scholarly journals Evolution of representations on reasoning (three cultural starts)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Vadim Markovich Rozin
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Case Reasoning ◽  
Internet Development ◽  
Research Collective

This article analyzes the three cultural starts of reasoning (ancient, modern, and current). This analysis is preceded by the history of studying reasoning in the Moscow Methodological Group, the representatives of which set the task of creating the theory of mendacity, but failed to complete. It turned out that reasoning cannot be reduced to activity not explained by semiotics. The concept of Aristotle's reasoning (the first start) is explored. He completes the tradition of norming the discursive types of activity (reasoning, proof, cognition) that comes from Parmenides and Socrates, attributes the ability to reason to an individual, and along with Plato generates a new reality in mentality. The second start of reasoning is attributed to the Modern Age, which outlined the task getting hold of nature and formed a New European creative personality. In this case, reasoning is endowed with the characteristics of constructiveness, projectivity, eventfulness, perceived as a method of creating new nature and thingness by a person, and included into the context of formation of the culture of modernity. The third start, as the emergence of a new type of reasoning, is currently developing. It is substantiated by the crisis of the culture of modernity, which caused the emergence of new types of discursive practices (interdisciplinary research, collective forms of mental activity using the Internet, development of methodology). These new types of practices require further research and norming, so are the new functions and peculiarities of reasoning.

IDENTIFYING A FORGED MAYA MANUSCRIPT IN UNESCO'S WORLD DIGITAL LIBRARY

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Markus Eberl ◽  
Hanns J. Prem
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Primary Materials

AbstractAmong the original holdings of the recently opened World Digital Library was a Spanish manuscript on the Maya that supposedly dates to 1548 (initially available at http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2961). It was given the title El modo de cómo hacían la pintura los indígenas (“How the Indians Made Their Paintings”) and contained an explanation of Maya culture accompanied by drawings of Maya glyphs and deities. Detailed analysis shows that the Pintura manuscript is a fake that belongs to the Canek group of forged manuscripts. It is written in the same hand as the Canek forgeries and shares the same stylistic characteristics with this group. Its drawings copy illustrations from the third English or the second Spanish edition of Sylvanus Morley's The Ancient Maya, and from the Madrid Codex. The World Digital Library aims to make significant primary materials from all UNESCO member countries available on the Internet. Forgeries like the Pintura manuscript undermine the trustworthiness and eminence of this project. While the Pintura manuscript was removed from the World Digital Library in August 2009, researchers may find useful the holistic approach that allowed identifying it as a forgery. A historical document is here examined from six angles. What are its physical makeup, its penmanship, and its linguistic properties? Authentic documents should have a traceable history of documentation (here termed a “pedigree”) and their content should be consistent with well-established sources and with culture- and time-specific conventions.

The Effect of User Location and Time of Access on Ecommerce

2010 ◽  
pp. 969-974
Author(s):  
Chetan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Internet Traffic ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
User Location

The amount and range of information on the Internet is growing at a rapid pace. Cisco systems report (2008) expects Internet traffic growth to be spurred by video, social networking and collaboration applications collectively referred to as Web 2.0 technologies. The Cisco systems report (2008) forecasts that “global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic will increase by a factor of six from 2007 to 2012, reaching 44 exabytes per month in 2012, compared to fewer than 7 exabytes per month in 2007.” ComScore report (2009) estimates that the total global Internet audience has surpassed 1 billion visitors in December 2008. Magid Abraham, CEO of ComScore Inc., says “Surpassing one billion global users is a significant landmark in the history of the Internet. It is a monument to the increasingly unified global community in which we live and reminds us that the world truly is becoming more flat. The second billion will be online before we know it, and the third billion will arrive even faster than that, until we have a truly global network of interconnected people and ideas that transcend borders and cultural boundaries.” The increase in Internet traffic is aided because making information available online is becoming relatively inexpensive, and as more people have Internet access demand for information increases. The trend of increasing Internet traffic is likely to continue (Datta et al. 2003, Cisco systems report 2008).

2. The network of networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Andrew Murray
Keyword(s):  
Computer Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hypertext Transfer Protocol ◽  
Web Surfing ◽  
Network Of Networks ◽  
Transfer Protocol

This chapter traces the history of the internet, sometimes called the network of networks. It first looks at the origins of computer networks, beginning with the introduction of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network or ARPANET, followed by the ALOHANET and the SATNET. The chapter then outlines the development of the internet that began when Bob Kahn built an Internetwork Protocol and also explains how the modern internet functions, along with net neutrality. Finally, it considers the third network layer, the applications layer where higher-level protocols such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol make it possible to carry out operations such as web surfing.

scholarly journals Notes towards an anthropology of the internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hart
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

What might an anthropology of the internet look like? It require a combination of introspection, personal judgment and world history to explore the universe of cyberspace. This world is not sufficient to itself, nor is it 'the world'. People bring their offline circumstances to behaviour online. The virtual and the real constitute a dialectic in which neither can be reduced to the other and 'virtual reality' is their temporary synthesis. Heidegger's metaphysics are drawn on to illuminate this dialectic. Before this, the internet is examines in the light of the history of communications, from speech and writing to books and the radio. The digital revolution of our time is marked by the convergence of telephones, television and computing. It is the third stage in a machine revolution lasting just 200 years. The paper analyses the political economy of the internet in terms of the original three classes controlling respectively increase in the environment (land), money (capital) and human creativity (labour). It ends with a consideration of Kant's great example for a future anthropology capable of placing human subjectivity in world history.

scholarly journals “Sacred Theology” of Nicholas of Cusa in the portraits and altar paintings of the artists of the Early Netherlandish painting

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Elena Al'bertovna Zabrodina
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Nicholas Of Cusa ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The People ◽  
Hieronymus Bosch ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is the processes that unfolded in the spiritual sphere of the Netherlandish society of the XV century, which can be assessed by the treatises of the prominent philosopher and figure of the Catholic Church Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464), as well as by the images, scenes, artistic techniques used by Netherlandish artists of that time such brothers van Eyck, Rogier van Weyden, Hans Memling, Petrus Christus, Hieronymus Bosch, Robert Kampin, and others. Main attention is given to the comparison of the views of Nicholas of Cusa, as well as the manner and ideological program that can be seen in the work of the XV century artists. The scientific novelty consists in demonstration of just how the views of Nicholas of Cusa correlate to the worldview of the people of the XV century – transitional period from the Medieval Era to the Modern Age. Perceptions of the Netherlanders of that time of the world and people’s place within it, of divine predestination and everyday life are reflected in the orders for a new type of altar compositions and portraits. The conducted analysis uses specific examples to reveal the theme of commonness of the worldview in the examined chronological period. Comparison of the paintings and thoughts of Nicholas of Cusa demonstrate the commonness of views that reflect the transformational era in the history of art.

scholarly journals Den umenneskeligt menneskelige ondskab - Seriemorderen som paradoksal grænsefigur

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Anders Dræby Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Serial Killer ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
The Third ◽  
Historical Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Order ◽  
New Type ◽  
Third Dimension

The article discusses the paradoxical role that the serial killer has taken in our present socio-cultural order as a limit figure which at once represents the villain and the hero. In a historical perspective the article examines why the serial killer has been given this role through 5 tracks: First, it is argued that the historical condition of the modern idea of the serial killer is a particular kind of historicalmythologizing of the serial murders. Then it is shown how the idea of serial killer is made widely known because a new type of criminal is introduced by the FBI as an internal enemy of the state. In the third dimension it is shown how this introduction is linked to the conceptualization of the serial killer in criminology and forensic science. The fourth dimension in the history of the idea of the serial killer is the story of how the serial killer is identified as a modern version of a monster by forensic psychiatry and popular culture and is associated with a revitalization of the concept of evil. In the final dimension the spread of the idea of the serial killer is connected to our existential dealing with ourselves.

Notes on the foundation and history of the Royal Society

1938 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
General Sense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Corporate Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type

'The Foundation of the Royal Society was one of the earliest practical fruits of the philosophical labours of Francis Bacon;' with these words Sir Archibald Geikie began the chapter on the ‘Foundation and Early History of the Royal Society' in the third edition of the Record . The statement is no doubt true in a general sense. It is, however, seldom possible to trace to a single source the inception of an idea which led to the foundation of a new type of corporate organization. The evolution and development of human institutions is, as a rule, a slow process, conditioned by many factors operating in a favourable atmosphere. As Pasteur said of scientific research : ‘le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés.’

scholarly journals Sensing Boundaries on Foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Carlos Idrobo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
And Control

This article examines the material and socio-cultural mechanisms by which everyday urban and rural walking is controlled, regulated, limited, or affected, as seen through the lens of nineteenth century visual arts with support of literary and historical accounts. Inspired by the interdisciplinary research on walking, I discuss three cases of different cultural and historical backgrounds and examine therein the instances in which the experience of walking cannot fully take place, or its movements are shaped or controlled by real or imaginary forces, either external or internal, or even by other modes of transportation: 1) C. G. Carus’ socially constrained travelling in Italy in 1828, leading up to his painting Erinnerung an Neapel, 2) the history of the Pont Neuf and the use and regulation of Paris footways through lithographs and ‘impressionist’ paintings in the Third Republic, and 3) the motif of the ‘riukuaita’ (round-pole fence) in lithographs, landscape paintings and photographs during the Golden Age of Finnish Art. Thus, art objects are considered as both artworks and historical documents that illuminate the imaginary and actuality of historical events related to migration, bordering processes, and control of mobility.

scholarly journals Transformationen des Konsums

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Consumer Science

Where is our consumer society headed? How have the attitudes and behaviour of consumers changed? Are we witnessing a shift from mass industrial consumption towards individual digital consumption? This book documents the third annual conference of the Netzwerk Verbraucherforschung (Consumer Research Network). Profound changes in the history of consumption, such as those that occurred during the industrial revolution and those that are occurring as a result of digitalisation, can only be understood through interdisciplinary research efforts. Therefore, in addition to the traditional subjects in the field of consumer science, such as economics, law, politics and social science, this book includes the perspectives of historiography and cultural studies. It not only aims to promote the exchange of the current findings of consumer science research in academia and politics, but also to heighten knowledge transfer.

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