.

Ajaran Tri Parartha dalam Kakawin Aji Palayon

<em><span lang="EN-US">Literary work is a life guide of the Balinese Hindu community that still exists until today. One type of traditional Balinese literary work that is rich in moral teachings, especially related to Tri Parartha is kakawin Aji Palayon. This paper seeks to uncover the teachings of Tri Parartha contained in Aji Palayon's kakawin literary work with a set of semiotic and religious theories supported by content analysis and descriptive analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that Kakawin Aji Palayon is a traditional Balinese literary work in the form of a song that tells about the journey of the atman since leaving the rough body until it reaches shunya laya (a place of eternal peace). On the journey the atman is also filled with the teachings of Tri Parartha, namely asih (compassion), punia (sacrifice / sincere gift), and bhakti (truth devotion) which is dominantly found in chapter 1, 3, and 6. With high wisdom and understand the teachings of Tri Parartha well, then the atman can pass through various kinds of obstacles and temptations, so that finally he reaches shunya laya (place of eternal peace).</span></em>

Magisterial Teaching on the Foundation of Sexual Ethics

This article seeks to demonstrate that the perverted faculty argument is at the foundation of magisterial teaching in sexual ethics. Yet new natural law (NNL) theorists have consistently condemned this argument for decades despite their claim that they support the moral teachings of the Catholic Church. This situation is incongruous. Current scholarship indicates that NNL theorists do not accept the rationale for magisterial teaching in sexual ethics because, despite their opposition to proportionalism, they still hold in common its most critical error—an error that Pope St. John Paul II was at pains to condemn in Veritatis splendor

SPIRITUAL-ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN SEARCH OF VALUE BASES

The article attempts to determine the value principles of the moral metaphysics of Orthodox academic theism of the late XIX – early XX centuries. The specificity of the Orthodox “ontological” and “teleological” interpretation of the category of moral law is revealed. The role of European moral teachings of the XVIII – early XIX centuries in the formation of Orthodox moral philosophy is shown. The role of the idea of “good” as the highest value in the system of spiritual-academic moral metaphysics is noted

Faktor-Faktor Pembentukan Karakter berdasarkan Amsal 13:22 tentang Warisan Harta dan Ajaran Moral

This article describes “the factors of character building based on Proverbs 13:22 on inheritance and moral teachings.” The uniqueness of the book of Proverbs is that besides discussing the importance of the relationship between God and humans, it also shows the importance of Character Building. The analysis of this scientific work uses the research method of Wisdom Hermeneutics, which uses literal, context, structural and figurative analysis. The nature of a righteous person deserves to bequeath property to children / other people to obtain inheritance rights. Robert Williamson provides an interpretation of Proverbs 13:22 by emphasizing the habit of experience as the main factor in character building, while Mark Rathbone finds that the family/community factor is a habit /culture in the interpretation of Proverbs 13:22. But from the other side, this article shows that the Interpretation of Proverbs 13:22 discover 4 factors for character building regarding inheritance and moral teachings, namely: Personality Factors, Life Example, Communication and Financial Literacy. Where these factors are passed from one generation to another.

THE CHARACTERISATIONS OF PISCINE MOLITOR PATEL IN YAN MARTELL’S THE LIFE OF PI

Literature like novels can contain many moral teachings, including how a human being develops into a better person because of certain events experienced during the plot development. The present study focuses on the character development of Piscine Molitor Patel in Yan Martell's The Life of Pi as he had to survive the Pacific Ocean for 227 days on a lifeboat with a hungry tiger. By employing close reading, it is revealed that Piscine Molitor Patel was revealed as a curious, smart, competitive, empathetic, obedient, loving, and humble character. These characterizations were revealed directly through the author's description and indirectly through thought, speech, and action. From these character revelations, it can be concluded that the development of Pi’s curious, smart, competitive, empathetic, obedient, loving, and humble character had help Pi survive the Pacific Ocean and continued living as a better person. By employing Freud’s psychoanalysis, Pi’s characterizations were then classified as reflections of his id, ego, and superego. The present study concludes that Pi’s characterizations reflect the development of the balance between his id, ego, and superego, which allowed him to survive the shipwreck and grow into a better person.

Nilai-Nilai Moral dalam Naskah “Kitab Pengajaran”

The purpose of this research is to reveal the existing moral values in the Kitab Pengajaran. The data source of this descriptive qualitative research is the manuscript of Kitab Pengajaran stored in the British Library, England whose inventory code number is MSS Malay B metadata 13. The result of the study shows that there are some moral teachings in this text, namely: thinking before speaking, covering the disgrace of others, being disciplined and on time, and being able to control anger and lust. These teachings rightly need to be preserved, disseminated, and implemented in social life today and in the future. Thus, the expectation of producing superior human resources among the Indonesian people whose characters are strong and intelligent will be immediately met. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan nilai-nilai moral yang ada dalam Kitab Pengajaran. Adapun bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitaif dengan menggunakan sumber data berupa naskah Kitab Pengajaranyang tersimpan di Perpustakaan British, Inggris, dengan nomor kode inventarisasi metadata MSS Malay B13. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, dapat diketahui bahwa tterdapat beberapa ajaran moral dalam naskah ini, yaitu: ajaran untuk berpikir sebelum berucap, ajaran menutupi aib orang lain, ajaran disiplin dan tepat waktu, serta mampu mengendalikan amarah dan hawa nafsu. Ajaran-ajaran tersebut sudah sepatutnya perlu dilestarikan, disosialisasikan, dan diimplementasikan lagi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, baik di masa sekarang maupun di masa-masa yang akan datang. Dengan demikian, harapan bangsa Indonesia agar segera menghadirkan sumber daya manusia unggul yang memiliki karakter kuat dan cerdas dapat menjadi sebuah kenyataan.

An Overview of the Common Moral Teachings Islam and Hinduism Based Religions

The study of world religions makes it clear that after the basic teachings of every religion, which had came into being after the arrival of human beings in this world, the moral teachings have been given the utmost importance. The improvement in the individual and collective life of people depends on moral education which gives them the feeling of an atmosphere of peace and tranquility in the world. The teachings of moral education also gives a sense of equality in a society in which everyone is assured of the protection of his/her rights and interests. Resultantly, in a society where the roots of "good morals" are strong, society never goes astray. The importance of morality for the individual and collective life of human beings could be gauged by the fact that all religious leaders of the world teach their followers good morals and human rights. The moral teachings also help in distinguishing lawful, unlawful, good, and evil. The religious leaders forbid followers to do things that make them or their social life suffer in the wrong way.

1. Buddhist morality

This chapter summarizes the main moral teachings, precepts, and virtues common to the major schools of Buddhism. While these schools often exhibit divergent practices and customs, it seems legitimate to speak of them sharing a common moral core grounded in the teachings of the Buddha originating in the 5th century bce and then handed down largely unaltered through the centuries. A central part of this common core are the Five Precepts observed by lay Buddhists everywhere. The monastic community has its own set of rules and regulations in the Vinaya. Buddhist moral beliefs are underpinned by the cosmic principle of Dharma, of which the law of karma is an aspect. Like science, karma is objective, but unlike science it is not value-free. Karma is concerned with voluntary actions and the good and bad consequences flowing from moral choices.