scholarly journals Theory and practice of “hybrid” confrontation: an overview of conflicts since the XV century to the present

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Oleg Vasilyevich Tikhanychev
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Massive Information

The subject of this research is the indirect forms of confrontation in intergovernmental conflicts conflicts. The object of this research is the “hybrid warfare” as a form of indirect confrontation. It is established that currently the methods of military and nonmilitary intergovernmental confrontation are being extensively used. One of the actively implemented concepts is the so called “hybrid war”. The author examines the key components of “hybrid” actions; and leaning on the analysis of historical experience, concludes that these approaches have deep historical roots. The article reviews not the classical mercenarism, but namely “hybrid” actions, when the hirer and the purpose of involving mercenaries are hidden, while military actions are accompanied by economic confrontation and massive information attacks. The examples of such actions can be seen in wars back in the XV–XVII centuries. The analysis of warfare and armed conflicts experience allows concluding the threat of “hybrid” actions is extremely relevant now and in the foreseeable future. It is also worth noting that in the future, other “hybrid” approaches towards intergovernmental confrontation that have previously been used in the past can be modified to the new conditions of civilizational development.  The author concludes that Russia should be ready to counter such threats, and outlines possible aspects of such counteraction.

Badiou After Meillassoux: The Politics of the Problem of Induction

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
Nathan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Problem Of Induction ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Capacity To Act ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

Chapter 8 reads Quentin Meillassoux’s revival of the problem of induction back into the work of his mentor, Alain Badiou. I argue that Badiou’s theory of the event and of truth procedures can be understood in terms of the aporetic relation of the past to the future theorized by Hume’s famous critique of the grounds of inductive judgment. While Hume overcomes his sceptical doubts through a pragmatic theory of habit (rather than a theory of rationally or empirically grounded knowledge of cause and effect), Badiou’s theory of the subject depends upon a capacity to act within the default of habit: in situations where the genesis of habits in the past is inadequate to the construction of the future in the present. Exemplifying this approach to political action through the political sequence of Occupy Oakland (2011–2012), the chapter develops an account of the political relay between theory and practice.

The Nature of Degrowth: Theorising the Core of Nature for the Degrowth Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasi Heikkurinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Radical Reduction ◽  
Nature Experience ◽  
Matter Energy

This article investigates human–nature relations in the light of the recent call for degrowth, a radical reduction of matter–energy throughput in over-producing and over-consuming cultures. It outlines a culturally sensitive response to a (conceived) paradox where humans embedded in nature experience alienation and estrangement from it. The article finds that if nature has a core, then the experienced distance makes sense. To describe the core of nature, three temporal lenses are employed: the core of nature as ‘the past’, ‘the future’, and ‘the present’. It is proposed that while the degrowth movement should be inclusive of temporal perspectives, the lens of the present should be emphasised to balance out the prevailing romanticism and futurism in the theory and practice of degrowth.

A corpus-based investigation of techno-optimism and propositional certainty in the National Intelligence Council’s ‘Future Global Trends Reports’ (2010–2035)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Jamie McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Global Trends ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Discursive Representations

This article reports the findings from a study of discursive representations of the future role of technology in the work of the US National Intelligence Council (NIC). Specifically, it investigates the interplay of ‘techno-optimism’ (a form of ideological bias) and propositional certainty in the NIC’s ‘Future Global Trends Reports’. In doing so, it answers the following questions: To what extent was techno-optimism present in the discourse? What level of propositional certainty was expressed in the discourse? How did the discourse deal with the inherent uncertainty of the future? Overall, the discourse was pronouncedly techno-optimist in its stance towards the future role of technology: high-technological solutions were portrayed as solving a host of problems, despite the readily available presence of low-technology or no-technology solutions. In all, 75.1% of the representations were presented as future categorical certainties, meaning the future was predominantly presented as a known and closed inevitability. The discourse dealt with the inherent uncertainty of the subject matter, that is, the future, by projecting the past and present into the future. This was particularly the case in relation to the idea of technological military dominance as a guarantee of global peace, and the role of technology as an inevitable force free from societal censorship.

I. The Augustan Historian

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Keyword(s):  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ab Urbe Condita ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

During the past forty years the dominant preoccupation of scholars writing on Livy has been the relationship between the historian and the emperor Augustus, and its effects on the Ab Urbe Condita. Tacitus’ testimony that the two were on friendly terms, and Suetonius’ revelation that Livy found time to encourage the historical studies of the future emperor Claudius, appeared to have ominous overtones to scholars writing against the political backcloth of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Though the subject had not been wholly ignored previously, the success of the German cultural propaganda-machine stimulated a spate of approving or critical treatments. While some were hailing Livy as the historian whose work signalled and glorified the new order, others following a similar interpretation were markedly scathing.

Dlaczego w koncepcji Jaspersa postać Jezusa znajduje się poza „czasem osi”?

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Spirit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual History ◽  
Whole Earth

Karl Jaspers’s concept of the Axial Age (German: Achsenzeit), or the unprece- dented age of the highest rise of the human spirit, shows the kinship of people belonging to such different civilizations as Greek, Jewish, Hindu and Chinese. The Axial Age is not only the subject of research for many scholars dealing with the past, but also a possible foundation for the future realization of the peaceful unity of people of the whole Earth. The article focuses on the figure of Jesus, considered by Jaspers as one of the four paradigmatic individuals (German: die maßgebenden Menschen), i.e. people with the greatest influence in the spiritual history of humanity. Therefore, the presence or absence of Jesus in the Axial Age will bring serious consequences. The article presents Jaspers’s arguments for recognizing the period between the 8th and 2nd century BC as the Axial Age, and the possibility of expanding it.

scholarly journals Aquatic biomonitoring: Lessons from the past, challenges for the future

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossano Bolpagni ◽  
Mariano Bresciani ◽  
Stefano Fenoglio
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Passionate Debate ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Special Symposium

This special issue stems from an increasing awareness on the key contribution made by biometrics and biological indices in the quality classification of aquatic ecosystems. This theme has been the subject of passionate debate during the 13th European Ecological Federation (EEF) and 25th Italian Society of Ecology’s (S.It.E.) joined congresses held in Rome in September 2015. In this frame, on the margins of the special symposium named “Biomonitoring: Lessons from the past, challenges for the future”, it was launched the idea of a special issue of the Journal of Limnology on the “aquatic” contributions presented at the conference. The present volume mainly reports these studies, enriched by few invited papers. Among the other things, the main message is the need of a better integration between sector knowledges and legislative instruments. This is even truer given the on-going climate change, and the necessity to record rapid changes in ecosystems and to elaborate effective/adaptive responses to them. 

An Introduction to Dynamic Programming

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Brian Gluss
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
General Mathematical Theory

Dynamic programming, a mathematical field that has grown up in the past few years, is recognized in the U.S.A. as an important new research tool. However, in other countries, little interest has as yet been taken in the subject, nor has much research been performed. The objective of this paper is to give an expository introduction to the field, and give an indication of the variety of actual and possible areas of application, including actuarial theory.In the last decade a large amount of research has been performed by a small body of mathematicians, most of them members of the staff of the RAND Corporation, in the field of multi-stage decision processes, and during this time the theory and practice of the art have experienced great advances. The leading force in these advances has been Richard Bellman, whose contributions to the subject, which he has entitledDynamic Programming[1], have had effects not only in immediate fields of application but also in general mathematical theory; for example, the calculus of variations (see chapter IX of [1]), and linear programming (chapter VI).

Hizballah, Syria, and the Lebanese Elections

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Usher
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

The reason for Hizballah's poor showing in the recent Lebanese elections was the subject of speculation. Formed after Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, Hizballah acquired renown as a militia force against Israel. Since the 1992 Lebanese elections, it also has acquired a reputation as an effective opposition to the Hariri government, challenging Amal's hegemony over Lebanon's Shi'i community. The mobilization of Lebanon's main political forces against Hizballah in the elections has underscored the likelihood that Hizballah's role in the future will remain what it was in the past: less a domestic challenge to Amal and more a force for military resistance against Israel.

scholarly journals “Hybrid Threats” to Russia’s Security: Identification and Counteraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-71
Author(s):  
S. I. Kodaneva
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
National Security ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War

In the scientific literature, it is customary to consider and analyze war exclusively as a violent (conventional) confrontation of subjects of international politics. However, this does not take into account that modern wars are increasingly unfolding in the “grey zone”, that is, outside the framework of international law, they are conducted both in physical and in other dimensions – informational, cybernetic, cultural, cognitive – and mainly by non-military means and with the involvement of irregular formations (rebels, terrorists, etc.). As a result, today’s interstate confrontation is becoming more complex and hybrid, presenting new mechanisms for non-nuclear deterrence.It is important to understand that the inability to recognize the enemy’s ongoing war in time, to determine the direction of the strike destroyed many states, starting with the Roman Empire and ending with the USSR. This determines the relevance and timeliness of this study, which is aimed at analyzing the content of the phenomenon of hybrid war, determining the main methods of its conduct used today and proposing counteraction measures.It should be recognized that in the modern scientific literature there is no single approach to understanding what a hybrid war is, which is quite understandable precisely because of its essence – the variability and complexity of ways of it conducting, as well as flexibility and adaptability to specific circumstances. There are quite a lot of disparate studies on individual components of hybrid war, such as “soft power”, information, economic and cyberwar, “color revolutions”, etc.The subject of this research is the phenomenon of hybrid warfare, its content and specific ways of conducting hybrid warfare. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the subject of research, as well as to structure the manifestation that form the phenomenon of hybrid war in its complex, determine their correlation and mutual influence of various methods of conducting hybrid war, as well as to develop specific proposals for countering threats to Russia’s national security.The importance of developing comprehensive strategic approaches aimed primarily at identifying vulnerabilities, as well as including spiritual security as the basis of the entire security system and countering hybrid threats is emphasized.Taking into account the specified subject and purpose, the introduction reveals the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of hybrid war and the danger that this type of interstate confrontation poses for Russia. Then we analyze the concept of hybrid war and its content, as well as the four main ways of conducting it. The results of the analysis are followed by conclusions and proposals on countering threats to Russia’s national security.

scholarly journals Estudio jurisprudencial sobre el régimen jurídico-procesal de las cláusulas de jurisdicción insertas en conocimientos de embarque: situación actual y futuro proyectado = Jurisprudencial examination on the legal and procedural regime of jurisdiction clauses inserted in bills of lading: current situation and foreseeable future

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciso de Borja Langelaan Osset
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The Real ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

Resumen: El presente trabajo se propone realizar un análisis jurisprudencial de la normativa pro­cesal en la Unión Europea aplicable a las cláusulas de jurisdicción insertas en conocimientos de em­barque. En este sentido, se estudian el art. 25 del Reglamento 1215/2012 y el art. 468 de la LENMAR, tratando los problemas procesales que ambos plantean. Por otro lado, se realiza un análisis a la luz de la jurisprudencia y doctrina anterior a la LENMAR para proyectar en el futuro la aplicabilidad real del mencionado art. 468. Este análisis se completa con una breve explicación inicial sobre el transporte de mercancías en régimen de conocimiento de embarque con el objeto de contextualizar la materia de estudio del presente trabajo.Palabras clave: cláusulas de jurisdicción, conocimiento de embarque, Reglamento 1215/2012, Ley de Navegación Marítima, art. 468 LNM.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to carry out a jurisprudential examination on the procedural Regulations applicable within the European Union to jurisdiction clauses inserted in Bills of Lading. Accordingly, art. 25 Regulation 1215/2012 and art. 468 LENMAR are studied, tackling the procedural problems that both articles raise. On another note, a scrutiny of the jurisprudence and doctrine previous to the LENMAR is carried out, so that the real enforceability of the above-mentioned art. 468 is pro­jected into the future. This inquiry is completed by an introductory explanation about the international carriage of goods by sea, so as to contextualize the subject of this paper.Keywords: jurisdiction clauses, bill of lading, UE Regulation 1215/2012, Spanish Maritime Act, art. 468 LNM.

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