The Enzyme Immobilization: Carriers and Immobilization methods

Strategies based on the enzyme application are increasingly replacing the conventionalchemical procedures because of their efficiency, quicker performance and environmentalprotection. However, natural enzymes can rarely be used in industrysince their beneficial features cannot endure the industrial conditions. Additionaldrawbacks of natural enzymes are their inhibition by reaction products and difficultyto be removed from the reaction mixture. The most promising techniqueto substantially improve the enzyme properties, such as activity, pH, thermal andorganic-solvent stability, reusability and storage stability, in non-natural environmentsis by the enzyme immobilization. In this review different techniques usedto immobilize enzymes to inert carriers were summarized. Different materials ofboth the organic and inorganic origin were used as carriers for the enzyme immobilization.A class of new materials where the enzyme performance was enhancedby combining different classical materials and shaping in specific forms was alsosummarized.

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Immobilization of urease in poly(1-vinyl imidazole)/poly(acrylic acid) network

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-009-0103-x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mehmet Şenel ◽

Agah Coşkun ◽

M. Fatih Abasıyanık ◽

Ayhan Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Acrylic Acid ◽

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

And Storage ◽

Menten Constant ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Poly Acrylic Acid

AbstractIn this study, urease was immobilized in a polymer network obtained by complexation of poly(1-vinyl imidazole) (PVI) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Preparation of the polymer network was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that enzyme immobilization had a strong effect on film morphology. Proton conductivity of the PVI/PAA network was measured via impedance spectroscopy under humidified conditions. Values of the Michaelis-Menten constant (K M) for immobilized urease were higher than for the free enzyme, indicating a decreased affinity of the enzyme to its substrate. The basic characteristics (pHopt, pHstability, T opt, T stability, reusability, and storage stability) of immobilized urease were determined. The results show that the PAA/PVI polymer network is suitable for enzyme immobilization.

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Bentonite-supported catalase

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0505721a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 721-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Alkan ◽

H. Ceylan ◽

O. Arslan

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Storage Stability ◽

High Ionic Strength ◽

Enzyme Inactivation ◽

Valuable Method ◽

And Storage

The properties of the clay bentonite as a support for enzyme immobilization were studied using the enzyme catalase. Such an immobilization does not result in enzyme inactivation and constitutes a valuable method for immobilizing catalase at high ionic strength. The bentonite-supported catalase was characterized in terms of pH and ionic strength dependencies, thermal and storage stability and kinetic parameters. These studies indicate that bentonite is a valuable support for the simple adsorption of enzymes. .

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Thermo-responsive super porous p(NIPAM) cryogels affords enhanced thermal stability and activity for ɑ-Glucosidase enzyme by entrapping in situ

10.22541/au.161199917.74971044/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sahin Demirci ◽

Nurettin Sahiner

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Critical Solution Temperature ◽

Enzyme Functionality ◽

And Storage ◽

Enzyme Entrapment ◽

Temperature Storage

The concept of using a thermo-responsive p(NIPAM) polymer matrix for enzyme immobilization with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) value is rationalized by availability of the compartmental milieu to enzymes to operate within super porous 3-D matrix with special environmental conditions. Therefore, the enzyme immobilization within a support material will be carried out under the storage conditions of enzymes, generally ~-20 oC to afford unnecessarily loss of enzyme functionality in comparison to the other enzyme entrapment methods. Thus, here ɑ-Glucosidase as a model enzyme was entrapped within thermo-responsive super porous p(NIPAM) cryogels (ɑ-Glu@p(NIPAM) during the synthesis that uses cryogenic condition, ~-20 oC. The LSCT value for the prepared p(NIPAM) based cryogels were determined as 34.6±1.2 oC. The immobilization yield, immobilization efficiency, and activity recovery% values were calculated as 89.4±3.1, 66.2±3.3, and 74.0±3.3%, respectively at pH 6.8 and 37 oC for ɑ-Glu@p(NIPAM) cryogel system. Interestingly, the optimum working conditions were achieved as 25 oC and pH 6.8 with higher activity, 98.4±0.2% for the prepared ɑ-Glu@p(NIPAM) cryogel system. The operational and storage stability studies revealed that the prepared ɑ-Glu@p(NIPAM) cryogel system possessed much better operational and storage stability than free ɑ-Glu enzyme e.g., more than 50% activity after 10th usage and 10-day room temperature storage time. Moreover, the kinetic parameters such as Km and Vmax of free-Glu enzyme and ɑ-Glu@p(NIPAM) cryogel system were calculated by non-linear Michaelis-Menten equation.

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Studying of Physical and Chemical Properties of tomato Seed Oil and Storage Stability

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.33762/bagrs.2016.120266 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 266-274

Author(s):

Bushra B. Jerd ◽

Ali A. Sahi

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Storage ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Tomato Seed Oil

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Asphalt Incorporation with Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymer and Natural Rubber (NR) Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs): Effects of TPV Gel Content on Physical and Rheological Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13091397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1397

Author(s):

Nappaphan Kunanusont ◽

Boonchai Sangpetngam ◽

Anongnat Somwangthanaroj

Keyword(s):

Storage Stability ◽

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽

Softening Temperature ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Gel Content ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

C Storage ◽

Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽

Polymer Modified Asphalt ◽

And Storage

Plastic waste has been incorporated with asphalt to improve the physical properties of asphalt and alleviate the increasing trend of plastic waste being introduced into the environment. However, plastic waste comes in different types such as thermoplastic or thermoset, which results in varied properties of polymer modified asphalt (PMA). In this work, four thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared using different peroxide concentrations to produce four formulations of gel content (with varying extent of crosslinked part) in order to imitate the variation of plastic waste. All four TPVs were then mixed with asphalt at 5 wt% thus producing four formulations of PMA, which went through physical, rheological, and storage stability assessments. PMA with higher gel content possessed lower penetration and higher softening temperature, indicating physically harder appearance of PMA. Superpave parameters remained unchanged among different gel content PMA at temperatures of 64, 70, and 76 °C. PMA with any level of gel content had lower Brookfield viscosity than PMA without gel content at a temperature of 135 °C. Higher gel content resulted in shorter storage stability measured with greater different softening temperatures between top and bottom layers of PMA after 5 days of 163 °C storage. This study shows that asphalt with thermoset plastic waste is harder and easier to pave, thus making the non-recycling thermoset plastic waste more useful and friendly to the environment.

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Effect of extrusion on physical and chemical properties and storage stability of corn germ

Cereal Chemistry ◽

10.1002/cche.10464 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhigang Xiao ◽

Kexin Wang ◽

Fanshu Li ◽

Huiying Cao ◽

Qingsong Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Corn Germ ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Storage ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Folate in Red Rhapsody Strawberry—Content and Storage Stability.

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Julius Rami ◽

Caroline Dumler ◽

Nadine Weber ◽

Michael Rychlik ◽

Gabriele Netzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Stability ◽

Active Form ◽

Food Composition ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Stable Isotope Dilution ◽

Isotope Dilution Assay ◽

C Storage ◽

Vitamin B9 ◽

Adults And Children ◽

And Storage

Folate (Vitamin B9) is critical for a range of biological functions in adults and children, including DNA, protein and neurotransmitter synthesis. It is also essential for the healthy development of the fetus in early pregnancy and for the prevention of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Strawberries are considered a tasty and healthy fruit consumed all over the world and may potentially be an important dietary source of natural folates. However, the relative importance of strawberry as a dietary source will depend on the total folate concentration, vitamer profile, storage stability and bioavailability to humans. Red Rhapsody, an important commercial strawberry cultivar in Australia, was screened for its folate content and storage stability by stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). Total folate content ranged from 90–118 μg/100 g fresh weight (fw), which was well above the value in the Australian Food Composition Database (39 μg/100 g fw). 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, the biologically active form in humans, was the principal vitamer present. Furthermore, folate remained relatively stable during refrigerated (4 °C) storage (loss of only 28% after 14 days of storage). This information is relevant for consumers since the inherent perishability of strawberry fruit makes refrigerated storage common practice in Australian households.

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