Experiences with food insecurity and risky sex among low-income people living with HIV/AIDS in a resource-rich setting

US–Mexico border communities are uniquely vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission given the economic and social challenges these communities face. We surveyed low-income, predominantly Latinx residents receiving sexually transmitted infection testing and/or HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) care in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southernmost Texas about their experiences of food insecurity. Participants aged 18 years and over took a self-administered survey available in English or Spanish in a clinic waiting room ( N = 251). Ordinary least squares regression results suggested that those with a prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis reported a response for food insecurity that was approximately 0.67 points higher than peers without a prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis (coefficient = 0.67; p < 0.05), even when adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, social support, perceived discrimination, and neighborhood environment. Interaction results between age and HIV status indicated that younger individuals living with HIV/AIDS experienced uniquely higher food insecurity; those who reported a prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis experienced an additional reduction in food insecurity by approximately 0.06 points for each additional year of age (age × HIV/AIDS interaction coefficient = −0.06; p < 0.05). Community programs serving low-income populations should consider screening for and intervening on food insecurity, especially among young adults living with HIV/AIDS.

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Prevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with smoking in people living with HIV by sex, in Recife, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/s1415-790x2013000200018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 432-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joanna d’Arc Lyra Batista ◽

Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque ◽

Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽

Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho ◽

Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Low Income ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of smoking is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Although it is biologically plausible that smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV/AIDS, few studies in developing countries have analyzed the determinants and consequences of smoking in HIV infected people. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in patients with HIV by sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with baseline data, obtained from an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with HIV attending two referral centers in Recife, Northeast Region of Brazil, between July 2007 and October 2009. Results: The prevalence of current smoking was 28.9%. For both sexes, smoking was independently associated with heavy alcohol drinking and marijuana use. Among women, smoking was associated with living alone, not being married and illiteracy; and among men, being 40 years or older, low income and using crack. Compared with ex-smokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried, heavy drinkers and marijuana users. Conclusions: It is important to incorporate smoking cessation interventions for the treatment of heavy alcohol drinkers and marijuana users with HIV/AIDS, which may increase life expectancy and quality of life, as smoking is related to risk of death, relapse of tuberculosis, and non communicable diseases.

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Food insecurity and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of Wollega zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2019

10.21203/rs.2.19587/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adugna Oluma ◽

Muktar Abadiga ◽

Getu Mosisa ◽

Werku Etafa ◽

Ginenus Fekadu

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background : Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways. Food insecurity is a potentially important barrier to the success of antiretroviral treatment, increased hospitalizations, and higher morbidity among HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor settings particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving ART at public hospitals of wollega zone, west Ethiopia. Methods : An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 428 among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of wollega zones. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and dietary diversity scale by interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data was checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) window version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics - cross-tabulation frequency table, mean, standard deviation, percentage, were employed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used with AOR at CI 95% and p<0.05 were used. Result: The overall prevalence of food insecurity among PLWHA receiving ART therapy was 68.8% which was partitioned as mild (23.32%), moderate (29.09%) and severe (16.35%) food in secured. Being single [AOR=3.507(1.377, 8.934)], illiterate [AOR=5.234(1.747, 15.686)], cigarette smoking [AOR=3.577(2.104, 6.081)], presence of anemia (AOR=2.650(1.563, 4.493)] and inadequate dietary diversity [AOR=2.870(1.088, 7.569)] were predictors of food insecurity. Conclusion : The prevalence of food insecurity was relatively high. Educational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, presence of anemia, opportunistic infection and inadequate dietary diversity were the major significant factors affecting food insecurity. We recommended Wollega Zonal Health Bureaus to effectively intervene in behavioral modification and health information dissemination (HID) which is the key strategies to improve food security.

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Household food security and associated factors among Adult people living with HIV/AIDS attending ART clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia 2017

10.21203/rs.2.9380/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

REKIKU Fikre ABEBE ◽

Tamrayhu seyoum

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Study Participant ◽

Household Food Security ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Abstract Introduction: Globally 78 million peoples have been infected with HIV/AIDS. Ethiopia has one of the largest populations of HIV infected people in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. The relationship between HIV epidemic and food security situation in Ethiopia is complex. Hence, it is likely that the epidemic will contribute to worsening widespread food insecurity. The aim of study was to assess the level of food security and associated factors among adult people living with HIV /AIDS attending ART Clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa city Administration. Methodology: Thisinstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2017. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 532 study participant. Data entry was done with EPI-info version 3.5.3 and transferred into SPSS Version 20. Crude with adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at p- value < 0.05were computed to examine statistical significance. Results:Based on food security assessment core module scale 360 (67.3%) People living with HIV/AIDSwere food insecure. People living with HIV/AIDSwho disclose HIV status were 3.9 (AOR=3.902, 95% CI (1.238, 12.301) times more likely to be food secured compared with their counterparts.Similarly, those who were with high and medium dietary diversity were about 5 times more likely to be house hold food insecure compared to those with low dietary diversity AOR= 4.990(2.488,10.05), AOR= 4.696(1.54,14.36), respectively. Conclusions:Food Security status among People living with HIV/AIDSon ART in Hawassa town was low. Dietary diversity, household size, and disclosing HIV status were found to be significant predictors of food security. Key words: Food security, food insecurity ,Adult living with HIV/AIDS.

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Nutritional risk, food insecurity and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Paraíba, Brazil

Food Security ◽

10.1007/s12571-020-01102-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1173-1183

Author(s):

Nadjeanny Ingrid Galdino Gomes ◽

Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo Vianna ◽

Amira Rose Costa Medeiros ◽

Rafaela Lira Formiga Cavalcanti de Lima

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Food Insecurity and Other Poverty Indicators Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: Effects on Treatment and Health Outcomes

Journal of Community Health ◽

10.1007/s10900-014-9868-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1133-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Seth C. Kalichman ◽

Dominica Hernandez ◽

Chauncey Cherry ◽

Moira O. Kalichman ◽

Christopher Washington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Poverty Indicators ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Magnitude of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8558

Author(s):

Fikadu Tadesse Nigusso ◽

Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Residential Area ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction Following global efforts to increase antiretroviral therapy (ART) access and coverage, Ethiopia has made significant achievement with a 6.3% annual decline in the HIV/AIDS incidence rate between 1990 and 2016. Such success depends not only on access to ART but also on attaining optimum treatment adherence. Emerging studies in Ethiopia has shown the increasing prevalence of poor adherence and lack of the desired viral suppression, but the extent and factors associated with non-adherence to ART are not well known, especially in the current study setup. In this study, we examined the magnitude and factors associated with treatment and non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional facility based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among adult people living with HIV/AIDS from mid-December 2016 to February 2017 with only 98.9% response rate. Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status and residential area), economic factors (educational status, income, asset possession, employment status, dietary diversity, nutritional status and food security), and clinical characteristics (CD4 count, duration on ART and history of opportunistic infections) were explanatory variables. ART non-adherence was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We used binary logistic regression and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with ART non-adherence. Result Overall, 39.7% of the participants were found non-adherent to ART. Strong association was found between non-adherence to ART and young age below 25 years (AOR: 4.30, 95% CI [1.39–3.35]; p = 0.011), urban residential area (AOR: 2.78, CI [1.23–7.09], p = 0.043), lack of employment (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI [1.05–2.91], p = 0.032), food insecurity (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI [7.59–8.97]; p < 0.0001), malnutrition (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI [1.94–2.56]; p = 0.027) and opportunistic infections (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI [1.11–2.97]; p = 0.018). Conclusion The prevalence of non-adherence to ART in this study was high. Sociodemographic and economic factors such as young age of below 25 years, urban residential area, lack of employment, food insecurity, malnutrition and opportunistic infections were among the factors associated with non-adherence to ART.

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The Micro Dynamics of Support Seeking

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/0002716213475775 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 647 (1) ◽

pp. 83-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Celeste Watkins-Hayes

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Middle Class ◽

Low Income ◽

Service Providers ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Previous literature suggests that AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) play an important support role in the lives of impoverished women living with HIV. Less is known about the dynamics of institutional support for middle-class women living with HIV/AIDS, who are assumed to possess a broader base of resources to address their diagnosis. Using qualitative data collected from a racially and economically diverse group of HIV-positive women in Chicago, this article compares how low-income and middle-class women utilize ASOs and reveals how the women’s divergent approaches to availing themselves of institutional resources have important implications for their social and economic coping. For example, associating with ASOs can be status-improving for impoverished women and status-diminishing for middle-class women. As a result, middle-class women report a less robust network of social service providers and people living with HIV/AIDS on whom they rely for HIV-related information and social support, making them vulnerable to HIV-specific social isolation. In sum, the ways that HIV-positive women deploy institutional ties to negotiate their HIV/AIDS status differs markedly depending on socioeconomic status, suggesting that the role of class in gathering social support may be more complex than previously understood.

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Trends and Determinants of Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tajikistan

Central Asian Journal of Global Health ◽

10.5195/cajgh.2019.349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hakim Zainiddinov

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Aids Prevention ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Wide Range ◽

Prevention Methods ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Despite having one of lowest rates of newly diagnosed HIV infections among former Soviet countries, Tajikistan has a substantial level of discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). While initial attempts were made to explore discriminatory attitudes of a wide range of professionals, women’s general attitudes towards PLWHA received less scholarly attention. Employing a nationally representative sample from the 2000 and 2005 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), sociodemographic determinants of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes of women aged 15-49 in Tajikistan were identified and examined over time.Methods: A representative sample included 5,453 women of reproductive age from the capital city and four regions of Tajikistan. Two dichotomized scenarios representing the agreement to let an HIV-infected teacher continue teaching in school and the willingness to buy food from an HIV-infected cashier were constructed. Univariate and multivariable analyses of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes were obtained using Stata 14.Results: Insignificant but positive changes were observed in the women’s attitudes between 2000 and 2005. Logistic regression models showed that negative attitudes were associated with the lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods, endorsement of HIV/AIDS transmission misconceptions, and never having been tested for HIV (p≤0.001). Women living in the rural areas, married, with lower education, and from low income households were less tolerant towards PLWHA.Conclusions: The data from Tajikistan underscore the persistence of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes among low socioeconomic status women. The study findings can be potentially used to target the disadvantaged groups and guide the design and implementation of programs that promote voluntary HIV-testing, raise awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention methods, and help dispel transmission misconceptions.

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