scholarly journals CAFE regulations and the overview of the passenger car market within the European Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Međurečan ◽  
◽  
Matija Sikirić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Future Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Negative Impacts

Vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) currently represent the most prevalent form of road transport. Although level of emission per vehicle have drastically decreased, their emissions have significant impacts on the environment and health. The emergence of vehicles powered by more environmentally friendly systems has resulted in a change in perceptions, as they result in a reduction in pollution and other negative impacts of the transport system. It is for this reason that the goal has been set, to reduce the market for vehicles with only internal combustion and focus on encouraging the purchase of more sustainable options. The aim of this paper is to review the regulations in the field of passenger car markets in the European Union, and to establish historical trends, as well as to identify goals for future market development.

scholarly journals The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO2 Emissions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Antoni Świć ◽  
Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Car Market ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the dynamics of the development of the electromobility sector in Poland in the context of the European Union and due to the economic situation and development of the electromobility sector in the contexts of Switzerland and Norway. On the basis of obtained data, a forecast was made which foresees the most likely outlook of the electric car market in the coming years. The forecast was made using the creeping trend method, and extended up to 2030. As part of the analysis of the effect of the impact of electromobility, an original method was proposed for calculating the primary energy factor (PEF) primary energy ratio in the European Union and in its individual countries, which illustrates the conversion efficiency of primary energy into electricity and the overall efficiency of the power system. The original method was also verified, referring to the methods proposed by the Fraunhofer-Institut. On the basis of all previous actions and analyses, an assessment was made of the impact of the development of the electromobility sector on air quality in the countries studied. Carbon dioxide tank-to-wheels emission reductions which result from the conversion of the car fleet from conventional vehicles to electric motors were then calculated. In addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, other pollutant emissions were also calculated, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). The increase in the demand for electricity resulting from the needs of electric vehicles was also estimated. On this basis, and also on the basis of previously calculated primary energy coefficients, the emission reduction values have been adjusted for additional emissions resulting from the generation of electricity in power plants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reducing Electric Car Purchase Incentives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez ◽  
Christian Thiel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Technology Transition ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Electro Mobility

The importance of electric car purchase incentives is starting to be questioned. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential effect of reducing or removing electric car purchase public subsidies in the European Union. To this end, the system dynamics Powertrain Technology Transition Market Agent Model is used. The size and timing of purchase incentives for this technology in European countries are investigated under eight scenarios and sensitivity analysis performed. The simulations suggest that, in the short-run, the electric car market share is higher when the subsidies remain in place. In the medium-run, a purchase subsidy scheme granting €3000 for plug-in hybrid electric cars and €4000 for battery electric cars over the period 2020–2024 yields the fastest electric car market uptake of all the scenarios considered. We conclude that, though the current evolution of the battery price is favorable, electric car purchase subsidies remain an effective policy measure to support electro-mobility in the next years.

Sustainable Road Transport in the European Union

2011 ◽  
Vol 2242 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Shen ◽  
Da Ruan ◽  
Elke Hermans ◽  
Tom Brijs ◽  
Geert Wets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Ecological conditions for the implementation of the european modular systems in road transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Anna Dzioba ◽  
Marietta Markiewicz ◽  
Jan Gutsche ◽  
Adam Talaśka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
Ecological Aspect ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Standard Sets

This article focuses on the challenges and problems facing road transport nowadays. The main aspect discussed in the paper is the ecological aspect. As the demand for transport services has been constantly growing for the last 20 years, solving the problem has become a great challenge. In the further part of the study, an attempt was made to indicate solutions applied in the European Union. Another solution is presented in this paper, which is the introduction of European Modular Systems to road transport. Their characteristics were presented and countries in which such solutions are used were indicated. Based the analysis of studies in the field of the discussed issues, a comparison of fuel consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions of standard sets with EMS sets was carried out.

scholarly journals The Importance of Alternative Drive Vehicles in Road Transport in Poland and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Damian Frej ◽  
Paweł Grabski ◽  
Emilia Szumska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Alternative Drive ◽  
European Union Countries

Abstract The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles and vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more and more popular. It should be noted that the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and the pursued environmental policy with the related subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles are an important aspect encouraging the purchase of this type of vehicle. The article presents a comparison of the popularity of vehicles powered by renewable energy sources in Poland and other European Union countries, as well as the characteristics of the most common alternative fuels. Its main objective is to specify the importance of passenger cars with alternative drive sources across the selected EU countries.

scholarly journals O SETOR DE AGRONEGÓCIOS E ALGUNS DE SEUS DESAFIOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Cláudio José Donato ◽  
Eduardo de Lima Silva ◽  
Hualacy Guilherme Odilon do Nascimento ◽  
Irene da Silva Caires ◽  
Letícia Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Biographical Research ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In view of the new Brazilian agribusiness scenario, this article aims to analyze, through a literature review, the challenges and perspectives for Brazilian agribusiness. The methodology adopted was a bi-biographical research. The theoretical considerations pointed out in this study demonstrate the Brazilian agribusiness is an activity that has great representativeness within the economy of the country. It has been shown that one of the challenges is to ensure greater participation in trade liberalization, with a greater counterpart of developed countries, such as the United States and the European Union, in order to gain greater access to international agroindustrial markets. Greater efficiency of public infrastructure services, especially the precariousness of road transport modes, are challenges for this sector. These studies conclude that there is a need to formulate public as well as private policies in order to make greater use of the subregion's potential in the subregion and to build sustainable and sustainable development

scholarly journals Dampak Kebijakan Perdagangan terhadap Pengembangan Industri Biodiesel Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Helena Juliani Purba ◽  
Bonar Marulitua Sinaga ◽  
Tanti Novianti ◽  
Reni Kustiari
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Biodiesel Industry

<strong>English</strong><br />Indonesian government has been promoting development of palm oil based biodiesel industry through the so-called biodiesel mandatory policy. Biodiesel is a renewable energy and low emission. Palm oil and its derivative products are the most important contributors of foreign exchange in 2017. Trade policy is required to accelerate the achievement of biodiesel industry development in Indonesia. The study is intended to analyze the impacts of trade policy (export tax by Indonesian government and import restriction by the European Union) on the development of Indonesia’s biodiesel industry. The analysis used econometrics model in the form of simultaneous equations system consisting of 27 structural and 9 identity equations, estimated using the 2SLS (Two Stage Least Squares) method. This research used annual time series data 1991–2015. The result shows that both the export tax policy by Indonesian government and palm oil import ban by European Union have positive impacts on Indonesia's biodiesel industry but do have negative impacts on the foreign exchange revenues. The negative impacts on foreign exchange revenues can be avoided by replanting policy. Whenever the European Union imposes palm oil import ban policy; then, it is suggested that Indonesian government imposes the domestic market obligation and replanting policy. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Indonesia sedang melakukan upaya pengembangan biodiesel yang bersumber dari minyak sawit dalam kebijakan mandatori biodiesel. Biodiesel adalah sumber energi terbarukan dan rendah emisi. Minyak sawit dan produk turunannya adalah penyumbang devisa negara terbesar pada tahun 2017. Kebijakan perdagangan diperlukan untuk mempercepat pencapaian pengembangan industri biodiesel Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan perdagangan (pajak ekspor oleh pemerintah Indonesia dan pembatasan impor oleh Uni Eropa) terhadap pengembangan industri biodiesel Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan model ekonometrik dalam bentuk sistem persamaan simultan terdiri dari 27 persamaan struktural dan 9 persamaan identitas yang diestimasi dengan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) menggunakan data series tahunan 1990–2015. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kebijakan pajak ekspor oleh pemerintah Indonesia maupun larangan impor oleh Uni Eropa berdampak positif bagi perkembangan industri biodiesel Indonesia, namun berdampak negatif terhadap penerimaan devisa Indonesia. Dampak negatif terhadap penerimaan devisa dapat diatasi dengan kebijakan peremajaan kelapa sawit (replanting). Manakala Uni Eropa melakukan pelarangan impor minyak sawit, maka disarankan Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan domestic market obligation dan replanting.

scholarly journals REALIZATION EFFECTS OF ENFORCING THE EU REGULATION ON THE INSTALLATION OF RECORDING EQUIPMENT IN VEHICLES

Transport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Rimas Limba ◽  
Jonas Lazauskas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Conditions Of Work ◽  
The Eu

Preparing to become a member of the European Union Lithuania will have to keep the requirements of the EU Regulation 3821/85 EEC in road transport. It concerns the installation of recording equipment in the vehicles of international transportation and local passenger and freight transport. According to the EU Regulation recording equipment (tachographs) must not be installed in every vehicle and it will be done step by step. About 38 thousand of vehicles will have operating tachographs and for four years it will require about 8 million Lt of investments per year, but the conditions of work and rest of drivers will be improved and the number of accidents will be decreased.

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