scholarly journals Self-sperm induce resistance to the detrimental effects of sexual encounters with males in hermaphroditic nematodes

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N Booth ◽  
Travis J Maures ◽  
Robin W Yeo ◽  
Cindy Tantilert ◽  
Anne Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Sexual Encounters

Sexual interactions have a potent influence on health in several species, including mammals. Previous work in C. elegans identified strategies used by males to accelerate the demise of the opposite sex (hermaphrodites). But whether hermaphrodites evolved counter-strategies against males remains unknown. Here we discover that young C. elegans hermaphrodites are remarkably resistant to brief sexual encounters with males, whereas older hermaphrodites succumb prematurely. Surprisingly, it is not their youthfulness that protects young hermaphrodites, but the fact that they have self-sperm. The beneficial effect of self-sperm is mediated by a sperm-sensing pathway acting on the soma rather than by fertilization. Activation of this pathway in females triggers protection from the negative impact of males. Interestingly, the role of self-sperm in protecting against the detrimental effects of males evolved independently in hermaphroditic nematodes. Endogenous strategies to delay the negative effect of mating may represent a key evolutionary innovation to maximize reproductive success.

scholarly journals Influence of electromagnetic fields on the human organism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Engineering Institute

The article presents measures to reduce the negative impact of electromagnetic fields emanating from cell phones on the human organism. The topic of the work is relevant, since at present the role of mobile devices in the life of the modern person is rapidly increasing. The analysis of the measured electromagnetic field levels of the telephones of various brands in the "standby" and "ringing" modes was carried out. Poll that was conducted among students of the Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute on the usage of mobile devices was also analyzed. Keywords: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD, MOBILE PHONE, NEGATIVE EFFECT, MEASUREMENT, POLL

Research at two NHS A&E departments shows inexperienced temps can negatively impact work of permanent staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Bank Staff ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Permanent Staff

Purpose The authors wanted to find out if hiring temporary staff at busy A&E departments had a negative impact on the work of permanent staff. Design/methodology/approach They did semi-structured interviews with managers and permanent staff at two London NHS hospitals with different policies for hiring temps. Hospital A prioritized the use of NHS professions for its bank and agency nurses, as well as doctors and locums. Hospital B focused more on using its own internal bank staff as temps. Findings The findings showed the generally negative effect of using temporary staff on permanent staff. But the reaction of permanent staff depended on the type of temporary staff. More experienced temps could generally be trusted to get on with the job, whereas the inexperienced ones required more supervision. Originality/value The authors proposed an approach to improved practice beginning with “macro-level managers” who could maintain service quality as a higher priority than contracting costs. They could also encourage permanent staff to do occasional temporary shifts. The co-authors also felt that “meso-level managers” could be given the role of hiring “preferred temps” where possible.

scholarly journals Corruption, political discretion and entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Jiménez ◽  
Ilan Alon
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Creation ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Generalized Least Squares Estimation ◽  
The Cost

Purpose While common sense suggests that corruption will likely have a negative impact on the economy as it raises the cost of doing business, research on the topic showed inconsistent results (positive, negative and neutral). This paper aims to verify whether corruption has a “grease” or “sand” effect on the wheels of entrepreneurial rates and under which conditions corruption will have stronger or weaker effects. Design/methodology/approach Using institutional theory as the basis for the hypotheses, generalized least squares estimation is conducted to empirically examine the role of corruption and political discretion in entrepreneurship in a sample of 93 countries. Findings Countries with higher levels of corruption are associated with lower levels of firm creation. However, this negative effect of corruption is weaker when there are higher levels of political discretion. Originality/value This is the first evaluation of the moderating effect of political discretion on the negative impact of corruption on entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Balancing clinical risk with countertransference management protects alliance

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joào F. Barreto ◽  
Paula Mena Matos
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychotherapy Outcome ◽  
Alliance Formation ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Therapist Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Problem Severity ◽  
Clinical Problems

The working alliance has been recognized as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome across therapeutic orientations. Despite mixed findings regarding the effect of problem severity on the alliance formation, there is evidence suggesting that therapist factors may interfere in this association. This study examined how clients baseline clinical features affected the early alliance and the possible role of therapists countertransference management as a mediator. Thirteen therapeutic dyads were assessed at 2 different time points. Clients clinical dimensions were assessed prior to the 2nd session, and therapists countertransference management and clients ratings of the alliance were measured after the 2nd session. Positive associations were found between clients subjective wellbeing, social functioning, risk, and global psychological distress and countertransference management dimensions and total score. Empathy-based countertransference management suppressed the negative impact of clinical risk on alliance. Our findings suggest that clinical problems activate countertransference management, which in turn may buffer their negative effect on alliance.

Does effects of brand origin misperception jeopardize brand equity?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsiang Tseng ◽  
Nga Cheng Chan ◽  
Matthew Tingchi Liu ◽  
Chieh-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Brand Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of brand origin (BO) misperception (hereafter BOM) or non-identification on brand equity. Besides, the current study investigates the moderating role of brand strength in the relationship between BOM and brand equity.Design/methodology/approachThe current study adopted a 4 (BO identification: favorable BOM vs adverse BOM vs non-identification vs correct identification) × 2 (brand strength: strong vs weak) between-subjects design. A total number of 547 participants performed assessments on the automotive brand. The current study selected three strong brands and three weak brands for tests. In the experiment, respondents had to associate the brand with its country of origin. The assignment of BO conditions was based upon respondents' natural responses provided. ANOVA was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that as compared to correct BO identification, BOM (either adverse or favorable) or non-identification exerts a more negative impact on brand equity. Moreover, the study demonstrates that brand strength moderates the effect of perceived BO on brand equity.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical support to the notion that BOM is detrimental to brand equity. Specifically, when adverse BOM occurs, a strong brand suffers more from the negative consequences resulted than a weak brand does. Conversely, when consumers misattribute the BO to a country with a stronger image than its real origin (i.e. favorable BOM), the resulting negative effect is reversed. Moreover, the non-identification of BO hurts the brand equity of both strong and weak brands.

scholarly journals Environment, Identity, and Response to Polluted Landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9422
Author(s):  
Susan D. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Environmental Identity ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

Research indicates that beautiful nature can have positive impacts. Does polluted nature have a corresponding negative impact? This paper presents two experiments investigating the impact of viewing images of natural settings, on a college campus, that do or do not contain litter. The moderating role of environmental identity was also examined. Study 1 showed that landscapes with litter evoked more negative emotions among a sample of 332 U.S. residents on MTurk than did landscapes without litter. Surprisingly, natural landscapes did not have a more positive effect than images of buildings. In Study 2, using an MTurk sample of 310 U.S. residents, results were similar to Study 1 but were qualified by an interaction between condition and EID: those high in EID were more strongly affected by the images. These results suggest that viewing polluted landscapes can have a negative effect on emotions (hedonic wellbeing), and that these effects are stronger among those who have a stronger relationship with nature. There was no evidence for an impact on eudaimonic wellbeing as represented by a sense of meaning, efficacy, or ethicality. Given the continuing degradation of our natural environment, further research on the impacts of polluted landscapes is needed.

scholarly journals A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Jie Du ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Wen-Tao Tao ◽  
Hong-Liang Shi ◽  
Wen-Jun Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
New Type ◽  
Species Evolution

AbstractIn the competition for the opposite sex, sexual selection can favor production of exaggerated features, but the high cost of such features in terms of energy consumption and enemy avoidance makes them go to extinction under the influence of natural selection. However, to our knowledge, fossil on exaggerated traits that are conducive to attracting opposite sex are very rare. Here, we report the exaggerated leaf-like expansion antennae of Magnusantenna wuae Du & Chen gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) with more abundant sensory hairs from a new nymph coreid preserved in a Cretaceous Myanmar amber. The antennae are the largest among species of coreid and one of the largest known insects. Such bizarre antennae indicate that sensitive and delicate sensory system and magnificent appearance in Hemiptera have been already well established in mid-Cretaceous. Our findings provide evidence for Darwin’s view that sensory organs play an important role in sexual selection. This nymph with the leaf-like antennae may also represents a new camouflage pattern for defense. However, the oversized antennae are costly to develop and maintain, increasing the risks from predators. Such unparalleled expanded antennae might be the key factor for the evolutionary fate of this Myanmar amber coreid species.SignificanceDarwin proposed the importance of sensory organs in sexual selection, but it was greatly ignored compared with weapons and other common ornaments. Here, we report a new type of insect antennae, the multiple segments leaf-like expansion antennae from a new nymph coreid preserved in a Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Our finding provides evidence for the prominent role of sensory organs in sexual selection and thus supports Darwin’s viewpoint. This discovery demonstrates that high-efficiency antennae were present in Coreidae 99 million years ago. In addition, the exaggerated antennae might represent a new evolutionary innovation for defensive behavior. This is a case in which the high benefits and high costs brought by the exaggerated antennae jointly determine the direction of species evolution.

scholarly journals The Role of Confucius Institutes and One Belt, One Road Initiatives on the Values of Cross-Border M&A: Empirical Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10277
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Jung ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Sung-Woo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Long Run ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Confucius Institutes

This study examines how national cultural policies such as Confucius Institutes and One Belt, One Road initiatives (BRI) affect the post-acquisition returns of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions based on data from a sample of 192 transactions covering 2011 to 2015. We find that the cultural export of Chinese Confucius Institutes and the BRI exert a significantly positive impact on long-term acquirer returns, while cultural/institutional distance exerts a negative impact. Further evidence shows that Confucius Institutes and BRI mitigate the negative effect of cultural distance between merging firms. These results offer the first evidence that national cultural translation has substantial impacts on the long-run acquirer financial performance of cross-border mergers that decrease cultural institutional heterogeneity between countries.

Service failures after online flash sales: role of deal proneness, attribution, and emotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Ali Vakeel ◽  
K. Sivakumar ◽  
K.R. Jayasimha ◽  
Shubhamoy Dey
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on failures in online flash sales (OFS) and to explore why consumers participate in an OFS even after experiencing service failure. It also examines the role of deal proneness, attribution, and emotions. Design/methodology/approach Using a mixed method approach to gain insights into this relatively unexplored phenomenon of OFS, this research uses netnography followed by a survey study. Findings The findings show that deal-prone customers tend to ignore service failures during OFS and re-participate in the future. In the context of OFS, failures attributed to internal locus of attribution (LOA) also have a negative effect on re-participation compared with failures attributed to external LOA. Furthermore, there is a three-way interaction among deal proneness, LOA, and past emotions. The results show that negative past emotions further exacerbate the impact of attribution on the link between deal proneness and re-participation. Originality/value In contrast with prior research, the paper shows that consumers participate even after service failure. The proposed difference is between customers who experience different LOA and past emotions offers insights into their behavior after service failure in a new context of an online/electronic commerce event – flash sales. This paper specifically explores the role of internal LOA and finds that it has a more negative impact than external LOA on re-participation.

scholarly journals Properties and activity of the cobalt catalysts for NH3 synthesis obtained by co-precipitation – the effect of lanthanum addition

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zybert ◽  
Magdalena Karasińska ◽  
Elżbieta Truszkiewicz ◽  
Bogusław Mierzwa ◽  
Wioletta Raróg-Pilecka
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cobalt Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Phase Surface ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract In modern research on catalysts for NH3 synthesis a lot of attention is paid to cobalt. In this work the new catalytic systems based on cobalt are presented. Unsupported cobalt catalysts singly promoted (La or Ba) and doubly promoted (La and Ba) were prepared and tested in NH3 synthesis reaction under commercial synthesis conditions. Characterization studies revealed that lanthanum plays a role of a structural promoter, which improves the surface of catalyst precursors and prevents from sintering during calcination. However, lanthanum has a negative effect on the reduction of cobalt oxide, but the addition of barium promoter (Co/La/Ba catalyst) diminishes the negative impact of La. The co-promotion of cobalt with lanthanum and barium results in the increasing of the active phase surface and improvement of its activity in NH3 synthesis.

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