Exploring the Assumptions of Attachment Theory across Cultures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy H. Liu ◽  
Stephen H. Chen ◽  
Yvonne Bohr ◽  
Leslie Wang ◽  
Ed Tronick
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Prolonged transnational separation between parents and children is a common occurrence for many families today. Typically motivated by the desire to create a better economic future for the entire family, parents who move abroad in search of work opportunities often face limited childcare options in their country of settlement. This causes some parents to send their infants and young children back to the parental homeland to be cared for by relatives for extended periods. In this chapter, serial attachments and separations among caregivers and children in the United States and China serve as a cultural exemplar to extend and situate the meaning of attachment. The goal is to understand how this practice might affirm and challenge various concepts within attachment theory. Attention is given to the concept of monotropy, a basic component of attachment theory that assumes children’s healthy development depends on a singular attachment created by sensitive interchanges between a parent and child. In turn, new directions are proposed for its measurement and related constructs.

Thinking about Jointly Preventing the “Color Revolution” by China and Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
chensheng wang
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Color Revolution ◽  
Return Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The color revolution, which is a “low-cost and high-return” method in regime change, has become the main mean and priority option for America to subvert dissident regimes. In recent years, with the raising strength of containing and suppressing between China with Russia by the United States, America has tried its best to plan “color revolution” not only around China and Russia, but also within the borders of the two countries. China and Russia have become the key target of America in implementing the “color revolution”, however, the situation of the two countries to prevent the “color revolution” is particularly urgent. The “color revolution” not only disrupts the balance of the international system and regional security, but also seriously affects the stability of the country's political power and the healthy development of the economy. In view of this, it is now necessary for China and Russia to work together to prevent “color revolution”. Regarding the new changes, methods changed from non-violent to violent me, more advanced organizational methods, the younger generation of the participants, and changes in manifestations by the “color revolution”, as well as the underlying causes of the “color revolution”, China and Russia should have uindividualized strategies. China and Russia can strengthen cooperation in different areas, such as politics, economy, culture, ideological education, and regional coordination. China and Russia should take advantages of their respective experiences in dealing with “color revolution”, strengthen sharing and communicating experience with other countries in the region, and jointly build a barrier to prevent “color revolution” and protect the security and stability in China and Russia and the surrounding areas.

Neurocysticercosis: Report of Unusual Pediatric Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-977
Author(s):  
Julie Kim Stamos ◽  
Anne H. Rowley ◽  
Yoon S. Hahn ◽  
Ellen Gould Chadwick ◽  
Peter M. Schsntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Cysticercosis is widely endemic in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The incidence of cysticercosis has been increasing in the United States during the last decade.1 Although an infection still seen primarily in immigrants, it has been reported in increasing numbers in individuals who have close contact with persons who have resided in endemic areas.2 Only 6 cases of cysticercosis in children born in the United States have been reported; in 3 of these cases, the parents were from or had traveled to an endemic area and Taenia ova were recovered from the stools of the parent(s).1,3-6 Because of the prolonged incubation period, cases are rarely seen in infants and young children.4

Lymphadenitis as the Dominant Manifestation of Kawasaki Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528
Author(s):  
Julie Kim Stamos ◽  
Kathleen Corydon ◽  
James Donaldson ◽  
Stanford T. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Conjunctival Injection ◽  
Coronary Abnormalities ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness primarily affecting infants and young children. Its importance relates to the fact that 20% to 25% of untreated patients develop coronary abnormalities that can lead to myocardial infarction or even to death.1 KD is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in many regions, including the United States.2 Because there are no specific diagnostic tests for KD, the diagnosis is established by the presence of fever and four of five criteria without other explanation for the illness: (1) nonexudative conjunctival injection; (2) oral mucosal changes; (3) changes of the peripheral extremities; (4) rash, primarily truncal; and (5) cervical lymphadenopathy.

Identifying New Directions for African Studies: Methodology Report and Survey Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Larry W. Bowman ◽  
Diana T. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Coverage Error ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Survey Results

The sample frame was constructed over several months through the combined efforts of three graduate students and Prof. Larry W. Bowman. Using the Internet whenever possible, and backed by the assistance of colleagues from many institutions, we constructed a sample frame of 1,793 U.S.-based Africanists. Our sample frame includes 46 percent more Africanists than the 1,229 individual U.S. members of the African Studies Association (ASA) in 2001 (1,112 individual members and 117 lifetime members). In all cases we allowed institutions to self-define who they considered their African studies faculty to be. By assembling this broad sample frame of African studies faculty, we probe more deeply into the national world of African studies than can be done even through a membership survey of our largest and most established national African studies organization. The sample frame for this study approximates a full enumeration of the Africanist population in the United States. Therefore, data collected from samples drawn from this frame can with some confidence be generalized to all Africanists in the United States, with minimal coverage error.

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Special Populations: Is it Something Worth Considering in Cystic Fibrosis and Immunosuppression?

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
William A. Prescott ◽  
David J. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Infant Hospitalization ◽  
Infants And Young Children

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Prophylaxis with palivizumab is effective in reducing RSV hospitalizations in premature infants and in infants or children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. Patients with CF or those who are immunocompromised may be at increased risk for RSV infection–related complications; hence, prophylaxis may prove beneficial to these populations. The extent of palivizumab use in the CF and immunocompromised populations is variable. Palivizumab appears to be safe and may be effective in infants and young children with CF and immunocompromise. However, well-designed, randomized, controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals are lacking, and its routine use can therefore not be recommended at this time. If used in patients with CF or those who are immunocompromised, RSV prophylaxis should be restricted to peak outbreak months in order to optimize the cost benefit of palivizumab.

scholarly journals La puerta Electra y la puerta Lavinia. Análisis comparatista de las Electras de Virgilio Piñera y Eugene O’Neill

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela López García
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Eugene O'neill ◽  
Greek Myth ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Virgilio Pinera ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
American Author ◽  
Eugene O’Neill ◽  
Common Message

Tanto Eugene O’Neill como Virgilio Piñera crearon sus propias versiones sobre el mito clásico de Electra con el fin de realizar una crítica a las sociedades estadounidense y cubana, respectivamente. Separadas por una década, ambas obras de teatro giran en torno a las relaciones paterno-filiales y a la necesidad de romper con las tradiciones heredadas a través de la educación recibida. El presente ensayo compara Mourning Becomes Electra, de O’Neill, y Electra Garrigó, de Piñera, con el objetivo de destacar tanto sus similitudes como sus diferencias. Haciendo uso de tradiciones distintas para ahondar en las dinámicas familiares (el psicoanálisis en el caso de O’Neill y el existencialismo y el choteo cubano en el de Piñera), ambos autores actualizan el mito a su manera, siempre recalcando la necesidad de rebelión contra modelos impuestos con el fin de ser libres. Mientras que el autor estadounidense se decanta por condenar a su protagonista, Lavinia Mannon, a un determinismo psicológico consecuencia de los comportamientos de sus padres, el escritor cubano prefiere hacer a su Electra, de apellido Garrigó, libre y capaz de romper con toda tradición para así poder elegir su destino. Si bien ambos personajes terminan encerradas detrás de las puertas de sus palacios, Lavinia Mannon lo hace forzada por la imposibilidad de escapar a su destino, mientras que Electra Garrigó lo hace por decisión propia, ejerciendo su libertad. En definitiva, este ensayo busca recalcar el mensaje común de ambos autores y cómo cada uno lo desarrolla de forma completamente diferente. Both Eugene O’Neill and Virgilio Piñera wrote their own versions of the classical myth of Electra as a critique of the distinct societal structures they perceived in the United States and Cuba respectively. Only a decade apart, these reinterpretations focus on the nature of the relationships between parents and children and on the urge to emancipate from inherited traditions and parental constraints. This comparative essay thus highlights the similarities and differences in the plays­ Mourning Becomes Electra by O’Neill and Electra Garrigó by regarding the ways both authors reimagined the Greek myth, using different critical approaches: while O’Neill relies on Freudian psychoanalysis to delve into family dynamics, Piñera has a tendency towards existentialism and Cuban choteo. Their works are an appeal to a rebellion against cultural structures based on tradition in order liberate oneself from their crippling nature. While the American author condemns his Electra character (named Lavinia Mannon) to a life determined by psychological constraints resulting from her parent’s behavior, Piñera makes his Electra (whose surname is Garrigó) emancipated and in the position to break with tradition in order to pursue her own fate. Despite both characters remaining locked in their own mansions, Lavinia Mannon is trapped due to her psychological inability to escape her own destiny, whereas Electra Garrigó does it because it is her own free choice to do so. Ultimately, this essay shows how these authors share a common message that they carry out in completely distinct ways.

Real Men Do…Real Men Don’t: Young Latino and African American Men’s Discourses Regarding Sexual Health Care Utilization

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Kalmuss ◽  
Karen Austrian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
African American ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
African American Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Sexual Health Care ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Relationship

There is growing recognition that men as well as women need sexual health care (SHC) services. Despite this, male friendly sexual health services are not readily available in the United States, and men are underutilizing the services that are available. This situation needs to be rectified to improve sexual health outcomes for men and women. In this study we conducted 10 focus groups with young adult Latino and African American men to examine their perceptions of the factors influencing SHC utilization among the men they know, with an emphasis on how notions of what it means to be a man affects health care seeking. The findings both amplify and complicate the relationship between masculinity and SHC seeking. They suggest new directions for public health efforts to enhance men’s SHC utilization.

“Sin Maíz, No Hay País”

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Broughton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Female Migrants

After Three Years of living in the shadows of the United States, Laura Flora Oliveros returned to Mexico in 2004 to reunite with her daughters and her parents in Tierra Blanca, Veracruz. Erika, her youngest, had just turned five and was now strong enough, Flora hoped, to make the arduous border crossing. If everything worked as planned, Flora’s entire family—four generations of them—would be together in central Florida in a couple of weeks. On her second voyage north, Flora’s intuition told her that something was not right. Flora was attuned to the news of rapes and disappearances of hundreds of female migrants and maquila workers at the border, which a United Nations mission had been investigating. Her three daughters dismissed her concerns and begged her to go through with it. Just before the dusk river crossing, and over the girls’ protests, Flora abandoned the trip, forfeiting, for the second time in three years, all her savings to a coyote. “I felt awful about not making the crossing, but I had a foreboding thought. It frustrated all of my plans. My daughters didn’t sense the danger. They were happy, saying ‘Let’s go, Mom! Let’s go!’ ” Right or not, her decision left Flora, her three girls, and her parents penniless, 1,300 miles from her older children in Florida, José and Deysy, and a new grandchild she had yet to hold. They each had a change of clothing and nothing else, stuck at the border with hundreds of thousands of other migrants, who came mostly from Veracruz. Reynosa had become one of the world’s premier meeting places for southern labor and northern capital, the archetypical neoliberal city. And yet nobody outside of the booming city itself seemed to know about it aside from the Veracruzanos who flowed into its slums. In the decade after the 1994 free trade agreement, rural Mexicans headed north in unprecedented numbers. Much of it was internal to Mexico. The channel from Veracruz to Tamaulipas—Reynosa being the main destination—became the busiest internal pathway in the country.

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