scholarly journals Should bread be targeted as a vector to reduce sodium intake in Morocco?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Derouiche ◽  
Ali Jafri ◽  
Younes ElKardi ◽  
Mohammed Jabari ◽  
Rachida Habbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Health Organization

Background: High blood pressure is a serious public health problem in Morocco; the national survey of cardiovascular risk factors in Morocco found a prevalence of 33.6% of people with high blood pressure (HBP) with a higher prevalence among women, also, the World Health Organization estimated the prevalence of HBP in 2008 at 41.2%. Our study aimed to evaluate the amount of salt provided by the consumption of bread, since it is a staple food, in daily food intake and compare it to the recommendations. This study aims to raise awareness about salt consumption and its impact in causing high blood pressure. Methods: We used the MOHR method to quantify sodium in bread samples from 80 professional bakeries in Casablanca. Results: Results showed that the average amount of salt used in the preparation of bread is 17.42 ± 1.28 g / kg, which is the equivalent of a daily intake of 8 to 9 g of salt through bread alone, and exceeds all recommendations. Conclusion: We can only recommend using it as a vector for the programme of awareness about salt over-consumption and its impact on raising the prevalence of hypertension.

scholarly journals Should bread be targeted as a vector to reduce sodium intake in Morocco?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Derouiche ◽  
Ali Jafri ◽  
Younes ElKardi ◽  
Mohammed Jabari ◽  
Rachida Habbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Health Organization

Background: High blood pressure is a serious public health problem in Morocco; the national survey of cardiovascular risk factors in Morocco found a prevalence of 33.6% of people with high blood pressure (HBP) with a higher prevalence among women, also, the World Health Organization estimated the prevalence of HBP in 2008 at 41.2%. Our study aimed to evaluate the amount of salt provided by the consumption of bread, since it is a staple food, in daily food intake and compare it to the recommendations. This study aims to raise awareness about salt consumption and its impact in causing high blood pressure. Methods: We used the MOHR method to quantify sodium in bread samples from 80 professional bakeries in Casablanca. Results: Results showed that the average amount of salt used in the preparation of bread is 17.42 ± 1.28 g / kg, which is the equivalent of a daily intake of 8 to 9 g of salt through bread alone, and exceeds all recommendations. Conclusion: We can only recommend using it as a vector for the programme of awareness about salt over-consumption and its impact on raising the prevalence of hypertension.

scholarly journals Salt intake and blood pressure in Iranian children and adolescents: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Emamian ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimi ◽  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Akbar Fotouhi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of hypertension in Iranian students, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the daily intake of salt in students and its association with high blood pressure. Methods A random sub-sample was selected from the participants of the second phase of Shahroud schoolchildren eye cohort study and then a random urine sample was tested for sodium, potassium and creatinine. Urine electrolyte esexcretion and daily salt intake were calculated by Tanaka et al.’s formula. Results Among 1455 participants (including 230 participants from rural area and 472 girls), the mean age was 12.9 ± 1.7 year and the mean daily salt intake was 9.7 ± 2.6 g (95% CI 9.5–9.8). The mean salt consumption in rural areas [10.8 (95% CI 10.4–11.2)] was higher than urban areas [9.4 (95% CI 9.3–9.6)], in people with hypertension [10.8 (95% CI 10.3–11.3)] was more than people with normal blood pressure [9.4 (95% CI 9.3–9.6)], and in boys [9.8 (95% CI 9.7–10.0)] was more than girls [9.3 (95% CI 9.1–9.6)]. Higher age, BMI z-score, male sex and rural life, were associated with increased daily salt intake. Increased salt intake was associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Daily salt intake in Iranian adolescents was about 2 times the recommended amount of the World Health Organization, was higher in rural areas and was associated with blood pressure. Reducing salt intake should be considered as an important intervention, especially in rural areas.

Sodium and potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular prevention

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2431-2444
Author(s):  
Francesco P. Cappuccio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Salt consumption is now much greater than needed for survival. High salt intake increases blood pressure in both animals and humans. Conversely, a reduction in salt intake causes a dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure in men and women of all ages and ethnic groups, and in patients already on medication. The risk of strokes and heart attacks rises with increasing blood pressure, but can be decreased by antihypertensive drugs. However, most cardiovascular disease events occur in individuals with ‘normal’ blood pressure levels. Non-pharmacological prevention is therefore the only option to reduce such events. Reduction in population salt intake reduces the number of vascular events. It is one of the most important public health measures to reduce the global cardiovascular burden. Salt reduction policies are powerful, rapid, equitable, and cost saving. The World Health Organization recommends reducing salt consumption below 5 g per day aiming at a global 30% reduction by 2025. A high potassium intake lowers blood pressure in people with and without hypertension. Its beneficial effects extend beyond blood pressure, and may include a reduction in the risk of stroke (independent of blood pressure changes). Potassium intake in the Western world is relatively low, and a lower potassium intake is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, especially stroke. A moderate increase in potassium intake, either as supplement or with diet, reduces blood pressure, and the World Health Organization has issued global recommendations for a target dietary potassium intake of at least 90 mmol/day (≥3510 mg/day) for adults.

scholarly journals Association of chronic diseases and lifestyle factors with suicidal ideation among adults aged 18–69 years in Eswatini: evidence from a population-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mfundi President Sebenele Motsa ◽  
Hung-Yi Chiou ◽  
Yi-Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background How chronic diseases and lifestyle affect suicidal ideation in the sub-Saharan region remains unclear. We investigated the association of chronic diseases and lifestyle with suicidal ideation in the past year and the potential modifying role of sociodemographic status on this association. The findings can guide suicide prevention interventions. Methods We analyzed 3026 respondents from the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance conducted in Eswatini in 2014. The outcome was past-year suicidal ideation, and the main predictors were chronic diseases and lifestyle. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate predictors, and subgroup analysis was performed to assess effect modification. Results The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation was 9.9%. After adjustment for covariates, including sex, marital status, employment status, and education level, individuals aged 18–30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.22) were more likely to have had past-year suicidal ideation than those aged 45–69 years. After adjustment for covariates among employed individuals, having high blood pressure (aOR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.54–7.40), not exercising (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.09–6.39), drinking alcohol (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.14–5.05), being aged 18–30 years (aOR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.01–12.1), and being exposed to threats (aOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.01–5.53) were significantly associated with past-year suicidal ideation. Conclusions Among currently employed individuals, having high blood pressure, not exercising, and drinking alcohol were associated with past-year suicidal ideation. The findings highlight the importance of developing and strengthening systems for early identification of suicidal ideation risk.

scholarly journals Study of essential hypertension with special reference to end organ damage in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Rukmini Ramya M. ◽  
Rajya Lakshmi M.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Hypertension, a major public health concern, affecting 20-25% of the adult population. It is the major risk factor for diseases involving Cardio Vascular (CV) and renalsystem. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that high Blood Pressure (BP) causes 1 in every 8 deaths, making hypertension the third leading killer in the world. The recent emerging trend in the treatment of hypertension is not only based on the pragmatic need to lower BP levels, but also on lowering the CV risk profile, which is largely linked to the presence of the end organ damage.Methods: One hundred patients with hypertension are recruited in this study. The ethics committee of Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada approved this study and all the participants provided informed consent for all the procedures in the study protocol.Results: Majority of the patients (40%) with EOD have hypertension of >10 years duration. The relative frequency of various end organ damages (CVS: 34%, CNS: 17%, kidney: 12% and eye: 10%) is also high in patients with hypertension of >10 years duration.Conclusions: A significant proportion of hypertensive subjects had documented associated EOD, with LVH being the most prevalent EOD. The above findings emphasize the important role of the primary care clinicians to the early detection, treatment and control of high blood pressure that might help to reducing overall cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Effect of the addition of psyllium (Plantago Ovata Forsk) on the total and bioaccessible concentration of the minerals sodium and potassium in frozen banana pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e10410816949
Author(s):  
Elisangela Aparecida Nazario Franco ◽  
Davy William Hidalgo Chávez ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Antonia Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Maria do Socorro Rocha Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Increased blood pressure is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that sodium intake should be moderate and potassium intake can be increased, as its intake is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Banana is a fruit rich in potassium and has large post-harvest losses due to its perishability. The production of frozen pulps is an alternative to reduce these losses. To add nutritional and functional benefits to the fruit pulp, it is possible to add soluble fiber, since its high intake is known to have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and its intake by individuals does not meet the recommended minimum. There is evidence that psyllium dietary fiber contributes to lowering blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, lowering blood glucose and its incorporation into foods may offer health benefits such as preventing high blood pressure. Knowing that sodium and potassium intake is related to blood pressure, this study aimed to investigate the content of the minerals sodium and potassium in frozen banana pulp added with psyllium and to verify the concentrations of bioaccessibility in in vitro digestion. Our results showed that the addition of psyllium contributed to an increase in the content of the minerals potassium and sodium and that after the simulated digestions we verified that the final concentrations of the mineral potassium are in agreement with other results present in the literature, we also saw that despite increasing the sodium content, the final concentration of the dialysate (which would be absorbed by the human body) was 0.17%, being very low and ideal for preventing high blood pressure.

Abstract 008: Casual and 24-hour Urinary Sodium-to-potassium Ratio and Intakes of Sodium and Potassium Among Men and Women From Multi-ethnic General Populations: The Intersalt Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Iwahori ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueshima ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Hisatomi Arima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Background: Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio may be more strongly related to blood pressure and cardiovascular disease than either urinary sodium or potassium alone. The casual urine sodium-to-potassium ratio is readily obtained, can provide prompt on-site feedback, and with repeated measurements may provide useful individual estimates of 24-hour urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently published guidelines for sodium and potassium intakes, but no generally accepted guideline prevails for favorable sodium-to-potassium ratio. Objective: Our primary aim was to compare the level of urinary Na/K ratio with the current recommended levels of Na and K intakes suggested in WHO guidelines. Methods: INTERSALT is an international study on associations of multiple urinary variables, with blood pressure (BP), based on standardized data on 24-hour and casual urinary electrolyte excretion in 10,065 individuals from 52 population samples in 32 countries. The associations between casual urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion of individuals were assessed by correlation and stratification analysis. Results: Mean 24-hour sodium and potassium excretions were 156.0 mmol/24h and 55.2 mmol/24h; mean 24-hour urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was 3.24. Pearson-r correlation coefficients of casual urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio with 24-hour sodium and potassium excretions were 0.42 and -0.34, respectively, and these were 0.57 and -0.48 for 24-hour urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio. The proportion of participants with estimated sodium chloride intake below the WHO recommended guideline of 85 mmol/day was 61.1% for those with casual urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio less than 1, and 96.3% where the 24-hour ratio was less than 1. For potassium, the proportion of people with potassium intake more than the WHO recommended guideline of 90 mmol/day was 21.3% where the casual urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was less than 1 and 28.6% for the 24-hour urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio. Conclusions: Casual urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio less than 1 may be a useful indicator of adherence to the World Health Organization recommended levels of sodium intake, and to a lesser extent potassium intake in diverse different populations.

scholarly journals Impact of salt intake reduction on CVD mortality in Costa Rica: A scenario modelling study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245388
Author(s):  
Jaritza Vega-Solano ◽  
Adriana Blanco-Metzler ◽  
Karol Madriz-Morales ◽  
Eduardo-Augusto Fernandes-Nilson ◽  
Marie Eve Labonté
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
World Health ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of death in Costa Rica and high blood pressure was associated with a mortality rate of 29% in 2018. The average household sodium intake in the country is also two times higher than the World Health Organization recommendation. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing salt intake on CVD mortality in Costa Rica using a scenario simulation model. The Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME) was used to estimate the number of deaths that would be averted or delayed in the Costa Rican population by following the national and the international guidelines to reduce salt consumption, according to two scenarios: A) 46% reduction and B) 15% reduction, both at an energy intake of 2171 kcal. The scenarios estimated that between 4% and 13%, respectively, of deaths due to CVD would be prevented or postponed. The highest percentages of deaths prevented or postponed by type of CVD would be related to Coronary heart disease (39% and 38%, respectively), Hypertensive disease (32% and 33%, respectively), and Stroke (22% in both). The results demonstrate that reducing salt consumption could prevent or postpone an important number of deaths in Costa Rica. More support for existing policies and programs urges.

Study of the efficacy of Pathadi Ghanavati with Lajamanda in the management of Aamatisara

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Jadhav ◽  
P. D. Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Loose Motion ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Trial Drug

Acute Diarrhoea is an important public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than 1000 million cases of Acute Diarrhoea. Loose motion less than 2 weeks that labelled as Acute Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is described in Ayurvedic classics with the name of ‘Atisara’. It means passing of excessive flow of watery stool through anus. Most important factor in the pathogenesis of Aamatisara is Mandagni. In present study 50 patients of Aamatisara were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa department. For the clinical study Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda was selected as the trial drug which was given for the duration of 7 days in the dose of 1gm twice a day. It was observed that 32% patients were from the age group 51-60 years, 70% were females, 62% were from lower-middle socio economic class. Sama Jivha was found in all the patients. Among results loose motion showed 98.75% relief, 97.82% showed improvement in Udarashoola, 97.43% improvement in Agnimandya and Daurbalya each, 100% relief was seen in Aruchi. All the symptoms showed highly significant results. Hence it can be concluded that Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda is very effective remedy in the patients of Aamatisara.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document