scholarly journals Knowledge of people in the East London District of South Africa about Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: an online survey

Author(s):  
Simon Christopher Fernandez ◽  
John Percival Fernandez

Introduction: World Health Organization declared Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic after two months of its propagation in China. The lack of coordination among people about the new Coronavirus threat is evident mainly due to the dearth of knowledge. Objective: To assess the knowledge of people in the East London district of South Africa about Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The study was anchored on a quantitative method approach and adopted a descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 160 adults. Using the virtual snowball sampling technique, people who were 18 years and above of age and can read English were selected for the online survey. The data were collected using a 3-point Likert scale questionnaire which was uploaded in Google Form. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The majority of the participants knew the myths and facts about the news. They were aware that wearing a face mask prevents Coronavirus transmission, drinking liquor and using hand dryers would not kill the virus. Some people were not sure whether eating garlic or rinsing the nose regularly with saline water would help to prevent from being affected by Coronavirus. The findings also showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) among different age groups of people on their knowledge about the Coronavirus. Conclusion: By comparing the overall findings with the facts issued by World Health Organization, people in the East London district of South Africa had sound knowledge about Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on its transmission and what preventive measures should be taken.

Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽  
Olena Nyankovska ◽  
Marta Yatsula ◽  
...  

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Segaloff ◽  
Angeliki Melidou ◽  
Cornelia Adlhoch ◽  
Dmitriy Pereyaslov ◽  
Emmanuel Robesyn ◽  
...  

In the World Health Organization European Region, the 2018/19 influenza season started in week 49 2018, crossing 10% virus-positivity in sentinel surveillance specimens. At week 5 2019, activity remained elevated with positivity rates at 55%. Both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulated widely and detection levels in primary care and hospital settings were similar to past seasons. Hospitalisation data may suggest an increased susceptibility to A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in older age groups.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borale Yogesh Prabhakar ◽  
Dr. Khalane Shashikant Hari

Aim: According to the world health organization, health means the person is not only free from any physical and psychological illness but (s)he should be fit socially too as well as no health without mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the level and difference of mental health and mobile phone addiction among adolescences. Methods: This study was done on 400 adolescences (200 boy and 200girl students) through random sampling technique. Mithila Mental Health Status Inventory and mobile phone addiction were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by using Mean, S.D, t-test and f-test. Results: Result proves it there is interaction affect among gender and level of mobile phone addiction in terms of mental health as well as no significant difference in mental health among adolescence between low mobile phone addiction and average mobile phone addiction level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Laksita Barbara ◽  
Mareta Dea Rosaline ◽  
Akhiyan Hadi Susanto

AbstractThere are numbers of Indonesian Youtube Videos that show steps to wear and remove Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Corona Virus Disease (COVID19). However, the conformity with the current guidelines remains unknown. This paper aims to determine the validity of these videos based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We searched on the Youtube website for videos in donning and doffing PPE for droplet precaution and selected the videos using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included videos were then evaluated with a checklist derived from WHO course on donning and doffing PPE for COVID-19 and WHO recommendation on PPE for Covid-19. The search that was undertaken resulted in 66 videos, and 40 videos were included for evaluation. There is no significant difference in the donning and doffing score between account types (personal, organizational/institutional, news). The average number of viewers of all videos is more than 2700 viewers. The average score of donning is less than 70% of the total score, and the average doffing score is under 65%. The vast majority of the videos do not follow the WHO recommendation on the PPE type and use more equipment than recommended. There are several contamination risks shown by the videos. Indonesian Youtube videos on PPE procedures for COVID-19 must be selected carefully to be used as an instructional or educational media since most of it presents a high risk of cross-contamination.Keyword: personal protective equipment, audiovisual, cross-contamination, trainingAbstrakTerdapat video dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang terkait cara memakai dan melepaskan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) untuk Corona Virus Disease (COVID19). Namun, kesesuaian video terhadap pedoman terkini belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan validitas video berdasarkan pedoman World Health Organization. Kami menelusuri Youtube untuk memperoleh video instruksi mengenakan dan melepas APD pencegahan kontaminasi droplet dan menyeleksi video tersebut berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Video yang telah diseleksi kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan checklist yang diturunkan dari langkah-langkah yang ditunjukan dalam kursus APD COVID-19 yang disediakan oleh WHO, serta rekomendasi APD dari WHO. Penelusuran Youtube menampilkan 66 video, dan dipilih 40 video yang sesuai dengan kriteria kelayakan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam skor mengenakan dan melepaskan APD antara akun personal, organisasi/institusi, dan berita. Rata-rata jumlah penonton video adalah lebih dari 2700. Skor rata-rata pemakaian APD kurang dari 70% dari skor total, dan skor pelepasan APD kurang dari 65%. Sebagian besar video tidak mengikuti rekomendasi WHO dalam pemilihan tipe PPE dan menggunakan alat yang lebih banyak dari yang direkomendasikan. Terdapat sejumlah risiko kontaminasi yang dapat diobservasi dari langkah-langkah yang ditunjukan dalam video. Video Youtube prosedur APD untuk COVID-19 perlu diseleksi dengan cermat untuk digunakan sebagai media instruksi maupun pendidikan karena sebagian besar menunjukan risiko tinggi kontaminasi silang.Kata Kunci: alat pelindung diri, audiovisual, kontaminasi silang, pelatihan


Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih

ABSTRACT   Ca. Cervical is a primary malignant tumor derived from epithelial metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction area is the transition area vaginal mucosa and mucosa of the cervical canal. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) every year there are an estimated 530,000 new cancers in the world. Death because Ca. Cervical amounted to 4.3 per 1000 population. Ca. Cervical cause of death ranks seventh (5.7% of all causes of death). Risk Factors Ca. Cervical include age> 35 years, age of first marriage is less than 20 years, women with sexual activity is high and often change - change partner, the use of antiseptics, habit of washing the vagina with the use of drugs antiseptic and deodorant, women who smoke, parity (number of births), use of oral contraceptives in the long term. Design The study was a qualitative method of analysis The survey aimed to look at the relationship between knowledge and attitudes about CA Cervical student. The population in this study is a class XII student at SMAN collected three randomly for two days. The sample was a class XII student at SMA N 1 Breech Banyuasin II, SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Lago Banyuasin, and senior Al-Ikhsan Tanjung Lago Banyuasin were conducted randomly with accidental sampling technique with total respondents 178 respondents. Sampling was conducted using questionnaires filled out by respondents. From the results of the bivariate analysis of 69 respondents in SMAN 1 Banyuasin II Year 2016 knowing about Ca cervix ie 13 (18.8%) compared to respondents who did not know, namely Cervical Ca 56 (81.1%) of the 62 respondents in high school Negeri 1 Tanjung Lago 2016 knowing about Ca cervix ie 13 (20.9%) compared to respondents who did not know, namely Cervical Ca 42 (79.0%), and of 47 respondents in SMA AL-Ikhsan 2016 knowing Ca Cervical which 11 (23.4%) compared to respondents who did not know, namely Cervical Ca 36 (76.5%).       ABSTRAK   Ca. serviks adalah tumor ganas primer yang berasal dari metaplasia epitel di daerah skuamokolumner junction yaitu daerah peralihan mukosa vagina dan mukosa kanalis servikalis. Data World Health Organization (WHO) setiap tahun diperkirakan terdapat 530.000 jenis kanker baru di dunia. Kematian karena Ca. Serviks sebesar 4,3 per 1000 penduduk. Ca. Serviks sebagai penyebab kematian menempati urutan ke tujuh (5,7 % dari seluruh penyebab kematian).  Faktor Resiko Ca. Serviks antara lain usia > 35 tahun , Usia pertama kali menikah kurang dari 20 tahun, wanita dengan aktivitas seksual yang tinggi dan sering berganti – ganti pasangan,  penggunaan antiseptik, Kebiasaan pencucian vagina dengan menggunakan obat-obatan antiseptik maupun deodoran, wanita yang merokok, paritas (jumlah kelahiran), penggunaan kontrasepsi oral dalam jangka panjang. Desain Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode Surver Analisis yang bertujuan dengan melihat adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap siswi tentang CA Serviks. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas XII di tiga SMAN yang dikumpulkan  secara acak selama dua hari. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas XII di SMA N 1 Sungsang Banyuasin II, SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Lago Banyuasin, dan SMA Al-Ikhsan Tanjung Lago Banyuasin yang yang dilakukan secara random dengan teknik  Accidental Sampling dengan total responden sebanyak 178 responden. Pengambilan sampel ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi oleh responden. Dari hasil analisis bivariat  Dari 69 responden  di SMAN 1 Banyuasin II  Tahun 2016 yang mengetahui tentang Ca Serviks yaitu 13 (18,8%)  bila dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mengetahui Ca Serviks yaitu 56 (81,1%),  Dari 62 responden  di SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Lago Tahun 2016 yang mengetahui tentang Ca Serviks yaitu 13 (20,9%)  bila dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mengetahui Ca Serviks yaitu 42( 79,0%), dan dari 47 responden  di SMA AL-Ikhsan Tahun 2016 yang mengetahui tentang Ca Serviks yaitu 11 (23,4%) bila dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mengetahui Ca Serviks yaitu 36 (76,5%).  


2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽  
Marko Matijevic ◽  
Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Davor Jurlina ◽  
...  

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo F PASSOS ◽  
Maira Libertad Soligo TAKEMOTO ◽  
Luciana S GUEDES

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Adequate fiber intake is associated with digestive health and reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases and is recognized as essential for human health (World Health Organization, 2003). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily fiber consumption of ≥25 g, but previous studies observed a fiber intake in Brazil lower than recommended. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe fiber intake among adults in Brazil and also respondents’ knowledge and perceptions about their fiber intake. METHODS: National online survey with community-dwelling Brazilian individuals. The survey was conducted during September 2018, using an online platform with closed-ended questions. A representative sample of Brazilian internet users stratified by sex, age, socioeconomic status and geographic region was adopted. Sample size was calculated using a 2% error margin and 95% confidence interval (n=2,000). Data was descriptively analyzed using measures of frequency, central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: Sample included 2,000 individuals who were well-balanced in terms of sex (51.2% female), with mean age of 35.9 years (most represented age group was 35-54 years, 39.6%) and from all country geographic regions (49.4% from Southeast). A total of 69.7% of them consider their usual diet as healthy and 78.4% reported consuming fibers regularly. Fibers from natural sources are consumed at least once a day by 69.5% of the sample, while daily fiber supplements were reported by 29.9%. Absence of regular fiber intake was reported by 21.7% of respondents and the most common reason was “lack of knowledge about fiber sources” (39.3%). When informed about the food sources of each type of fiber (soluble and insoluble) and asked about the regular intake, only 2.5% answered that they do not consume any of them regularly (as opposed to 21.7% before receiving information about specific fiber sources). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that fiber intake in Brazil is probably insufficient with a high proportion of individuals reporting irregular or absent ingestion of fiber sources in their daily lives. Lack of knowledge about fiber sources and fiber types seems to play a role in this inadequate intake, highlighting the need for nutritional education to achieve healthy dietary patterns in the country.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemeziem Njoku

Abstract Objectives Cassava carbohydrate has become an important source of energy, as it is a staple food for many of the 374 ethnic groups in Nigeria. Little is known of the variety grown and consumed in Ekowe community, Bayelsa State; as such specie “Accra” which is thought to belong to the variety of sweet cassava (manihot palmata). We will determine the processing effects and evaluate the nutrient and anti nutritional/toxic content of the various segments (epicarp, endocarp, mesocarp and the fermented pulp) of the cassava specie. Methods The researcher used atomic absorption spectrophotometric and alkaline picrate methods for the elemental and cyanide analysis respectively. Results The minerals; Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), and Iron(Fe), levels were low in all segments, and on the other the toxic chemicals components such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Cyanide (CN) content levels of the cassava segments were within the consumption level, recommended by the world health organization. There is no significant difference in the means at P < 0.05. Expectedly, the processing of the cassava pulp (endocarp) by fermentation appeared to lower the toxic levels of the samples. The mineral and chemical concentrations of the various segments in ppm are as follows: EPICARP: Mg 0.23 ± 0.00a; Ca 7.56 ± 0.06a; Fe 0.12 ± 0.01a; Pb 0.48 ± 0.01a and Cd 0.00 ± 0.00 ENDOCARP: Mg 0.24 ± 0.00a; Ca 6.98 ± 0.01a; Fe 0.09 ± 0.01a; Pb 0.00 ± 0.00 and Cd 0.00 ± 0.00 MESOCARP: Mg 0.06 ± 0.00a; Ca 0.00 ± 0.00; Fe 0.00 ± 0.00; Pb 0.23 ± 0.00a and Cd 0.00 ± 0.00 FERMENTED PULP: Mg 0.06 ± 0.00a; Ca 4.29 ± 0.01a; Fe 0.03 ± 0.00a; Pb 0.00 ± 0.00 and Cd 0.00 ± 0.00The cyanide concentration in ppm of the cassava segments (Accra specie) are as follows: EPICARP:1.23 ± 0.01cENDOCARP:1.88 ± 0.01cMESOCARP: 1.50 ± 0.01cFERMENTED PULP: 1.13 ± 0.01c KEY: Cd (cadmium); Fe (iron); Ca (calcium); Pb (lead); Mg (magnesium). Conclusions The segments have a nutrient content level below the recommended daily requirement prescribed by the world health organization (WHO). Because of the low content or even the near absence of the toxic chemicals such as Lead, Cadmium, and cyanide, and low content of mineral elements Accra cassava specie is recommended as safe for consumption. however, it should not be used as a nutrient supplement, but its products should be consumed along with other foods rich in magnesium, iron, and calcium. Funding Sources funding was done individually.


2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110146
Author(s):  
Jia Ying Ooi ◽  
Luke Wolfenden ◽  
Rachel Sutherland ◽  
Nicole Nathan ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
...  

This review aimed to investigate national estimates of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years, from countries in regions particularly burdened by dietary-related chronic illnesses. The most recent studies or reports from included countries (n = 73) with national-level consumption data of SSBs in children and adolescents, collected between January 2010 and October 2019, were considered for inclusion. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of the mean consumption of SSB in millimeters per day. Heterogeneity between national estimates was assessed using the I2 statistic and explored via subgroup analyses by the World Health Organization region, age groups, and country-level income. Forty-eight studies were included in the review reporting national estimates of consumption for 51 countries. The highest estimate of daily consumption was in China at 710.0 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 698.8-721.2), while the lowest was in Australia at 115.1 mL (95% CI = 111.2-119.1). Pooled synthesis of daily SSB consumption of the 51 countries was 326.0 mL (95% CI = 288.3-363.8), although heterogeneity was high, and was not explained by subgroup analyses. While there is considerable variability between countries, intake of SSB remains high among children and adolescents internationally underscoring the need for public health efforts to reduce SSBs consumption.


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