scholarly journals Moderate thinning increases soil nitrogen in a Larix principis-rupprechtii (Pinaceae) plantations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyong Ma ◽  
Hairong Han ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
N Pool

Changes in the concentration of soil N or its components of the soil may directly affect forestry ecosystem functioning. Thinning of forest stands, a widely used forestry management practice, may transform soil nutrients directly by altering the soil environment, or indirectly by changing above- or belowground plant biomass. The study objectives were to determine how tree stem density affects the soil N pool and what mechanisms drive any potential changes. In this study, N and its active components were measured beneath a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation across two entire growing season and under 12 25*25m plots: LT (low thinning forests, removal of 15% of the trees, three plot repetitions), MT (35% removal) and HT (50% removal) and contrast: CK (no thinning control). The environmental index like the light condition, soil reoperation, soil temperatures and prescription was measured in the plots. Results indicated that STN (soil total nitrogen) was affected by tree stem density adjustments in short-term, STN generally increased with decreasing tree stem density, reaching its highest concentration in the MT treatment before decreasing in HT; this pattern was echoed by DON/STN (DON, dissolve organic nitrogen), under MT, a lower DON/STN was measured across the seasons; and MBN (microbial biomass nitrogen) and the SOC/STN (SOC, soil organic carbon) ratios, density treatments had an influence on MBN concentration and inhibited SOC/STN (SOC, soil organic carbon). MT tended to accumulate more STN and produce lower DON/STN and generally higher microbial activity, which may be partly ascribed to the higher MBN value, MBN/STN ratio and lower DON/STN; and the water condition (water content, surface runoff and sediment loads) and light and soil temperatures may partly be responsible to the N pool dynamic in the different density treatments.

scholarly journals Moderate thinning increases soil nitrogen in a Larix principis-rupprechtii (Pinaceae) plantations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyong Ma ◽  
Hairong Han ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
N Pool

Changes in the concentration of soil N or its components of the soil may directly affect forestry ecosystem functioning. Thinning of forest stands, a widely used forestry management practice, may transform soil nutrients directly by altering the soil environment, or indirectly by changing above- or belowground plant biomass. The study objectives were to determine how tree stem density affects the soil N pool and what mechanisms drive any potential changes. In this study, N and its active components were measured beneath a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation across two entire growing season and under 12 25*25m plots: LT (low thinning forests, removal of 15% of the trees, three plot repetitions), MT (35% removal) and HT (50% removal) and contrast: CK (no thinning control). The environmental index like the light condition, soil reoperation, soil temperatures and prescription was measured in the plots. Results indicated that STN (soil total nitrogen) was affected by tree stem density adjustments in short-term, STN generally increased with decreasing tree stem density, reaching its highest concentration in the MT treatment before decreasing in HT; this pattern was echoed by DON/STN (DON, dissolve organic nitrogen), under MT, a lower DON/STN was measured across the seasons; and MBN (microbial biomass nitrogen) and the SOC/STN (SOC, soil organic carbon) ratios, density treatments had an influence on MBN concentration and inhibited SOC/STN (SOC, soil organic carbon). MT tended to accumulate more STN and produce lower DON/STN and generally higher microbial activity, which may be partly ascribed to the higher MBN value, MBN/STN ratio and lower DON/STN; and the water condition (water content, surface runoff and sediment loads) and light and soil temperatures may partly be responsible to the N pool dynamic in the different density treatments.

scholarly journals Dynamics of nitrogen and active nitrogen components across seasons under varying stand densities in a Larix principis-rupprechtii (Pinaceae) plantation

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyong Ma ◽  
Hairong Han ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
N Pool

Changes in the concentration of soil nitrogen (N) or its components may directly affect ecosystem functioning in forestry. Thinning of forest stands, a widely used forestry management practice, may transform soil nutrients directly by altering the soil environment, or indirectly by changing above- or belowground plant biomass. The study objectives were to determine how tree stem density affects the soil N pool and what mechanisms drive any potential changes. In this study, N and its active components were measured in the soil of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation across two full growing seasons, in 12 (25 × 25 m) plots: (low thinning, removal of 15% of the trees, three plot repetitions), moderate thinning (MT) (35% removal) and heavy thinning (HT) (50% removal) and no thinning control. Environmental indices, like the light condition, soil respiration, soil temperatures, and prescription, were measured in the plots also. Results indicated that soil total nitrogen (STN) was affected by tree stem density adjustments in the short-term; STN generally increased with decreasing tree stem density, reaching its highest concentration in the MT treatment before decreasing in HT. This pattern was echoed by the DON/STN ratio dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) under MT. A lower DON/STN was measured across the seasons. Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and the SOC/STN (soil organic carbon (SOC)) ratio and density treatments influenced MBN concentration and inhibited SOC/STN. MT tended to accumulate more STN, produce lower DON/STN and had a generally higher microbial activity, which may be partly ascribed to the higher MBN value, MBN/STN ratio and lower DON/STN. The water conditions (soil moisture), light and soil temperatures could partly be responsible for the N pool dynamic in the different density treatments.

Soil organic carbon storage by shaded and unshaded coffee systems and its implications for climate change mitigation in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ziwei Xiao ◽  
Xuehui Bai ◽  
Mingzhu Zhao ◽  
Kai Luo ◽  
Hua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil N ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Shaded coffee systems can mitigate climate change by fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in soil. Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the factors influencing SOC in coffee plantations are necessary for the development of sound land management practices to prevent land degradation and minimize SOC losses. This study was conducted in the main coffee-growing regions of Yunnan; SOC concentrations and storage of shaded and unshaded coffee systems were assessed in the top 40 cm of soil. Relationships between SOC concentration and factors affecting SOC were analysed using multiple linear regression based on the forward and backward stepwise regression method. Factors analysed were soil bulk density (ρb), soil pH, total nitrogen of soil (N), mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual moisture (MAM), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and elevations (E). Akaike's information criterion (AIC), coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and residual sum of squares (RSS) were used to describe the accuracy of multiple linear regression models. Results showed that mean SOC concentration and storage decreased significantly with depth under unshaded coffee systems. Mean SOC concentration and storage were higher in shaded than unshaded coffee systems at 20–40 cm depth. The correlations between SOC concentration and ρb, pH and N were significant. Evidence from the multiple linear regression model showed that soil bulk density (ρb), soil pH, total nitrogen of soil (N) and climatic variables had the greatest impact on soil carbon storage in the coffee system.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Lisa Reiter ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
Thomas Kätterer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Crop Residue Incorporation ◽  
Soc Stocks

Crop residue incorporation (RI) is recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the positive effect on SOC is often reported to be relatively low and alternative use of crop residues, e.g. as a bioenergy source, may be more climate smart. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) the response of SOC stocks to long-term crop residue incorporation; and (ii) the qualitative SOC change, in order to judge the sustainability of this measure. We investigated the effect of 40 years of RI combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels on SOC stocks and five SOC fractions differing in turnover times on a clay loam soil in Padua, Italy. The average increase in SOC stock in the 0–30cm soil layer was 3.1Mgha–1 or 6.8%, with no difference between N fertilisation rates. Retention coefficients of residues did not exceed 4% and decreased significantly with increasing N rate (R2=0.49). The effect of RI was higher after 20 years (4.6Mgha–1) than after 40 years, indicating that a new equilibrium has been reached and no further gains in SOC can be expected. Most (92%) of the total SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction and 93% of the accumulated carbon was also found in this fraction, showing the importance of fine mineral particles for SOC storage, stabilisation and sequestration in arable soils. No change was detected in more labile fractions, indicating complete turnover of the annual residue-derived C in these fractions under a warm humid climate and in a highly base-saturated soil. The applied fractionation was thus useful to elucidate drivers and mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilisation. We conclude that residue incorporation is not a significant management practice affecting soil C storage in warm temperate climatic regions.

Long-term effects of no-tillage management practice on soil organic carbon and its fractions in the northern China

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enke Liu ◽  
Saba Ghirmai Teclemariam ◽  
Changrong Yan ◽  
Jianmin Yu ◽  
Runsheng Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Northern China ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Sumit Mukati ◽  
Y. M. Kool ◽  
Deepak Thakur ◽  
Deepak Singune
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Present field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in Ringondiya village, Madhya Pradesh during rabi season 2018-19 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on performance of chickpea, basic soil properties and nutrient availability. The performance of chickpea (cv. JG-322) was evaluated under seven treatments viz., T1-Control, T2-100% N:P:K (20:50:20), T3-50% N:P:K + FYM @5 t ha-1, T4-50% N:P:K + vermicomposting @2 t ha-1, T5-50% N:P:K + PSB @4 kg ha-1, T6-50% N:P:K + FYM @5 t ha-1 + PSB @4 kg ha-1 and T7-50% N:P:K + vermicomposting @2 t ha-1 +PSB @4 kg ha-1 replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of chickpea were determined at harvest. Similarly, the soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and soil available nutrients (N, P and K) were also determined in post harvest soil samples. The results revealed that the integrated nutrient management practice significantly improved the performance of chickpea. The soil organic carbon and available nutrients were also found increased under INM practices.

scholarly journals Effects of species-dominated patches on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage in a degraded grassland in China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Zhang ◽  
Shiming Tang ◽  
Shu Xie ◽  
Kesi Liu ◽  
Jinsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

Background Patchy vegetation is a very common phenomenon due to long-term overgrazing in degraded steppe grasslands, which results in substantial uncertainty associated with soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics because of changes in the amount of litter accumulation and nutrition input into soil. Methods We investigated soil C and N stocks beneath three types of monodominant species patches according to community dominance. Stipa krylovii patches, Artemisia frigida patches, and Potentilla acaulis patches represent better to worse vegetation conditions in a grassland in northern China. Results The results revealed that the soil C stock (0–40 cm) changed significantly, from 84.7 to 95.7 Mg ha−1, and that the soil organic carbon content (0–10 cm) and microbial biomass carbon (0–10 and 10–20 cm) varied remarkably among the different monodominant species communities (P < 0.05). However, soil total nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen showed no significant differences among different plant patches in the top 0–20 cm of topsoil. The soil C stocks under the P. acaulis and S. krylovii patches were greater than that under the A. frigida patch. Our study implies that accurate estimates of soil C and N storage in degenerated grassland require integrated analyses of the concurrent effects of differences in plant community composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Residue Returning on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Sequestration Rate in China’s Croplands: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Cong He ◽  
Bingyang Liu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Central China ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Sequestration Rate

Crop residue returning (RR) is a promising option to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, which is linked to crop yield promotion, ecologically sustainable agriculture, and climate change mitigation. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the responses of SOC storage and sequestration rates to RR in China’s croplands. Based on a national meta-analysis of 365 comparisons from 99 publications, the results indicated that RR increased SOC storage by 11.3% compared to residue removal (p < 0.05). Theoretically, when combined with low nitrogen fertilizer input rates (0–120 kg N ha−1), single cropping system, paddy-upland rotation, lower mean annual precipitation (0–500 mm), alkaline soils (pH 7.5–8.5), other methods of RR (including residue chopping, evenly incorporating, and burying) or long-term use (>10 yrs), an increase in SOC storage under RR by 11.6–15.5% could be obtained. The SOC sequestration rate of RR varied from 0.48 (Central China) to 1.61 (Southwest China) Mg C ha−1 yr−1, with a national average value of 0.93 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. Higher SOC sequestration rates enhanced crop production. However, decreases in SOC sequestration rate were observed with increases in experimental durations. The phenomenon of “C saturation” occurred after 23 yrs of RR. Overall, RR can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly and climate-smart management practice for long-term use.

scholarly journals Integration of biochar and chemical fertilizer to enhance quality of soil and wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Khalid Chaudhry ◽  
Salman Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Nadir Naqqash ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Sana Yaqoob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

A wide variety of soil amendments like manures, compost, humic acid and bio-sorbents have been used to make nutrients available to crops as well as to protect them from toxic elements. Among soil amendments, biochar has been known to improve soil crumping, soil nutrients’ availability to plants and ultimately the yield of crops. A field experiment was conducted by using biochar prepared from Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. wood by brick batch process. Two doses of biochar were applied to soil 0 and 12 t ha-1. Fertilizer rates used in the experiments were 25% recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF), 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF alone & with biochar applied under two factorial randomized complete block design in natural field conditions (RDF of NPK fertilizer is 120-60-60 kg ha-1) . Soil physico-chemical properties viz., bulk density, particle density, porosity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen were measured from the soil samples collected from 0-30 cm depth. All these parameters varied significantly among the treatments. A combined treatment of biochar and 50% of the recommended dose of NPK was most effective for soil conditioning. Agronomic parameters were also measured by standard methods. Due to chelation of heavy metal ions and availability of nutrients to the soil, yield of the crop may significantly increase due to cumulative treatment of fertilizer and biochar but upto a certain limit.

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