The normalizing efficacy of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Moringa (Moringa oleifera), Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and ‘Ugwu’ (Telfairia occidentalis) in the liver enzymes of wild rats (Rattus rattus) living around a cement plant

Aims: The aim of this study is to formulate cocktails based on ginger oleoresin, pineapple juice and bissap concentrate in order to contribute to the development of these agricultural products and improve the income of producers. Study Design: The biological material consists of pineapple juice, ginger oleoresin and bissap concentrate. The oleoresin and the bissap concentrate were supplied respectively by Gazignaire (France) and the Water Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory. Place and Duration of Study: The cocktails were formulated and then subjected to sensory analyzes, from July to October 2018, at the Biochemistry and Food Sciences laboratory at Félix Houphouët-Boigny University. Methodology: The cocktails were formulated through a composite central plan having as variables the proportions of the pineapple juice, the bissap concentrate and the ethanol composing the cocktail. Thus 15 cocktail formulations were developed, the sensory characteristics of which were estimated. Results: Hedonic analysis of the formulations indicates acceptance of 12 of them by more than 50% of tasters.In addition, 5 formulations F4; F6; F12; F13 and F15 are preferred in proportions varying between 62% and 77%.The descriptive analysis of these 5 formulations indicates that only the pineapple flavor makes it possible to distinguish them and the F13 formulation is less provided with them.However, these formulations according to their flavor, aroma and texture are classified into 3 groups according to a principal component analysis.Which could offer consumers more choice. Conclusion: Commercial production of these cocktails could improve the availability of ginger, bissap and pineapple year-round and help improve the income of producers.

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Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiota in urban and rural rats: A comparative study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-211015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafig GURBANOV ◽

Uygar KABAOĞLU ◽

Tuba YAĞCI

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Rattus Rattus ◽

Food Sources ◽

Control Group ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Food Variety ◽

Wild Rats

Abstract Mammals have a symbiotic relationship with various microorganisms called microbiota throughout their lives. These microorganisms are known to affect the host's physiology, health, and even mental balance. In the harbor of the densest and most diverse microorganisms in mammals, the curved structure of the intestines and their rich nutrient content are effective. The development of the gut microbiota is regulated by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Herein, it is aimed to elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota of rats living in urban and rural habitats. All taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota of wild rats belonging to Rattus rattus species caught from urban and rural areas of Western Anatolian (Bilecik province) were examined comparatively by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing technique. Laboratory rats were used as a control group for comparison. Thus, 2000 different bacterial species were identified in gut microbiota. According to the Shannon and Simpsons values calculated, laboratory rats showed the highest species diversity. When the similarities of microbiota profiles were compared with the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA), bacterial populations showed variability among different habitats. The comparison of species richness between the groups with the species rarefaction technique revealed higher species richness in all wild rats, especially in the rural habitat, compared to laboratory rats. Food sources were determined as the most important factor contributing to species richness and diversity. While the increased food variety boosted species richness, species diversity was increased due to the diminished food variety.

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Seroprevalence of Rodent Pathogens in Wild Rats from the Island of St. Kitts, West Indies

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9050228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Kenneth Boey ◽

Kanae Shiokawa ◽

Harutyun Avsaroglu ◽

Sreekumari Rajeev

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Animal Health ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii ◽

Rattus Rattus ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Serum Samples ◽

In The Wild ◽

Wild Rats ◽

Group B ◽

Monitoring Protocols

A pilot seroprevalence study was conducted to document exposure to selected pathogens in wild rats inhabiting the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. Serum samples collected from 22 captured wild rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) were tested for the presence of antibodies to various rodent pathogens using a rat MFI2 serology panel. The samples were positive for cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (13/22; 59.1%), Clostridium piliforme (4/22; 18.2%), Mycoplasma pulmonis (4/22; 18.2%), Pneumocystis carinii (1/22; 4.5%), mouse adenovirus type 2 (16/22; 72.7%), Kilham rat virus (15/22; 68.2%), reovirus type 3 (9/22; 40.9%), rat parvovirus (4/22; 18.2%), rat minute virus (4/22; 18.2%), rat theilovirus (2/22; 9.1%), and infectious diarrhea of infant rats strain of group B rotavirus (rat rotavirus) (1/22; 4.5%). This study provides the first evidence of exposure to various rodent pathogens in wild rats on the island of St. Kitts. Periodic pathogen surveillance in the wild rat population would be beneficial in assessing potential regional zoonotic risks as well as in enhancing the current knowledge when implementing routine animal health monitoring protocols in facilities with laboratory rodent colonies.

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