scholarly journals Trajectories of Teachers’ Perceived Curriculum Coherence in the Context of Finnish Core Curriculum Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Jenni Sullanmaa ◽  
Kirsi Pyhältö ◽  
Tiina Soini ◽  
Janne Pietarinen
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
School Level ◽  
One Year

Teachers play a key role in transforming the national curriculum reform into classroom practice. This study explored individual variation in Finnish teachers’ (N = 901) perceptions of curriculum coherence during a one-year follow-up during the early stages of its implementation in schools. Latent profile analysis revealed five distinctive profiles. The development of perceived curriculum coherence over the two measurements and the perceived school-level impact of the reform differed between the profiles. The results imply that teachers may need various kinds of support to arrive at a coherent understanding of the curriculum over the process of its development and implementation.

scholarly journals Differences in state- and district-level stakeholders’ perceptions of curriculum coherence and school impact in national curriculum reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Sullanmaa ◽  
Kirsi Pyhältö ◽  
Janne Pietarinen ◽  
Tiina Soini
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
District Level ◽  
School Level ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Coherence

Purpose Shared understandings of curriculum reform within and between the levels of the educational system are suggested to be crucial for the reform to take root. The purpose of this paper is to explore variation in perceived curriculum coherence and school impact among state- and district-level stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach The participants (n=666) included state- and district-level stakeholders involved in a national curriculum reform in Finland. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify profiles based on participants’ perceptions of the core curriculum’s coherence and the reform’s impact on school development. Findings Two profiles were identified: high coherence and impact, and lower consistency of the intended direction and impact. State-level stakeholders had higher odds of belonging to the high coherence and impact profile than their district-level counterparts. Practical implications The results imply that more attention needs to be paid in developing a shared and coherent understanding particularly of the intended direction of the core curriculum as well as the reform’s effects on school-level development among state- and district-level stakeholders. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on curriculum reform by shedding light on the variation in perceived curriculum coherence and school impact of those responsible for a large-scale national curriculum reform process at different levels of the educational system.

Individual- and School-level Predictors of Latent Profiles of Bullying Victimization: Comparing South Korea and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Han ◽  
Shinhye Lee ◽  
Eunah Cho ◽  
Juyoung Song ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Profiles

This cross-national research investigated nationally representative adolescents from South Korea and the United States, explored similarities and differences in latent profiles of bullying victimization between countries, and examined individual- and school-level variables that predict such latent profiles supported by the Social Disorganization Theory. The fourth-grade sample of the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study from South Korea ( N = 4,669) and the United States ( N = 10,029) was used to conduct a latent profile analysis based on eight items of the bullying victimization questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using latent profiles as dependent variables. Independent variables include individual-level (material goods, school absence, academic interest, school belonging) and school-level (concentration of affluent families, school resources, the severity of delinquency, academic commitment) factors. More similarities existed than differences in the latent groups of bullying victimization between South Korea ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational-physical, and multi-risk) and the United States ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational, and multi-risk). Evidence for school-level variables as predictors of bullying victimization profiles was stronger for adolescents in the United States, with a concentration of affluent families and severity of delinquency being significant in four of the six models. For the South Korean sample, the severity of delinquency predicted bullying victimization in only one model. Examination of both individual- and school-level factors that predict unique bullying victimization experiences grounded in Social Disorganization Theory may be informative for addressing key areas of intervention—especially at the school-level context in which victimization primarily takes place and where anti-bullying intervention programs are often provided.

Latent Profile Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and Sexual Attitudes Among College Women: Associations With Sexual Victimization Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Yeater ◽  
Katie Witkiewitz ◽  
Gabriela López ◽  
Ryan S. Ross ◽  
Kristen Vitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Victimization Risk ◽  
Alcohol Medium ◽  
Low Alcohol ◽  
Latent Profile

This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify at-risk profiles of college freshman women ( n = 481) using self-reports of alcohol consumption and sociosexuality. Analyses resulted in three profiles labeled low alcohol use–low sociosexuality, high alcohol use–medium sociosexuality, and high alcohol use–high sociosexuality. Baseline victimization predicted latent profile membership. More severely victimized women were more likely to be in the high alcohol–high sociosexuality profile than the high alcohol–medium sociosexuality and low alcohol–low sociosexuality profiles. At follow-up, the high alcohol–high sociosexuality profile had higher mean levels of victimization severity, relative to those in the high alcohol–medium sociosexuality and low alcohol–low sociosexuality profiles.

scholarly journals Smoking and Physical Activity Trajectories from Childhood to Midlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Salin ◽  
Anna Kankaanpää ◽  
Mirja Hirvensalo ◽  
Irinja Lounassalo ◽  
Xiaolin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Substantial Interest

Introduction: Despite substantial interest in the development of health behaviors, there is limited research that has examined the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking trajectories from youth to adulthood in a Finnish population. This study aimed to identify trajectories of smoking and PA for males and females, and study the relationship between these trajectories from youth to adulthood. Methods: Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify trajectories of smoking and PA separately for males and females among 3355 Finnish adults (52.1% females). Participants’ smoking and PA were assessed five to eight times over a 31-year period (3–18 years old at the baseline, 34–49 years at last follow-up). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the trajectories of smoking and PA. Results: Five smoking trajectories and four to five PA trajectories were identified for males and females. Of the PA trajectory groups, the persistently active group were least likely to follow the trajectories of regular smoking and the inactive and low active groups were least likely to follow non-smoking trajectory group. Likewise, inactive (women only) and low active groups were less likely to belong to the non-smokers group. Conclusions: The study suggests that those who are persistently active or increasingly active have substantially reduced probabilities of being in the highest-risk smoking categories.

Conceptualizations of the Family Context: New Insights Gained by Capturing Daily Variability in Cohesion and Conflict

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lydon-Staley ◽  
Emily J. LoBraico ◽  
Bethany C. Bray ◽  
Gregory Fosco
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Context ◽  
The Family

In this study, we evaluate whether the use of dynamic characteristics of the family provides new and important information when conceptualizing the family context of adolescents. Using 21 days of daily diary data from adolescents (N=151; 61.59% female; mean age = 14.60 years) in two-caregiver households, we quantified between-family differences in the extent to which their experiences of family cohesion and conflict fluctuate from day to day. We included these estimates of consistency in family cohesion and conflict, along with traditional survey assessments of dispositional family cohesion and conflict, in a latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of families with distinct combinations of dispositional and consistency in family cohesion and conflict. We next assessed how these profiles were differentially associated with emotion regulation, internalizing symptoms, problem behaviors, and well-being at baseline and at a 12-month follow-up. Results revealed four distinct family profiles with unique associations with outcomes. By considering both dispositional and consistency in family cohesion and family conflict and how these four factors cluster within families to differing degrees, we better capture the richness of the family context and highlight the implications for understanding its role in adolescent well-being.

scholarly journals Goal Motives and Well-Being in Student-Athletes: A Person-Centered Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Laura C. Healy ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis ◽  
Calum A. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Academic Goals ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Intrinsic Goal

Using a person-centered approach, the aim of this study was to examine how student-athletes’ motives for multiple-goal pursuit relate to indices of well- and ill-being. Student-athletes (N = 362) from British universities identified the most important sporting and academic goals that they were pursuing over the academic year. The participants rated their extrinsic, introjected, identified, and intrinsic goal motives for each goal and completed measures of well- and ill-being. Latent profile analysis revealed six distinct profiles of goal motives, with variations in both the strength of motives and the motivational quality. Follow-up analyses revealed between-profile differences for well- and ill-being; students with more optimal goal motive profiles reported higher and lower well- and ill-being, respectively, than those with less optimal goal motives. To experience well-being benefits when pursuing multiple goals, student-athletes should strive for their academic and sporting goals with high autonomous and low controlled goal motives.

scholarly journals Samoan Educators' Perceptions and Experiences of In-service Training in Implementing Curriculum Reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maimoana Janine Petaia
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
National Level ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
School Level ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Service Training

<p>This research study was undertaken in Samoa, a self-governing island nation in the Pacific. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of in-service training in implementing new curriculum reforms for senior history. This study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators of in-service training (INSET) workshops so that planning for future workshops can better equip teachers with the knowledge and skills to implement a curriculum. It also sought to obtain educators' views and understanding on any professional development policies. This study adopted an interpretive phenomenology methodology using a case study approach. Purposeful sampling was used to select the history teachers and Ministry of Education personnel for the study. Data was collected through the use of in-depth, semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that although the teachers found the INSET to be effective, there were several barriers that prevented teachers from fully implementing the training into classroom practice. One of the notable barriers was the lack of support offered to teachers from principals and heads of departments in the critical stages of implementation. Another notable barrier, both at the school level and national level, was the lack of monitoring and evaluation of the in-service training. Teachers felt that there needed to be continuous and consistent monitoring and evaluation carried out by principals and Ministry of Education staff to ensure that the programme was being implemented effectively within the classrooms. The lack of monitoring and evaluation resulted in teachers reverting to traditional styles of teaching and learning. Another notable barrier was teacher quality. The success of any reform programme is heavily dependent on teachers and their willingness to fully and effectively implement a programme. This study found that teachers' lack of interest and motivation resulted in the curriculum not being implemented effectively into classroom practice. In trying to minimise the various problems and difficulties of centrally-planned INSET and professional development activities, the local policy on teacher training is a shift towards school-based training. This study found that teacher's professional development was more effective and relevant if it focused on developing their training needs within their own environments.</p>

scholarly journals The Shape of Care: Patterns of Family Caregiving Among Chinese Adults in the Middle to Later Stage of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
Haoshu Duan
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Grandchild Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
Care Activity ◽  
One Year

Abstract Due to the lack of institutional support, families have long been the primary caregivers in China. Most studies to date only focused on one single care activity during a particular life course stage. Nonetheless, older adults today are more likely to care for multiple family members concurrently or sequentially (serial caregivers). The studies on discrete snapshots of care activities failed to capture the patterns of family caregiving overtime. Utilizing four waves of longitudinal data from CHARLS (2011-2018, N=17,039), this study particularly focuses on care activities to grandchildren, parents, and spouse, and maps out the family caregiving patterns overtime. Using latent profile analysis, this study identifies five family caregiving patterns: 1). Light grandchild caregivers (27%), who on average provided 4.3 years’ grandchild care mostly; 2). Heavy grandchild caregivers (11%), who on average on provided 7 years’ grandchild care mostly; 3). Light caregivers for grandchildren and parents (7%), who sequentially provided 1-year care to grandchildren and parents; 4). Heavy serial caregiver (6%), who mostly provided care to spouse and grandchildren with higher overlapping years; 5). Overall light caregivers (49%), who on average provided less than one year of care to any recipient. The preliminary results suggest that heavy serial caregivers (6%) far worst in terms of depressive symptoms and more likely to report worsened self-rated health; and overall light caregivers (49%) have the lowest depressive symptoms and more likely to report good self-rated health.

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