Embodiment, Enaction, and Culture

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Shared Meaning ◽  
Enactive Cognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Matthew Ratcliffe

Recent accounts of cognition attempt to overcome the limitations of traditional cognitive science by reconceiving cognition as enactive and the cognizer as an embodied being who is embedded in biological, psychological, and cultural contexts. Cultural forms of sense-making constitute the shared world, which in turn is the origin and place of cognition. This volume is the first interdisciplinary collection on the cultural context of embodiment, offering perspectives from the neurophilosophical to the anthropological. The contributors explore conceptual foundations, drawing on work by Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, and Sartre, and respond to recent critiques. They consider whether there is something in the self that precedes intersubjectivity and inquire into the relation between culture and consciousness, the nature of shared meaning and social understanding, the social dimension of shame, and the nature of joint affordances. They apply the notion of radical enactive cognition to evolutionary anthropology, and examine the concept of the body in relation to culture in light of studies in such fields as phenomenology, cognitive neuroscience, psychology, and psychopathology. The book covers the interplay of embodiment, enaction, and culture. Contributors Mark Bickhard, Ingar Brinck, Anna Ciaunica, Hanne De Jaegher, Nicolas de Warren, Ezequiel Di Paolo, Christoph Durt, John Z. Elias, Joerg Fingerhut, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Thomas Fuchs, Shaun Gallagher, Vittorio Gallese, Duilio Garofoli, Katrin Heimann, Peter Henningsen, Daniel D. Hutto, Laurence J. Kirmayer, Alba Montes Sánchez, Dermot Moran, Maxwell J. D. Ramstead, Matthew Ratcliffe, Vasudevi Reddy, Zuzanna Rucińska, Alessandro Salice, Glenda Satne, Heribert Sattel, Christian Tewes, Dan Zahavi

Body Image Satisfaction and its Relationship to the Reasons Why Young Women  are Undergoing Cosmetic Surgery from their Perspectives: الرضا عن صورة الجسد وعلاقته بأسباب إقبال الشابات على إجراء عمليات التجميل من وجهة نظرهن

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Fahad Joudeh, Suhaila Mahmood Banat
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Social

This study aimed to reveal the level of satisfaction of the body image and its relationship to the reasons why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery from their perspectives. The sample of the study consisted of (150) young women who visit private beauty clinic. Two scales were developed: a scale of the level of satisfaction of body image consisting of (34) item and a scale of the reasons of why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery consisting of (39) item. After insured the scales' validity and reliability, the descriptive-correlational approach was used. The results of the study showed that the level of body image was moderate, and for the reasons of why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery; the psychological dimension came in the first rank, While the vocational dimension came in the last rank. The results also found a positive correlation between body image satisfaction and the reasons why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery. The results did not show differences in the level of satisfaction of the body image to the variable of marital status and economic level. While the results showed dissatisfaction with the body image due to age in favor of the category (31-40) and the educational qualification in favor of a diploma degree and below. As for the reasons for the young women undergoing cosmetic surgery, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the marital status and educational qualification variables, also, there were differences due to age only on the social dimension and in favor of (31 - 40), and there were differences attributed to the economic level in the social dimension in favor of the category (500-1000). Considering the results, the researcher recommended reinforcing the body image through nurture and guidance to raise the level of satisfaction with body image and to conduct more surveys, qualitative, and experimental studies related to cosmetic surgery other than the target category in this study, and for both sexes.

The Social Construction of Entrepreneurship: Narrative and Dramatic Processes in the Coproduction of Organizations and Identities

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Downing
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

A social dimension to business development and inertia is currently acknowledged in several accounts of learning, business models, vision building, and innovation, and through more general concepts of networking, social capital, and embeddedness. Here a constructionist perspective is developed to improve our understanding of the interactions between entrepreneurs and stakeholders in all of these areas. This identifies narrative and dramatic processes that describe how notions of individual and collective identity and organization are coproduced over time. A framework is created to show how selective and emotional processes that produce storylines, emplotment, and narrative structure support sense making and action making.

scholarly journals Understanding Tattoos from the Indonesian Underground Music Scene of the Surabaya Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cons. Tri Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Art ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Music Scene ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spiritual Journeys ◽  
Underground Music ◽  
The Individual

This study analyses the functions and meanings of tattoos in the specific social and cultural context of the underground musicians and fans in urban East Java. The research methodology is based on qualitative data and uses ethnographic and social science methods. The ethnographic component comes from participation in music events, gatherings and visits to the target community in their homes and public places. The focus is on the analysis of the visual data in their particular contexts and draws from detailed knowledge of literature pertaining to existing international research about tattoos from a variety of perspectives. In particular, the individual explanatory narratives are considered to account for the icons, symbols and typography patterns, to understand the broader vocabularies of tattoos that are followed in the subculture of underground music in Indonesia. This research revealed that tattoos and tattooing practices among Java-based underground music subcultures were mostly still based on mutual co-operation, as shown by how some of the underground musicians and fans became the volunteer media of tattooing practices for their fellow tattoo apprentices. This kind of activity seems to strengthen their social interactions. From an analogical perspective, we can see the body as the site where they create those relationships. I call this phenomenon the social body event, a celebration of togetherness and unity, flowing dynamically in the form of the production of tattoos. Other findings were that tattoos also became a projection of their spiritual journeys, personal identity, as well as the group identity, in cases where there was a shift in the meaning of tattoos over time. The local preferences of tattoos and the tattooing process also involve local spiritual conceptions, such as the tattoo positioning on the body representing good or evil. Also, some subjects acquired tattoos after experiencing dreams. This phenomenon shows that some youngsters still believe that dreams can convey a supernatural message or a sign of a particular event in their life. Tattoo and tattooing practices in the underground music scene reflect the vigorous bond between inside and outside the self, the music scene, and the wider range of society. It is also clear how global tattoos can influence, in terms of tattoo styles and motifs. This research adds to the existing body of research and knowledge of both subcultures and body art in the Indonesian context.

The Russian Church in Modern Society (On the Example of the Russian Religious Situation)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 327-341
Author(s):  
Dmitry Tsyplakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Institution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Social Force ◽  
The Social ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

The subject of this article is the concept of the Church in the context of the contemporary Russian religious situation and the understanding of the concept by the Russian philosophical ecclesiology. The current religious situation could be described as post-secular. The Church, which survived two waves of secularization in Russia, retained its social subjectivity. The description of the Church as a conglomerate of believers does not correspond with the self-understanding of the Church in Christian thought. The article reveals the ontological self-understanding of the Church in the works of S.L. Frank, A.S. Homjakov, Russian theologians. The mystical reality of the Church could be combined with the empirical expression of it as a social institution. V.S. Soloviev considered the Church as a part of his theocratic utopia. In it he reduced the Church to a simple political social force. And at present, communities of Christians are expected to be embedded in a certain social functional. Meanwhile, arch-presbyter Nicolas Afanasiev pointed to eschatological reality: to the Church as an eschatological subject, as to the City of God (according to St. Augustine) only dwelling in the city of the earth. It forms the social Church ontology on the basis of the Church and society interaction. The social subjectivity of the Church is implicitly present in the framework of social activity in interaction with secular society. The concept of social subjectivity helps to reveal in the social analysis the essence of the dualistic nature of the Church. As an eschatological subject, it is the Body of Christ and at the head of it is the Christ. Therefore, the Church is a divine-human unity. But in the temporal order of things, in the secular aspect, the Church appears as an organization that performs certain social functions, or as one of the parts of the social institution of religion. The article points out the risk of institutionalization for the Church in which it may lose the social dimension of its subjectivity, which does not correspond to the mystical self-consciousness. The risk is that the Church will fulfill the requests of society but will not be able to reveal its main function of being the “the pillar and ground of the truth” (1 Tim. 3:15). The article summarizes that in modern Russian society the Church must have its own social subjectivity in order to pass this point of choice and create a working model of interaction with society, including secular society. The subjectivity of the Church is one of the conditions for its sustainable existence in modern Russia.

Group Singing and Social Identity

2016 ◽  
pp. 836-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane W. Davidson ◽  
Robert Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spiritual Self

Group singing practices interact with socio-cultural context, and this relationship depends on predominant social trends. Furthermore, ability to act in the world is expressed through Self-Identity, whereby we constitute ourselves as agents, authors of our actions, and generate our identities. There are three principal components of Self: the Material Self (the body; the physical world); the Social Self (expressed in relationships); and the Spiritual Self (found in religious/ spiritual experience). These elements interact in a web of individual and cultural circumstance, the overall becoming labeled The Created Self. In this chapter Selfhood is acknowledged as developing within a social and cultural milieu and is shaped by the specific roles we enact. Identity is primarily developed in relation to others, comprising many elements that are not fixed, but changing. Case studies are used to explore how social musical identities are developed in the social activity of group singing.

scholarly journals Ostrich eggshell beads reveal 50,000-year-old social network in Africa

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Miller ◽  
Yiming V. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
Exact Timing ◽  
Ostrich Eggshell

AbstractHumans evolved in a patchwork of semi-connected populations across Africa1,2; understanding when and how these groups connected is critical to interpreting our present-day biological and cultural diversity. Genetic analyses reveal that eastern and southern African lineages diverged sometime in the Pleistocene epoch, approximately 350–70 thousand years ago (ka)3,4; however, little is known about the exact timing of these interactions, the cultural context of these exchanges or the mechanisms that drove their separation. Here we compare ostrich eggshell bead variations between eastern and southern Africa to explore population dynamics over the past 50,000 years. We found that ostrich eggshell bead technology probably originated in eastern Africa and spread southward approximately 50–33 ka via a regional network. This connection breaks down approximately 33 ka, with populations remaining isolated until herders entered southern Africa after 2 ka. The timing of this disconnection broadly corresponds with the southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which caused periodic flooding of the Zambezi River catchment (an area that connects eastern and southern Africa). This suggests that climate exerted some influence in shaping human social contact. Our study implies a later regional divergence than predicted by genetic analyses, identifies an approximately 3,000-kilometre stylistic connection and offers important new insights into the social dimension of ancient interactions.

scholarly journals Człowiek jako istota osobowa w świetle antropologii biblijnej

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Stanisław Ormanty
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Biblical Anthropology

This article presents a general outline of biblical anthropology that constitutes the contents foundation of philosophical anthropology. Within the scope of the biblical view of man two basic dimensions of man play the decisive role: the personal and the social dimension. The personal being and the social being remain in close relationship with each other.Being a person on the human level is characterized by direction towards community and development within community. Furthermore, a specifically human community takes shape through respect for and support of human personality. A human person is a relation; only through the relation man becomes a person in its entireness. In other words, a human being exists within communication, realizes himself by means of communication.The notion of person can be described by distinguishing and emphasizing its various facets: a person is an individual founded in the spiritual nature, possessing a quality of irreplaceable or non-interchangeable autonomy. A person is shaped by spirit and constitutes an unrepeatable and self-governed unity and wholeness.This article presents man as wholeness to which belong three basic human manifestations: that of the body, the soul and the spirit, as it is presented in the Judaistic biblical exegesis of Creation (Gen. 2: 7). Within the spiritual aspect of man focus was placed on the notions of reason and freedom as well as language and culture.

Nothing new here: Emphasizing the social and cultural context of deepfakes

First Monday ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Burkell ◽  
Chandell Gosse
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Digital Manipulation ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

In the last year and a half, deepfakes have garnered a lot of attention as the newest form of digital manipulation. While not problematic in and of itself, deepfake technology exists in a social environment rife with cybermisogyny, toxic-technocultures, and attitudes that devalue, objectify, and use women’s bodies against them. The basic technology, which in fact embodies none of these characteristics, is deployed within this harmful environment to produce problematic outcomes, such as the creation of fake and non-consensual pornography. The sophisticated technology and metaphysical nature of deepfakes as both real and not real (the body of one person, the face of another) makes them impervious to many technical, legal, and regulatory solutions. For these same reasons, defining the harm deepfakes causes to those targeted is similarly difficult and very often targets of deepfakes are not afforded the protection they require. We argue that it is important to put an emphasis on the social and cultural attitudes that underscore the nefarious use of deepfakes and thus to adopt a more material-based approach, opposed to technological, to understanding the harm presented by deepfakes.

scholarly journals The nonverbal behavior of football players: A sociological and psychological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Osman Sirj Aldeen ◽  
Rasha Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
The Individual

The relationship among the body, soul and society is not new, but an old relationship as the humanity itself. There are many studies dealt with the body in relation to various sciences, including psychology, sociology and anthropology. In the modern era, the interest in the sociology and physiology of the body has become a research trend that includes many fields such as communication sciences, folklore and arts. The body has important, expressive and fundamental connotations in expression and nonverbal communication with others, including various movements and gestures as well as the tattoos drawn on different body parts. These have various psychological, cultural and social implications. Thus, the body represents the other ego of the individual through which he expresses his individual and societal components, and implications that reflect the social and cultural context. The football game is one of the most popular in the world, followed by many people from different social classes as well as different ages and nationalities. This game has a large audience not only watching the matches, but also follow the movements and emotions of the player and is affected by them as well as follow the details of their personal lives.

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