scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Adoption of Foodstuffs Sampling Plans for Microbiological Safety Based on the Results of Multiyear Food Sampling

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Kvaternik ◽  
Milena Todorović
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Analysis ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
The Public ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Regional Centre ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Health Institute

The goal of this paper is to point at the possibility of risk assessment and adoption of foodstuffs sampling plans for microbiological safety based on the results of multiyear food sampling. The results of microbiological food analysis performed in the Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska – Regional centre Doboj in the period 2015 – 2019 were used as a sample.

scholarly journals Contribution to the History of Serbian Medicine: Ten Years from the Introduction of Clostridium difficile into Microbiological Diagnostics in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Predrag Stojanović ◽  
Branislava Kocić ◽  
Gorana Dragovac ◽  
Marina Randjelović ◽  
Vukica Pantović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Public Health Institute

SummaryIn Serbia, the first isolates ofC. difficilewere isolated in the Public Health Institute (PHI), Center for Microbiology in Niš, at the end of 2005.The National Reference Laboratory for Anaerobic Infections (NRLA) in PHI Niš confirmed the toxigenic strains that caused the first three registered hospital epidemics in Serbia, in 2006 at the Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Niš, in 2007 at the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, and in 2009 in the General Hospital in Požarevac.In 2014,C. difficilespecies were isolated for the first time from 175 environment samples in the research studies which were conducted in NRLA of PHI Niš. In the samples of soil taken from the ground within the Clinical Center Niš, those taken from the parks at the territory of the Municipality of Niš, samples of mud and sand around the illegal sewage systems at the territory of the Municipality of Niška Banja, a small number of bacteriaC. difficileproducing the toxins (A+B+) as well as non-toxigenic isolates (A−B−) were found.Results of the first epidemiological investigations of cases of diarrhea associated with prior antibiotic treatment applied in hospitalized patients in a number of health centers in our country, microbiological investigations done in the Public Health Institute, valuable discussions at professional and scientific meetings influenced the general attitude that isolation and identification ofC. difficileand/or detection of toxin produced by this bacteria should be part of the routine work in the Serbian microbiological laboratories.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and the environment – the role of the Public Health Institute

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Lea Ulm ◽  
Ana Klobucar ◽  
Sandra Sikic ◽  
Zvonimir Sostar ◽  
Mirjana Lana Kosanovic Licina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Public Health Institute

The Croatian National Health Care Act defines the areas of activities of the public health institute, including the activities of the epidemiology of infectious diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases, public health, health promotion, environmental health, microbiology, school and adolescent medicine, mental health and addiction prevention at Zagreb City level. This paper reviews the highly variable activities in the Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health with the aim of promoting a comprehensive approach to the COVID-19 pandemic. Human and analytical resources in the Institute, activities and rapid implementation of innovations testify to the high capacities for adaptation to emerging risks. In the Institute, it is possible to carry out a whole range of tests and to monitor the environmental factors with predominant impact on human health and safety of the Zagreb environment. The supply of safe water for human consumption in the Republic of Croatia during the current COVID-19 crisis has been uninterrupted and in accordance with applicable legislation. Also, our laboratories have been developing and introducing a method for wastewater testing for SARS-CoV-2 presence. The sludge from wastewater treatment plants is used in agriculture, and potential risks associated with the COVID-19 outbreak should be assessed prior to each application on the soil. Increased use of disinfectants during the epidemic may present a higher risk to the aquatic environment. Air quality monitoring indicates a positive impact on air quality as result of isolation measures.

scholarly journals Mumps outbreak in young adults following a village festival in the Navarra region, Spain, August 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gerstel ◽  
A Lenglet ◽  
M García Cenoz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Public Health Institute

On 10 August 2006, 12 cases of mumps were notified from a village of around 3500 inhabitants in Navarra, northern Spain. In 2005, the Public Health Institute of Navarra

Educated Guesses: Health Risk Assessment in Environmental Impact Statements

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-427
Author(s):  
Pamela D. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
National Environmental Policy Act ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Impact Statements ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Scientific Tool ◽  
Predicted Risk

Environmental pollution threatens public health. The search for solutions has advanced the frontiers of science and law. Efforts to protect the environment and public health begin with describing potential adverse consequences of human activities and characterizing the predicted risk. The National Environmental Policy Act requires the preparation of environmental impact statements to describe the effects of proposed federal projects and provide information for agency decisionmakers and the public.Risks to public health are particularly difficult to quantify because of uncertainty about the relation between exposure to environmental contamination and disease. Risk assessment is the current scientific tool to present estimates of risk. The methodology has created controversy, however, when underlying assumptions and uncertainties are not clearly presented. Critics caution that the methodology is vulnerable to bias. This Note evaluates the use of risk assessment in the environmental impact statement process and offers recommendations to ensure informed decisions.

Development of a probabilistic model for quantitative risk assessment of COVID-19 in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150069
Author(s):  
Paulo Gabriel Santos Campos de Siqueira ◽  
Alexandre Calumbi Antunes de Oliveira ◽  
Heitor Oliveira Duarte ◽  
Márcio das Chagas Moura
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health System ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Excessive Number

We have developed a probabilistic model to quantify the risks of COVID-19 explosion in Brazil, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. By explosion, we mean an excessive number of new infections that would overload the public health system. We made predictions from July 12th to Oct 10th, 2020 for various containment strategies, including business as usual, stay at home (SAH) for young and elderly, flight restrictions among regions, gradual resumption of business and the compulsory wearing of masks. They indicate that: if a SAH strategy were sustained, there would be a negligible risk of explosion and the public health system would not be overloaded. For the other containment strategies, the scenario that combines the gradual resumption of business with the mandatory wearing of masks would be the most effective, reducing risk to considerable category. Should this strategy is applied together with the investment in more Intensive Care Unit beds, risk could be reduced to negligible levels. A sensitivity analysis sustained that risks would be negligible if SAH measures were adopted thoroughly.

FDA-iRISK—A Comparative Risk Assessment System for Evaluating and Ranking Food-Hazard Pairs: Case Studies on Microbial Hazards

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHUAN CHEN ◽  
SHERRI B. DENNIS ◽  
EMMA HARTNETT ◽  
GREG PAOLI ◽  
RÉGIS POUILLOT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Stakeholders in the system of food safety, in particular federal agencies, need evidence-based, transparent, and rigorous approaches to estimate and compare the risk of foodborne illness from microbial and chemical hazards and the public health impact of interventions. FDA-iRISK (referred to here as iRISK), a Web-based quantitative risk assessment system, was developed to meet this need. The modeling tool enables users to assess, compare, and rank the risks posed by multiple food-hazard pairs at all stages of the food supply system, from primary production, through manufacturing and processing, to retail distribution and, ultimately, to the consumer. Using standard data entry templates, built-in mathematical functions, and Monte Carlo simulation techniques, iRISK integrates data and assumptions from seven components: the food, the hazard, the population of consumers, process models describing the introduction and fate of the hazard up to the point of consumption, consumption patterns, dose-response curves, and health effects. Beyond risk ranking, iRISK enables users to estimate and compare the impact of interventions and control measures on public health risk. iRISK provides estimates of the impact of proposed interventions in various ways, including changes in the mean risk of illness and burden of disease metrics, such as losses in disability-adjusted life years. Case studies for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were developed to demonstrate the application of iRISK for the estimation of risks and the impact of interventions for microbial hazards. iRISK was made available to the public at http://irisk.foodrisk.org in October 2012.

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