scholarly journals Polymorphisms and distribution of South American manatees (Trichechus spp.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino ◽  
Maria Carolina Viana ◽  
Edivaldo HC de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Emin-Lima ◽  
José de Sousa e Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
South American ◽  
Ancestral Polymorphism ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Mitochondrial Region ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Complete Report

Traditionally, the morphological attributes and the range of Trichechus species have been clearly established. However, we herein show that morphological traits, like belly and pectoral flipper coloration in South American manatees may be polymorphic. Karyotypic analysis of T. manatus allowed the precise identification of this species and confirmed the variability of the observed morphological findings. Molecular analysis based on cytochrome b DNA and the D-loop mitochondrial region showed shared haplotypes between T. inunguis and T. manatus, suggesting the presence of an ancestral polymorphism. These findings showed the need of improving the identification of these species before implementing conservation strategies. Finally, we present a complete report on the extant distribution of these species in South America.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms and distribution of South American manatees (Trichechus spp.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino ◽  
Maria Carolina Viana ◽  
Edivaldo HC de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Emin-Lima ◽  
José de Sousa e Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
South American ◽  
Ancestral Polymorphism ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Mitochondrial Region ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Complete Report

Traditionally, the morphological attributes and the range of Trichechus species have been clearly established. However, we herein show that morphological traits, like belly and pectoral flipper coloration in South American manatees may be polymorphic. Karyotypic analysis of T. manatus allowed the precise identification of this species and confirmed the variability of the observed morphological findings. Molecular analysis based on cytochrome b DNA and the D-loop mitochondrial region showed shared haplotypes between T. inunguis and T. manatus, suggesting the presence of an ancestral polymorphism. These findings showed the need of improving the identification of these species before implementing conservation strategies. Finally, we present a complete report on the extant distribution of these species in South America.

scholarly journals Distribution of South American manatees, Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 and T. inunguis (Natterer, 1883) (Sirenia: Trichechidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-599
Author(s):  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino ◽  
Maria Carolina Viana ◽  
Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Emin ◽  
José De Sousa e Silva Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
South American ◽  
The West ◽  
Trichechus Manatus ◽  
Aquatic Mammal ◽  
Skin Coloration ◽  
Complete Report ◽  
West Indian Manatee ◽  
Available Information

South America is unique as it is home of two species of manatees: the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, and the Amazonian manatee, T. inunguis. These species are easily identified by the belly skin coloration, the first is entirely gray whereas T. inunguis has a white mark pattern in the belly, and presence of nails in T. manatus, absent in T. inunguis. The morphology and the range of Trichechus species have been clearly established. However, we show that the belly skin coloration and the presence of nails on the pectoral flipper may be polymorphic. These findings prompted us to check all available information about the manatee. In view of lack of accurate data on manatee locations, we produced a gazetteer and a map of Trichechus spp. in South America using records obtained by regular monitoring of aquatic mammal strandings conducted by the Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, all available peer-reviewed data, reports, thesis, and newspaper files with photos showing diagnostic characters. These findings showed the need of improving the identification of these species before implementing conservation strategies. Finally, we present a complete report on the extant distribution of these species in South America.  

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Alaqeely ◽  
Bader H. Alhajeri ◽  
Faisal Almathen ◽  
Hasan Alhaddad
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial Region ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Tail Hair

Dromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-types can partly be assessed by exploring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the breed status and the inter-population relationships of dromedary camel-types by analyzing sequence variation in the mtDNA control region and in three coding genes [cytochrome b, threonine, and proline tRNA, and part of the displacement loop (D-loop)] (867 bp region). Tail hair samples (n = 119) that represent six camel-types from Kuwait were collected, extracted, sequenced, and compared to other publicly available sequences (n = 853). Within the sequenced mitochondrial region, 48 polymorphic sites were identified that contributed to 82 unique haplotypes across 37 camel-types. Haplotype names and identities were updated to avoid previous discrepancies. When all sequences were combined (n = 972), a nucleotide diversity of 0.0026 and a haplotype diversity of 0.725 was observed across the dromedary-types. Two major haplogroups (A and B) were identified and the B1 haplotype was predominant and found in almost all dromedary-types whereas the A haplotypes were more abundant in African regions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed an increased similarity among Arabian Peninsula “Mezayen” camel-types, despite their defining coat colors. The relationships among dromedary camel-types can partly be explained by mtDNA. Future work aimed at a deeper understanding of camel-type breed status should focus on a high number of nuclear markers.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the Hungarian draft horse population using partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Csizmár ◽  
Sándor Mihók ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
Szilvia Kusza
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Set Up

Background. Hungarian draft is a horse breed with a recent mixed ancestry. The interest in their conservation and characterization has increased over the last few years. It was developed in the 1920s by crossing local mares with draught horses imported from France and Belgium. The aim of this work is to contribute to the characterization of the endangered Hungarian heavy draft horse populations in order to obtain useful information to implement conservation strategies for these genetic stocks. Methods. To genetically characterize the breed and to set up the basis for a conservation programme, in this present study a hypervariable region of the mithocrondial DNA (D-loop) was used to assess genetic diversity in Hungarian draft horses. Two hundred and eighty five sequences obtained in our laboratory and 419 downloaded sequences available from Genbank were analyzed. Results. One hundred and sixty-four haplotypes were revealed. Thirty-six polymorphic sites were observed. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity values (Hd=0.954±0.004; π=0.028±0.0004) were identified in Hungarian populations, although they were higher within than among the total number of breeds (Hd =0.972±0.002; π=0.03097±0.002). Fourteen of the previously observed seventeen haplogroups were detected. Discussion. Our samples showed a large intra- and interbreed variation. There were no clear clustering on the median joining tree. The overall information given in this work led us to consider that the genetic scenario of this breed is more likely to be due to ‘ancestrally’ different genetic backrounds. This study could contribute to the development of a detailed breeding plan of Hungarian draft horse and help to formulate its genetic conservation plan, with the aim of increasing the population size, but avoiding inbreeding while, on the other hand, also facilitating genetic exchange among the populations.

Typifications and nomenclatural clarifications in South American Tagetes (Asteraceae, Tageteae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 326 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARIO J. SCHIAVINATO ◽  
DIEGO G. GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
ADRIANA BARTOLI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Author Citations

During the course of the revision (in progress) of the South American species of Tagetes, we detected the need for nomenclatural clarifications and typifications in order to correct application of taxa´s names. We analyzed protologues, biographies of authors and collectors, original and common materials, and morphological traits. As a result we clarified author citations of T. anisata and T. pseudomicrantha, and type localities of several taxa. In addition, we designated 12 lectotypes and two epitypes for the following plant names: T. anisata, T. bonariensis, T. campanulata, T. dianthiflora, T. mandonii, T. maxima, T. microglossa, T. multiflora var. rupestris, T. peduncularis, T. porophyllum, T. pseudomicrantha, T. tenuifolia, and T. zypaquirensis.

scholarly journals On the future of the giant South American river turtlePodocnemis expansa

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Forero-Medina ◽  
Camila R. Ferrara ◽  
Richard C. Vogt ◽  
Camila K. Fagundes ◽  
Rafael Antônio M. Balestra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
South American ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Management Recommendations

AbstractThere is a long history of exploitation of the South American river turtlePodocnemis expansa. Conservation efforts for this species started in the 1960s but best practices were not established, and population trends and the number of nesting females protected remained unknown. In 2014 we formed a working group to discuss conservation strategies and to compile population data across the species’ range. We analysed the spatial pattern of its abundance in relation to human and natural factors using multiple regression analyses. We found that > 85 conservation programmes are protecting 147,000 nesting females, primarily in Brazil. The top six sites harbour > 100,000 females and should be prioritized for conservation action. Abundance declines with latitude and we found no evidence of human pressure on current turtle abundance patterns. It is presently not possible to estimate the global population trend because the species is not monitored continuously across the Amazon basin. The number of females is increasing at some localities and decreasing at others. However, the current size of the protected population is well below the historical population size estimated from past levels of human consumption, which demonstrates the need for concerted global conservation action. The data and management recommendations compiled here provide the basis for a regional monitoring programme among South American countries.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Brycon nattereri (Characiformes: Bryconidae): a Neotropical fish under threat of extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno A. Galindo ◽  
Dhiego G. Ferreira ◽  
Caroline Apolinário-Silva ◽  
Mariana C. Terra ◽  
Nícollas G. O. Aprígio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Mitochondrial Region ◽  
D Loop

ABSTRACT Brycon nattereri is an endangered Neotropical fish reported along conserved stretches of the upper Paraná, Tocantins and São Francisco rivers. Populations of this species have been very rare in some Paraná River sub basins. This study analyzes the genetic diversity and population structure of B. nattereri in a restricted area of occurrence recently identified in upper Paraná River basin. Seven microsatellite loci and 497 bp of D-Loop mitochondrial region were examined in 92 individuals from four points along the area of occurrence. Both molecular markers indicated a single population distributed along a stretch of the river approximately 80 km long. Although some of the data suggest an ancient bottleneck, current levels of genetic diversity (H E = 0.574 and h = 0.616) were similar to those of other species of the genus Brycon. The results suggest that the population of B. nattereri has been able to maintain satisfactory levels of genetic diversity, in spite of the small area of occurrence. These data have highlighted an important conservation area and action may prove essential to improve the quality of the environment, and especially the water and riparian plant life, if the area is to be managed and conserved efficiently.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation among Hucul horse

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Czerneková ◽  
T. Kott ◽  
I. Majzlík
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Loop Sequence ◽  
D Loop

Genetic variation in the Czech Hucul horse population was analyzed using a sequence analysis of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA. One hundred and sixty-five Hucul horses were tested. Sequencing of the 700-base pairs fragment of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region revealed 38 mutation sites representing 14 haplotypes, which were clustered into six haplogroups. The genetic information obtained from the mitochondrial DNA typing is of utmost importance for the future breed-conservation strategies.  

Variation in morphological traits in Phaseolus vulgaris L. from northern Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442
Author(s):  
F. FLORES ◽  
P. SÁNCHEZ-TREJOS ◽  
J. I. CUBERO ◽  
J. GIL
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
South American ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
The North ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Nueva Granada ◽  
North Of Spain ◽  
Management And Conservation

A collection of 112 accessions of common beans from the north of Spain has been evaluated for 24 characters during 2 years. A combination of cluster plus canonical discriminant analysis using morphological traits to generate canonical functions was able to separate landraces from different geographic areas of northern Spain, assigning them to germplasm groups related to their centres of origin. The accessions were clustered in three groups in both years. Two groups were related to races with South American origins (races ‘Chile’, ‘Peru’ and ‘Nueva Granada’), the other group was related to races with Mesoamerican origins (races ‘Mesoamerica’ and ‘Durango’). The variation found was higher in the west of the geographic area studied decreasing toward the east. These results will permit a more efficient management and conservation of these resources, and their efficient use in breeding programmes.

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